Lesson 17 Learning to Live 學(xué)會(huì)生活
The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it. In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.
This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic examinations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin his range of competence and understanding. intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知識(shí)分子 pass on 衡量 (1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉語 (2)衡量judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence (3)pass for 被認(rèn)為 不能用被動(dòng),只能用主動(dòng) (4)pass 過了 pass grade reliance 信賴,依靠 (1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生蟲)(drag:負(fù)擔(dān)) (2)reliant reliable值得信賴的 self-reliant自力更生(=self-dependent) working 起作用的 pill:藥丸 dose:劑 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利effective有效果的 The pill does. a wide variety 各種各樣 a wide variety of goods . various variant：變化的variantion變化 very colored/formed mult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：雙邊會(huì)談 as a result of 由于…結(jié)果 As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 減薪 consequence in result后面一定不能出現(xiàn)of He performed well; in result he got a pay rise. in consequence act 法案 pass bill motion pay bills act：第1幕 ，第1場(chǎng) Today we got an act of got. He always put on an act.擺譜 foundation 基金 Peking Normal University 北京師范大學(xué) missionary available 可用的 Is water available? 有水喝嗎？ Are you available? Are you available for a chat? Is your bicycle available? avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy. avail myself of 利用…的機(jī)會(huì) make use of ；take advantage of accommodate 容納 The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 適應(yīng) accommodating accommodation：住所 boarding and lodging at most 多 at least counteract 抵消 counteractclockwise逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)counterintelligence反情報(bào) counterrevolution neutralize act against specialization 專門化 specialize speciality major I specialize in chemistry. specialization 專業(yè)化 synthesize 綜合 sympathy syndrome 并發(fā)癥 synchronize同步分 verbal 文字的 oral 口頭 verbal expression ;oral expression competence 能力 competent incompetent沒有能力的 performance 實(shí)際的行為 British education system 第1段只有一句話 主語-the fact 謂語-does not prevent us 同位語從句 nor：否定連接 passed on：衡量
useful ,working兩個(gè)詞相近 placing 和finding 并列 place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance依賴 引號(hào)里表示抽象的東西 superior inferior even though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更為高級(jí) even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man. The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man. tests第1段形成文章的主題。 sample：樣品，受試者 subjects puzzle 拼字游戲 of various kinds- various kinds of puzzles and problems ability toability in 后面跟名詞 ability to：不定式 photograph He has ability to take a photos. ability in photography have taken 主句是將來時(shí) 一般都用if we take 第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞：take 第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞：allow 如果一個(gè)寫作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的先后順序，就可以用完成時(shí)替代 if I master English,I will go abroad. I have master…… predict：預(yù)測(cè) he will reach-后置定語 occupation：職業(yè) representative make full use of his ability 人盡其才 potential it will allow us ：我們就會(huì)，我們能夠 it-test 客觀性 we can-主體在“我”，主觀性強(qiáng) 科普性文章一般用passive We can obtain the results. The results are obtained. became of became：系動(dòng)詞 be of importance secondary schooling 中學(xué)教育 謂語：became available except 主題一定是圍繞“intelligence”開始 secondary schooling ：12-18歲 higher education：19-23 歲 elementary high school：junior high school, senior high school nine year compulsory education high tax all free compulsory courses ：必修課 optional/selective courses grammar schools：文法學(xué)校 technical schools：技校 since:由于 accommodate:容納 approximately:about test eleven-plus:11歲以上 selection:選拔制度 Narrowly:狹隘的 academic-只側(cè)重書面考試 quite rightly:有理由認(rèn)為 heavily weighted highly-academic 高度學(xué)術(shù)性的學(xué)校 test oriented 應(yīng)試教育 academically biased homes biased:偏 側(cè)重于 scholal:學(xué)者 ，學(xué)術(shù) scholastically biased homes :書香門第 My mom is biased toward my sister. were felt to be :被人們感覺到 The weather is felt to be uncomfortable.強(qiáng)調(diào)感受 intelligence testsdevised :被設(shè)計(jì) specialization:專業(yè)化 intelligence tests 側(cè)重 universal ability 應(yīng)試的方向問題 assess:評(píng)估的意思general ability:綜合能力 random:隨意 progressive:遞進(jìn) gravity 重力 think:思想-----reason:推理-----judge:判斷-----analyse:分析-----synthesize:綜合 更側(cè)重于practical 連綴，兩個(gè)以上如果做名詞修飾，可以置后 連綴詞可以做后置定語 complementary:互補(bǔ) question:質(zhì)問 西方教育強(qiáng)調(diào)free talk 第1段做為重點(diǎn) ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds have taken it will allow us This became of particular importance 系表結(jié)構(gòu)+of結(jié)構(gòu) grammar school became available to eleven-plus were felt…...to be heavily weighted in favour of …… highly-academic academically biased scholastically-acquired think,reason,judge,analyse,synthesize
The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it. In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.
