從解題方法上來(lái)講，也就是要用選項(xiàng)精準(zhǔn)“定位”，逐一排除。今天我們要講的不是排除題的解題技巧，我們要通過(guò)一道排除題來(lái)看看E(yi)T(tuo)S(shi)在設(shè)計(jì)選項(xiàng)上的高明之處。
我們一起來(lái)看一下TPO12的第一篇文章“which hand did they use”的第五題：
Paragraph 1: We all know that many morepeople today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same patternfar back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-handdominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australiaand elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When aleft hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed,and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one canassume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to makethe assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciledpalm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.Of 158stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, andonly 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Paragraph 2: Cave art furnishes othertypes of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are bestlit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generallyprefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their handdoes not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases wherean Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though notalways, in the right hand.
Allof the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence ofright-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT
○ the ideal source of lightingfor most engravings
○ the fact that a left handstenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
○ the prevalence of outlines ofleft hands
○ figures in prehistoric artholding objects with the right hand
給大家2分鐘完成這道題目(因?yàn)榕懦}耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，平均時(shí)間是2-3分鐘，可以通過(guò)壓縮詞匯題時(shí)間來(lái)達(dá)到平衡，所以大家不要因?yàn)楹臅r(shí)長(zhǎng)而驚慌!)
Paragraph1: We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed.Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidenceabout right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and printsfound in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves inFrance, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this impliesthat the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint wasoften sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted inthe operation. One also has to make the assumption thathands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might ofcourse look as if it were a right hand. Of 158stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, andonly 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Paragraph2: Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon.Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, asbefits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the lightsource on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip ofthe engraving tool or brush. Inthe few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it ismostly, though not always, in the right hand.
Allof the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT
○the ideal source of lightingfor most engravings
○the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upwardmight look like a right hand
○the prevalence of outlines of left hands
○figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand
我將每個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的原文分別標(biāo)出應(yīng)有的顏色，童鞋們可以看到每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有對(duì)應(yīng)，那么說(shuō)明有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)的，那是哪一個(gè)呢?
先掃一下核心詞匯：
ideala.理想的;lighting照明;stencil v.用模板畫;palm n.手掌;prevalence n.普遍;figure n人物;
選項(xiàng)—原文對(duì)照：
○ the idealsource of lighting for most engravings
Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befitsthe work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light sourceon the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of theengraving tool or brush.
○ the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palmdownward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were aright hand.
○ the prevalence of outlinesof left hands
Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have beenidentified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was thereforeheavily predominant.
○ figuresin prehistoric art holding objects with theright hand
In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holdingsomething, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
這是童鞋們肯定非常猶豫和困惑，所有的選項(xiàng)都是一樣的對(duì)應(yīng)啊!沒(méi)有一個(gè)是錯(cuò)的!其實(shí)答案的突破點(diǎn)在這里：
○ the fact that a left handstenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
One also has to make the assumptionthat hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward mightof course look as if it were a right hand.
原文是assumption，選項(xiàng)是fact，假設(shè)≠事實(shí)，所以答案選B;這種情況在閱讀當(dāng)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
長(zhǎng)難句分析：
1. Mostengravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as[定語(yǔ)從句，as引導(dǎo)修飾前面整句話] befits the work of right-handed artists, who[定語(yǔ)從句，who引導(dǎo)修飾artists] generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.
核心詞匯：
engraving n.雕刻物;
light-lit-lit v照亮;
befitv.適合于;
so that因此;
tip n.尖端;
語(yǔ)法分析：
as做定語(yǔ)修飾前面整句話，who做定語(yǔ)修飾前面名詞artists。
翻譯：大多數(shù)的雕刻物從左邊照，這樣適合右撇子藝術(shù)家工作，他們更喜歡燈光在左邊，因此他們手的影子不會(huì)落到雕刻工具或者刷子的筆尖上。
注意：as和which一樣，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，可以修飾前面整句話;
例子：As everybody knows, Taiwan belongs to China.
As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.
2.One also has to make the assumption that[定語(yǔ)從句，who引導(dǎo)修飾artists] hands were stenciled palm downward—[破折號(hào)同位語(yǔ)，解釋同位語(yǔ)
] a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.
