新概念英語第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀Lesson 27

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    Lesson 27 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.…the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.……孩子們在田野中央搭起了帳篷。
    in the middle of表示“在……當(dāng)中”、“在……中間”,既可以用于表示地理位置,又可以用于表示時間或在某個過程當(dāng)中:
    He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night.
    午夜前后,他聽到有人大聲叫喊。
    Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived.
    瑪麗的姑媽到達(dá)時,瑪麗正在讀書。
    in the centre of(在……中部/中央)則一般用于表示地理位置:
    Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia.
    艾利斯斯普林斯是澳大利亞中部的一個小鎮(zhèn)。
    2.…they cooked a meal over an open fire.……他們就在篝火上燒起了飯。
    open fire指無遮蓋的、沒有圍起來的火,如篝火、盆火等。
    3.…they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.……(他們)就圍在營火旁講起了故事,唱起了歌。介詞by表示“在……旁邊”、“靠近”,通常指距離非常近:Come and sit by me.
    過來靠我坐。
    There are many trees by the river.
    河邊有許多樹。
    4.But some time later it began to rain.但過了一陣子,天下起雨來。
    副詞 later表示“后來”、“以后”、“過后”:
    He told me he would come again later (on).
    他告訴我他以后會再來的。
    I met her again a few days later.
    幾天以后我又遇見了她。
    5.The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent! 那小溪彎彎曲曲穿過田野,然后正好從他們的帳篷底下流過去!
    (1)wind表示“曲折而行”時,既可以是及物動詞,又可以是不及物動詞:
    The car wound through the village.
    汽車曲曲折折地穿過村子。
    The river winds its way through this district.
    這條河彎彎曲曲地流經(jīng)這個地區(qū)。
    (2)right在此處表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“正好”、“恰恰”、“就”。這種用法多見于口語中:
    I met him right here.
    我就是在這里見到他的。
    He hit the man right on the nose.
    他正好打中那人的鼻子。
    語法 Grammar in use
    一般過去時(cf.第3課語法)
    在并列句中,各分句在時態(tài)上通常要保持一致。在敘述過去發(fā)生的事件時,動詞基本上都用一般過去時,但有時也會出現(xiàn)過去完成時和過去進(jìn)行時,它們的同時使用并不違反動詞的“一致原則”:
    They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field.
    他們?nèi)继鏊艿酵饷?。雨下得很大,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地上已經(jīng)形成了一條小溪。
    由于一般過去時常常表示過去某個特定的時間發(fā)生的事件,因此,它常與when,where等疑問詞連用。除了時間狀語可以表示特定的時間之外,地點狀語也可以暗示或包括特定的時間:
    Where did you last see her?
    你近在什么地方見過她?
    一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時在上下文中同時使用可以表示對比:
    He always enjoys meals.
    他吃飯時胃口總是很好。
    Oh,does he?He didn't enjoy meals yesterday.
    是嗎?他昨天的胃口可不好。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.smell
    (1)vt.嗅,聞:
    I love to smell flowers.
    我喜歡聞花。
    I'm smelling the fish to see if it's all right.
    我正在聞這條魚,看看它是否還新鮮。
    I (can) smell something burning.
    我(能)聞到什么東西燒焦的氣味。
    (2)vi.聞起來有……氣味,散發(fā)……氣味:
    This fish smells bad.
    這魚餿了。
    You smell of soap.
    你身上有肥皂味。
    (3)n.氣味:
    I can't stand the smell in this room.
    我受不了這房間里的氣味。
    There is a sweet smell in the air.
    空氣中有種芳香味。
    2.form
    (1)vi.形成,產(chǎn)生:
    During the conversation ,an idea formed in his mind.
    在談話的過程中,他有了一個主意。
    Ice forms when it is cold enough.
    如果冷到一定的程度,冰就會形成。
    (2)n.形狀,外形:
    The ice cream is made in the form of a ball.
    冰淇淋做成球形。
    I don't like the form of the cake.
    我不喜歡這蛋糕的形狀。
    (3)n.表格:
    If you want to enter for the competition, you must fill in these forms.
    如果你想報名參加比賽,你必須填寫這些表格。
    3.與put有關(guān)的短語動詞
    在第6課和第7課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了短語動詞。與put有關(guān)的短語動詞我們學(xué)過 put on和 put out:
    I'm putting on my coat.
    我正在穿衣服。
    …they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
    ……他們撲滅了篝火,鉆進(jìn)了帳篷。
    與put有關(guān)的動詞短語還有put up, put down, put off, put away等:
    (1)put up可以有“建造”、“搭建”、“為……提供膳宿”、“夜宿”等含義,而put up with則表示“容忍”、“忍受”:
    They put up their tent in the middle of a field.
    他們在田野中央搭起了帳篷。
    It's raining heavily. We must put them up tonight.
    雨下得很大。我們今晚必須為他們安排住宿。
    I can't believe that he can put up with this.
    我無法相信他能容忍這件事。
    (2) put down有“寫下”、“記錄下”的含義:
    Have you put down the boss's words?
    你記下老板的話了嗎?
    He's speaking too fast,I can't put them all down.
    他說話太快了。我無法全部記下。
    (3) put off可以表示“推遲”、“拖延”:
    Do your exercises now. Don't put them off until tomorrow.
    現(xiàn)在就做作業(yè)。別拖到明天。
    The meeting has been put off.
    會議推遲了。
    (4)put away可以表示“把……收起”、“放好”:
    Put these books away, please.
    請把這些書收起來。
    I have put away all my clothes.
    我把我所有的衣服都放好了。