Lesson 12 Banks and their customers
第12課 銀行和顧客
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money,
任何人在銀行開一個活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。
repayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
這筆錢他可以隨時提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。
Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--
銀行與儲戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。
who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
究竟誰是債務(wù)人誰是債權(quán)人，要看儲戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。
But, in addition to that basically simple concept,
除了這一基本的簡單的概念外，
the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
銀行和儲戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。
Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods,
其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問題和糾紛。
cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
但是儲戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來抱怨法律對自己不利。
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
銀行必須遵照儲戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。
When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.
比如，儲戶首次在銀行開戶時，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來提取。
He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule
他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：
that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque
銀行沒有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲戶的錢讓偽造儲戶的支票取走。
on which its customer's signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one:
即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，
the bank must recognize its customer's signature.
因為銀行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲戶的簽名。
For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.
因此，某些銀行已采用把儲戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對儲戶毫無風(fēng)險。
If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲戶，而是銀行。
第12課 銀行和顧客
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money,
任何人在銀行開一個活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。
repayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
這筆錢他可以隨時提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。
Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--
銀行與儲戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。
who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
究竟誰是債務(wù)人誰是債權(quán)人，要看儲戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。
But, in addition to that basically simple concept,
除了這一基本的簡單的概念外，
the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
銀行和儲戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。
Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods,
其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問題和糾紛。
cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
但是儲戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來抱怨法律對自己不利。
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
銀行必須遵照儲戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。
When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.
比如，儲戶首次在銀行開戶時，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來提取。
He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule
他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：
that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque
銀行沒有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲戶的錢讓偽造儲戶的支票取走。
on which its customer's signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one:
即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，
the bank must recognize its customer's signature.
因為銀行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲戶的簽名。
For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.
因此，某些銀行已采用把儲戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對儲戶毫無風(fēng)險。
If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲戶，而是銀行。