Lesson 86 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．Out of control，（標(biāo)題）失控。
介詞短語(yǔ)out of可以表示“失去”、“欠缺”等：
We are out of bread.
我們的面包吃完了。
Tony walked so fast that he was soon out of sight.
托尼走得很快，不久就無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了。
He has been out of work for two months.
他失業(yè)兩個(gè)月了。
The plane got out of control and crashed in the mountains.
飛機(jī)失控后在山區(qū)墜毀。
2．…the steering wheel came away in his hands.……方向盤脫手了。
come away表示“脫落”、“脫離”、“脫開”等：
When I tried to lift the suitcase, the handle came away.當(dāng)我試圖提起手提箱時(shí)，把手掉了下來。
3．Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea.他們兩個(gè)還沒來得及意識(shí)到究竟發(fā)生了什么事情，就被猛地拋入了海里。
hardly…when…表示“幾乎未來得及……就……”，hardly用于主句中，并且主句通常用過去完成時(shí)。（cf．第38課語(yǔ)法）
4．they swam on as quickly as they could, 他們以快的速度向前游去。
on在這里是副詞，表示“向前”：
Walk on along this road for ten minutes and you'll see the railway station.
沿著這條路向前走10分鐘你就會(huì)看見火車站。
I think he saw me, but he just marched on.
我覺得他看見了我，但他卻徑直往前走了。
5．They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. 他們剛剛來得及游出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)，快艇就又轉(zhuǎn)究了一圈。
just是個(gè)可以和各種完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞，它與when連用時(shí)常用于過去完成時(shí)：
Jim had just left when you rang.
你打電話時(shí)吉姆剛走。
The patient had just died when the doctor arrived.
醫(yī)生來時(shí)病人剛死。
6．The petrol had nearly all been used up. 汽油幾乎已經(jīng)用光。
use up表了“用完”、“用光”、“耗盡”：
They have just bought a house and a car. They must have used up all their money.
他們剛買了一所房子和一輛車。他們的錢肯定都用光了。
up表示“徹底地”、“完全地”，它也可以與其他一些動(dòng)詞連用：
The child soon ate up the cake.
孩子很快把蛋糕吃完了。
She burned up all his letters.
她把他的信都燒掉了。
Can you read up the book in two hours?
你用兩小時(shí)就能把這書讀完嗎？
7．Before long, the noise dropped completely…
沒過多久，噪音便徹底消失……
drop在這里為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“減少”、“變?nèi)酢被颉跋А保?BR> When he saw that Mary was annoyed, his voice dropped.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)瑪麗生氣時(shí)，便降低了嗓門。
We had to stay at home before the wind had dropped.
風(fēng)力減弱以前，我們不得不呆在家里。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．swing vt. , vi.
（1）（使……）擺動(dòng)/搖動(dòng)：
He can't stand those who swing their legs while eating.
他受不了吃東西時(shí)晃腿的那些人。
She tried to swing the baby to sleep.
她試圖把孩子搖得睡著。
（2）突然轉(zhuǎn)向，使……轉(zhuǎn)向/轉(zhuǎn)身：
The man tried to swing the speedboat round.
那人試圖讓快艇轉(zhuǎn)彎。
He swung round and looked at the two men.
他突然掉轉(zhuǎn)身，看著那兩個(gè)人。
2．enough與fairly
enough表示“足夠”，用在形容詞或副詞之后，有“為了某種目的”的含義；fairly表示“相當(dāng)”，通常修飾表示肯定意義的詞：
I'm old enough to know what I'm doing.
我已經(jīng)大了，知道自己在干什么。
We haven't got enough time/chairs.
我們沒有足夠的時(shí)間/椅子。
I didn't arrive at the station early enough.
我到車站到得不夠早。（我誤了火車。enough指結(jié)果）
They had just had enough time to swim out of danger.
他們剛剛來得及游出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)。（enough既可用于名詞前，也可用于名詞后）
The water in the pool is fairly warm, but not warm enough to swim in.
池里的水相當(dāng)暖和，但如要游泳則還不夠暖。
He is fairly quick, but not quick enough to take part in the race.
他跑得相當(dāng)快，但要參加比賽還不夠快。