Lesson 48 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. 牙科醫(yī)生們總是在你無法作出回答的時(shí)候向你提出問題。
在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，it為先行主語，代指后面的不定式，for+人稱代詞／名詞說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的：
It is not hard for you to help them.
你幫助他們并不難。
It was a mistake for me to come to the party.
我來參加晚會是錯(cuò)誤的。
impossible通常不以人作主語，而以不定式或從句作主語：
It is impossible for him to help you.
他不可能幫你。
It is impossible that he will help you.
（譯文同上）
2．In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. 作為對這些問題的回答，我不是點(diǎn)頭，就是發(fā)出奇怪的聲音。
（1）in answer to為固定短語，在這里表示“作為對……的回答”：
In answer to my question, Dan shook his head.
作為對我的問題的回答，丹搖了搖頭。
這個(gè)短語的另一個(gè)含義是“響應(yīng)……的請求”：
In answer to my request, he wrote a letter to George.
應(yīng)我的請求，他給喬治寫了封信。
（2）made strange noises, 發(fā)出奇怪的聲音?！拔摇辈⒉皇怯幸獍l(fā)出這些聲音，而是因?yàn)樽炖镉兴幟?，又想回答醫(yī)生的話造成的。
3．Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 與此同時(shí)，我的舌頭正在忙著尋找剛拔掉的那顆牙的傷口。
（1）副詞meanwhile表示“在此期間”、“與此同時(shí)”：
He won't come until ten o'clock. Meanwhile you can have a rest.
他10點(diǎn)以前不會來。在此期間你可以休息一下。
Mary was talking to me about her new dress. Meanwhile I was thinking about something else.
瑪麗在和我講她的新衣服。與此同時(shí)我卻在想著其他事情。
（2）search out表示“找出”、“查出”、“搜出”等：
Have you searched out the books I needed?
你找出我需要的書了嗎？
（3）where the tooth had been用的是過去完成時(shí)，因?yàn)樵诿枋鲞@件事的時(shí)候那顆牙已經(jīng)不在了。牙齒尚在的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。
4．When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth…
當(dāng)那位牙醫(yī)后將藥棉從我嘴中取出時(shí)……
remove可以表示“拿去”、“除去”、“去掉”，通常結(jié)構(gòu)為“remove +名詞+from”；它也可以單獨(dú)使用：
I've removed that picture from the wall.
我已經(jīng)把那幅畫從墻上拿走了。
Please remove your hat.
請摘下你的帽子。
語法 Grammar in use
復(fù)習(xí)第26～45課的部分語法
It is one of the ugliest faces(that) I have ever seen.
這是我見過的丑陋的頭像之一。（that在關(guān)系從句中作賓語，可省略）
There aren't many students who sing as well as she does.
在學(xué)生當(dāng)中沒幾個(gè)人唱歌像她那么好。（who在關(guān)系從句中作主語，不可省略）
People are not so honest as they once were.
人們不再像以前那樣誠實(shí)了。（not so/ as…as用于比較狀語從句）
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他還沒等安頓下來就賣掉了房子。（hardly…when用于過去完成時(shí)）
No sooner had I sat down than he came in.
我剛坐下他就進(jìn)來了。（no sooner…than用于過去完成時(shí)；否定詞位于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝）
The box was so heavy that she couldn't lift it.
箱子太重了，她搬不起來。（so+形容詞+that表示“如此……以至于”）
The thief got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
那個(gè)小偷嚇得把提包都扔了。（such〈a〉+名詞+that表示“如此……以至于”）
Billy is not at home at present. He's at school.
比利現(xiàn)在不在家，他在學(xué)校。（at+名詞的用法）
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．pull vt.,vi.
（1）拉，拖，牽，扯：
I felt someone pulling my arm.
我覺得有人在拉我的胳膊。
They pulled the heavy bag into a room.
他們把那個(gè)重袋子拖到一個(gè)房間里。
You have to pull hard.
你得用力拉。
（2）拔，抽：
You've pulled out the wrong teeth!
你拔錯(cuò)了牙！
He pulled an address book from his pocket.
他從口袋里抽出一本通訊錄。
2．nod
（1）vt.,vi. 點(diǎn)頭，點(diǎn)頭示意／招呼：
I asked him if he wanted to come and he nodded his head.
我問他是否想來，他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。
When we meet each other in the office, he always nods at me.
我們在辦公室見面時(shí)，他總是向我點(diǎn)頭打招呼。
（2）vi. 打盹，打瞌睡（常與off連用）：
He used to nod off during the French class.
他過去常在上法語課時(shí)打瞌睡。
As he was very tired, he nodded over his reading.
因?yàn)樗芾?，所以他一邊看書一邊打盹?