Lesson 55 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1 .Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.近，找到失躊寶旅的夢想差一點兒變成現(xiàn)實。
come true為固定短語，表示“(預(yù)言、期望等)成為事實”、“(愿望)實現(xiàn)”:
His dream to travel around the world at last came true.
他周游世界的夢想終于實現(xiàn)了。
2 .The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.海盜們過去常把金子埋截在那個洞里.但后來卻沒能取走。
(1)would在這里不表示過去將來時，而表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，它后面跟動詞原形(bury和fail)( cf‘本課語法)
(2)fail to do sth表示“未能”、“不能”或“忘記”做某事:
Don't fail to write to us.
別忘記給我們寫信。
He failed to see the reason why they sent him away.
他不了解他們把他打發(fā)走的原因。
(3)collect的含義之一為“(去)取”、“接”:
I'll collect my post on my way home.
我將在回家時順路取我的郵件。
Don't fail to collect me before you go to the party.
去參加晚會之前別忘了接我。
3. Armed with the new machine…用這種新機器裝備起來...
arm(ed) with可以表示“帶著”、“裝著”、“穿著”等:
Don't worry.I'm armed with an umbrella.
別擔(dān)心，我?guī)е鴤隳亍?BR> You'd better arm yourself with a warm coat.
你好穿件暖和的外衣。
4. the entrance to the cave，洞口。
entrance可以表示“入口”、“大門”等;
I can't find the entrance to the park.
我找不到公園的入口。
Is this the entrance of the park/your school?
這是公園/你們學(xué)校的大門嗎?
5.Very excited,the party dug a hole two feet deep.隊員們異常激動，就地挖了一個兩英尺深的坑。
(1)與armed with引導(dǎo)的短語相似，very excited也是過去分詞(短語)作狀語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài):
very worried about his child,he phoned the police.
他為他的孩子非常擔(dān)心，(便)給警察局打了電話。
(2)deep在表示“有...深”時要位于數(shù)字之后:
We have a swimming pool six feet deep.
我們有一個深6英尺的游泳池。
6. ...‘The Revealer’ may reveal something of value fairly soon.
……“探寶器”很快就會探出值錢的東西來。
of 表示其所修飾的名詞具有某種性質(zhì)、狀況:
The news is of great importance to us.
這消息對我們非常重要。
Tom is a boy of sixteen.
湯姆是個16歲的男孩。
語法 Grammar in use
would用于表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作及其它與usef to的對比
在第7課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某段時間一直在干什么:
They were preparing for the party for two whole days.
整整兩天他們一直在為晚會進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。
在第31課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用used to表示過去的習(xí)憤。
would是另一個用于描述過去經(jīng)常性行為的詞，它與used to有時可以互換，有時則不可以，而且would需要指出具體時間，used to則不需要。
(1)當(dāng)used to暗示與現(xiàn)在的對照時.不可用would替換:
I used to drink heavily,but I have given up drinking now.
我過去喝酒很厲害，但我已戒了。
I never used to eat a large breakfast ,but I do now.
我過去早飯吃得不多、可現(xiàn)在我吃得很多。
(2)當(dāng)used to描寫過去的狀態(tài)時，也不可與would互換，would只
表示過去特有的習(xí)慣或行為:
I used to be a waiter,but now I'm a taxi-driver.
我過去是個侍者，但現(xiàn)在我是出租汽車司機。
They used to awn a car.
他們過去有輛車。
(3)當(dāng)used to不強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的對比時，可與would互換。但一個故事開頭時不用would，必須首先用一般過去時或used to描述背景，然后用would表示習(xí)慣性動作:
When I was a boy we always spent/used to spend our holidays on a farm.We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows.
我小時候經(jīng)常在農(nóng)場度假。我們總是5點起床，幫助擠牛奶。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1. use,be used to 與 used to
(1)use通常為及物動詞，表示“用”、“使用”、“運用”、“應(yīng)用”等:
May I use your dictionary / car?
我可以用一下你的字典/汽車嗎?
I don't know how to use the word.
我不知道如何使用這個單詞。
The machine has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.
這機器已被人們用來探測地下埋藏的金子。(use用于被動語態(tài)，后面的to引導(dǎo)表示目的的不定式，不可與be used to及used to混淆)
(2)be used to表示“習(xí)慣于”，后面跟名詞或動名詞，be也可用get等代替:
I'm used to shopping alone.
我習(xí)慣于一個人購物。
I'm used to getting up early.
我習(xí)慣于早起。
I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker.
我開始當(dāng)面包師不久就習(xí)慣早起了。
(3)used to表示過去有而現(xiàn)在通常已不存在的習(xí)慣，只用于一般過去時，后面只能跟動詞不定式:
I used to get up early when I worked as a baker,but I don't have to get up early now.
當(dāng)面包師的時候，我常起得很早，不過我現(xiàn)在用不著早起了。
You didn't use to smoke.
你過去不抽煙。
You never used to smoke.
你過去從不抽煙。(用never的否定式更常見)
2. gold 與 golden
(1)gold通常為名詞，表示“金”、“黃金”、“金幣”、“金塊”等:
The machine showed that there was gold under the ground.
這機器顯示這兒的地底下有金子。
He loves gold more than anything else.
他愛金子勝過一切。
當(dāng)gold作形容詞使用修飾其他名詞時，它往往表示“金的’，:
When Frank retired,they gave him a gold watch.
弗蘭克退休時，他們送了他一塊金表。
(2)golden通常為形容詞，表示“金色的”、“(機會等)非常好的”或“興盛的”等:
As the sun set,the sky became golden.
太陽落山時，天空變成了金黃色。
As he grew older,he always thought about the golden days of his life.
隨著年齡的增大，他經(jīng)常想起自己的黃金時代。
You've missed a golden chance to make a lot of money.
你失掉了一個掙大錢的好機會。