翻譯：人們做出推測(cè)：左手做模具，手掌向下，畫出左手;左手做模具，手掌向上，似乎畫出右手。
語(yǔ)法分析：
that同位語(yǔ)從句解釋assumption
注意：
這里的one可以代指people，而不是一個(gè)人。
背景知識(shí)拓展：
畫畫的人只有兩只手，右撇子畫家，右手作畫，左手當(dāng)做模具，如果要在painting上畫出左手的樣子，手掌向下就可以，如果要畫出右手的樣子，左手向上就可以了。有時(shí)候讀文章，適當(dāng)?shù)募尤氤ＷR(shí)和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)想象，做題正確概率要高很多。
我們一起來(lái)看一下TPO12的第一篇文章“which hand did they use”的第五題：
Paragraph 1: We all know that many morepeople today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same patternfar back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-handdominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australiaand elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When aleft hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed,and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one canassume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to makethe assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciledpalm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.Of 158stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, andonly 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Paragraph 2: Cave art furnishes othertypes of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are bestlit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generallyprefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their handdoes not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases wherean Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though notalways, in the right hand.
Allof the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence ofright-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT
○ the ideal source of lightingfor most engravings
○ the fact that a left handstenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
○ the prevalence of outlines ofleft hands
○ figures in prehistoric artholding objects with the right hand
給大家2分鐘完成這道題目(因?yàn)榕懦}耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，平均時(shí)間是2-3分鐘，可以通過(guò)壓縮詞匯題時(shí)間來(lái)達(dá)到平衡，所以大家不要因?yàn)楹臅r(shí)長(zhǎng)而驚慌!)
Paragraph1: We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed.Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidenceabout right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and printsfound in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves inFrance, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this impliesthat the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint wasoften sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted inthe operation. One also has to make the assumption thathands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might ofcourse look as if it were a right hand. Of 158stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, andonly 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Paragraph2: Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon.Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, asbefits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the lightsource on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip ofthe engraving tool or brush. Inthe few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it ismostly, though not always, in the right hand.
Allof the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT
○the ideal source of lightingfor most engravings
○the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upwardmight look like a right hand
○the prevalence of outlines of left hands
○figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand
我將每個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的原文分別標(biāo)出應(yīng)有的顏色，童鞋們可以看到每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有對(duì)應(yīng)，那么說(shuō)明有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)的，那是哪一個(gè)呢?
先掃一下核心詞匯：
ideala.理想的;lighting照明;stencil v.用模板畫;palm n.手掌;prevalence n.普遍;figure n人物;
選項(xiàng)—原文對(duì)照：
○ the idealsource of lighting for most engravings
Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befitsthe work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light sourceon the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of theengraving tool or brush.
○ the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palmdownward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were aright hand.
○ the prevalence of outlinesof left hands
Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have beenidentified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was thereforeheavily predominant.
○ figuresin prehistoric art holding objects with theright hand
In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holdingsomething, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
這是童鞋們肯定非常猶豫和困惑，所有的選項(xiàng)都是一樣的對(duì)應(yīng)啊!沒(méi)有一個(gè)是錯(cuò)的!其實(shí)答案的突破點(diǎn)在這里：
○ the fact that a left handstenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
One also has to make the assumptionthat hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward mightof course look as if it were a right hand.
原文是assumption，選項(xiàng)是fact，假設(shè)≠事實(shí)，所以答案選B;這種情況在閱讀當(dāng)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
長(zhǎng)難句分析：
1. Mostengravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as[定語(yǔ)從句，as引導(dǎo)修飾前面整句話] befits the work of right-handed artists, who[定語(yǔ)從句，who引導(dǎo)修飾artists] generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.
核心詞匯：
engraving n.雕刻物;
light-lit-lit v照亮;
befitv.適合于;
so that因此;
tip n.尖端;
語(yǔ)法分析：
as做定語(yǔ)修飾前面整句話，who做定語(yǔ)修飾前面名詞artists。
翻譯：大多數(shù)的雕刻物從左邊照，這樣適合右撇子藝術(shù)家工作，他們更喜歡燈光在左邊，因此他們手的影子不會(huì)落到雕刻工具或者刷子的筆尖上。
注意：as和which一樣，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，可以修飾前面整句話;
例子：As everybody knows, Taiwan belongs to China.
As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.
2.One also has to make the assumption that[定語(yǔ)從句，who引導(dǎo)修飾artists] hands were stenciled palm downward—[破折號(hào)同位語(yǔ)，解釋同位語(yǔ)
] a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.
翻譯：人們做出推測(cè)：左手做模具，手掌向下，畫出左手;左手做模具，手掌向上，似乎畫出右手。
語(yǔ)法分析：
that同位語(yǔ)從句解釋assumption
注意：
這里的one可以代指people，而不是一個(gè)人。
背景知識(shí)拓展：
畫畫的人只有兩只手，右撇子畫家，右手作畫，左手當(dāng)做模具，如果要在painting上畫出左手的樣子，手掌向下就可以，如果要畫出右手的樣子，左手向上就可以了。有時(shí)候讀文章，適當(dāng)?shù)募尤氤ＷR(shí)和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)想象，做題正確概率要高很多。