Lesson 78 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1. an article entitled‘Cigarette Smoking and Your Health’,一篇題為《吸煙與健康》的文章。
在英語(yǔ)中，文章名與書(shū)名中的每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母均大寫(xiě)，不在開(kāi)頭位置的連詞、冠詞、小品詞除外。entitle的含義為“給……題名／定名”，在這里是過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)。entitle常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet.
那位作家還沒(méi)給他的新書(shū)寫(xiě)／取名。
The book was entitled The Sun Also Rises.
那本書(shū)的書(shū)名為《太陽(yáng)照樣升起》。
2． I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. 我具備了戒煙者通常表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的所有癥狀：脾氣暴躁和食欲旺盛。
a bad temper and an enormous appetite為symptoms的同位語(yǔ)。
giving up smoking可以看做是someone的定語(yǔ)，即someone who gives up smoking.
3． My friends Kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. 我的朋友們不斷地向我遞香煙和雪茄。
keep on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”、“反復(fù)做某事”：
The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV.
孩子在大聲哭，但他卻一直看電視。
He kept on phoning her.
他不斷地給她打電話(huà)。
4．They made no effort to hide…他們毫不掩飾地……
make no effort表示“根本不作努力”。我們還可以說(shuō)：
She wrote the letter with/without effort.
她費(fèi)力地／毫不費(fèi)力地寫(xiě)了那封信。
Georeg made every effort to get/at getting the job.
喬治竭盡全力想得到那份工作。
5. …it was more than I could bear. ……我再也忍不住了。more than后面跟一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)形容詞時(shí)可以表示“超出”（多用于口語(yǔ)）：
He was more than pleased with his new room.
他對(duì)自己的新房間極其滿(mǎn)意。
This was more than I had expected.
這超出了我的預(yù)料。
6.Anyway,as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.不管怎么說(shuō)，正如布賴(lài)恩指出的那樣，戒煙是世界上容易的事情。
it為先行主語(yǔ)，代替后面的不定式短語(yǔ) to give up…。 point out為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“指出”、“指明”：
Why didn't you point out his mistake to him at that time?
你那時(shí)候?yàn)槭裁床幌蛩赋鏊腻e(cuò)誤？
He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.
他指出我們還需要／得再買(mǎi)一些其他東西。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1． suffer
（1）vi. 受痛苦，受苦難；患病：
During this time, my wife suffered terribly.
在此期間，我妻子吃盡了苦頭。
What is the patient suffering from?
這位病人患的是什么??？
（2）vt.遭受（痛苦、損害等）：
The village suffered serious damage from the floods.
洪水使這個(gè)村子受到了嚴(yán)重破壞。
Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district.
那個(gè)地區(qū)許多人正受凍挨餓。
2．與keep有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
keep與不同的小品詞搭配可以有不同的含義。
（1）keep on與動(dòng)名詞連用時(shí)表示“反復(fù)”、“持續(xù)”：
Keep on trying.
繼續(xù)努力。
He kept on saying that he was tired.
他不斷地說(shuō)他累了。
（2）keep off表示“不靠近”、“從……離開(kāi)”：
Keep off the flower bed.
請(qǐng)勿進(jìn)入花壇。
Keep your hands off the food.
別動(dòng)吃的東西。
（3）keep away from表示“（使……）不靠近”、“避開(kāi)”：
Why do you always keep away from me?
你為什么總躲著我？
Keep the children away from the river.
別讓孩子們?nèi)ズ舆叀?BR> （4）keep it up表示“不松勁”、“保持成績(jī)”或“繼續(xù)下去”，而 keep up with則表示“跟上”、“不落在……后面”：
You've made much progress. Keep it up!
你已取得了很大進(jìn)步。繼續(xù)努力！
If you keep it up, you'll be able to set up a new world record.
你如果保持下去／不松勁，你就能創(chuàng)一項(xiàng)新的世界紀(jì)錄。
Although he walked as fast as he could, he still couldn't keep up with his father.
雖然他盡快走，但他仍跟不上他父親。
In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.
為了跟上同學(xué)，他比以往任何時(shí)候都更努力。
（5）keep out可以表示“（使）留在外面”、“（使）不進(jìn)入”：
He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind.
為了擋風(fēng)，他關(guān)上了所有的門(mén)窗。
16,000-volt power line. Keep out!
16,000伏高壓線(xiàn)，不可靠近！
（6）keep in的含義之一為“（把……）留在里面／關(guān)在屋里”、“不出外”：
It's very cold today. We'd better keep in.
今天很冷。我們好別出去。
When the dog was kept in, it barked loudly.
那條狗被關(guān)在屋里時(shí)狂吠不止。