This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic examinations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin his range of competence and understanding. intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知識(shí)分子 pass on 衡量 (1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉語 (2)衡量judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence (3)pass for 被認(rèn)為 不能用被動(dòng),只能用主動(dòng) (4)pass 過了 pass grade reliance 信賴,依靠 (1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生蟲)(drag:負(fù)擔(dān)) (2)reliant reliable值得信賴的 self-reliant自力更生(=self-dependent) working 起作用的 pill:藥丸 dose:劑 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利effective有效果的 The pill does. a wide variety 各種各樣 a wide variety of goods . various variant：變化的variantion變化 very colored/formed mult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：雙邊會(huì)談 as a result of 由于…結(jié)果 As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 減薪 consequence in result后面一定不能出現(xiàn)of He performed well; in result he got a pay rise. in consequence act 法案 pass bill motion pay bills act：第1幕 ，第1場(chǎng) Today we got an act of got. He always put on an act.擺譜 foundation 基金 Peking Normal University 北京師范大學(xué) missionary available 可用的 Is water available? 有水喝嗎？ Are you available? Are you available for a chat? Is your bicycle available? avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy. avail myself of 利用…的機(jī)會(huì) make use of ；take advantage of accommodate 容納 The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 適應(yīng) accommodating accommodation：住所 boarding and lodging at most 多 at least counteract 抵消 counteractclockwise逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)counterintelligence反情報(bào) counterrevolution neutralize act against specialization 專門化 specialize speciality major I specialize in chemistry. specialization 專業(yè)化 synthesize 綜合 sympathy syndrome 并發(fā)癥 synchronize同步分 verbal 文字的 oral 口頭 verbal expression ;oral expression competence 能力 competent incompetent沒有能力的 performance 實(shí)際的行為 British education system 第1段只有一句話 主語-the fact 謂語-does not prevent us 同位語從句 nor：否定連接 passed on：衡量
useful ,working兩個(gè)詞相近 placing 和finding 并列 place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance依賴 引號(hào)里表示抽象的東西 superior inferior even though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更為高級(jí) even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man. The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man. tests第1段形成文章的主題。 sample：樣品，受試者 subjects puzzle 拼字游戲 of various kinds- various kinds of puzzles and problems ability toability in 后面跟名詞 ability to：不定式 photograph He has ability to take a photos. ability in photography have taken 主句是將來時(shí) 一般都用if we take 第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞：take 第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞：allow 如果一個(gè)寫作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的先后順序，就可以用完成時(shí)替代 if I master English,I will go abroad. I have master…… predict：預(yù)測(cè) he will reach-后置定語 occupation：職業(yè) representative make full use of his ability 人盡其才 potential it will allow us ：我們就會(huì)，我們能夠 it-test 客觀性 we can-主體在“我”，主觀性強(qiáng) 科普性文章一般用passive We can obtain the results. The results are obtained. became of became：系動(dòng)詞 be of importance secondary schooling 中學(xué)教育 謂語：became available except 主題一定是圍繞“intelligence”開始 secondary schooling ：12-18歲 higher education：19-23 歲 elementary high school：junior high school, senior high school nine year compulsory education high tax all free compulsory courses ：必修課 optional/selective courses grammar schools：文法學(xué)校 technical schools：技校 since:由于 accommodate:容納 approximately:about test eleven-plus:11歲以上 selection:選拔制度 Narrowly:狹隘的 academic-只側(cè)重書面考試 quite rightly:有理由認(rèn)為 heavily weighted highly-academic 高度學(xué)術(shù)性的學(xué)校 test oriented 應(yīng)試教育 academically biased homes biased:偏 側(cè)重于 scholal:學(xué)者 ，學(xué)術(shù) scholastically biased homes :書香門第 My mom is biased toward my sister. were felt to be :被人們感覺到 The weather is felt to be uncomfortable.強(qiáng)調(diào)感受 intelligence testsdevised :被設(shè)計(jì) specialization:專業(yè)化 intelligence tests 側(cè)重 universal ability 應(yīng)試的方向問題 assess:評(píng)估的意思general ability:綜合能力 random:隨意 progressive:遞進(jìn) gravity 重力 think:思想-----reason:推理-----judge:判斷-----analyse:分析-----synthesize:綜合 更側(cè)重于practical 連綴，兩個(gè)以上如果做名詞修飾，可以置后 連綴詞可以做后置定語 complementary:互補(bǔ) question:質(zhì)問 西方教育強(qiáng)調(diào)free talk 第1段做為重點(diǎn) ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds have taken it will allow us This became of particular importance 系表結(jié)構(gòu)+of結(jié)構(gòu) grammar school became available to eleven-plus were felt…...to be heavily weighted in favour of …… highly-academic academically biased scholastically-acquired think,reason,judge,analyse,synthesize