新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons20

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.I often fish for hours without catching anything. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時(shí)卻一無(wú)所獲。
    without 通常表示“缺乏”、“沒(méi)有”:
    I can't repair the car without your help.
    沒(méi)有你的幫助我無(wú)法修理這車(chē)。
    當(dāng)它位于動(dòng)名詞前時(shí),它表示“不曾”、“不”:
    They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
    他們企圖不付賬就離開(kāi)餐館。
    John left the room without telling anyone.
    約翰離開(kāi)房間時(shí)不曾告訴任何人。
    2.Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 他們往往魚(yú)釣不到,卻釣上來(lái)些舊靴子和垃圾。
    instead有“作為替代”、“反而”等含義,一般以短語(yǔ)形式instead of出現(xiàn):
    Jack took part in the race instead of Tony.
    杰克代替托尼參加了比賽。
    Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
    他沒(méi)有買(mǎi)糖,而是買(mǎi)了些鹽。
    副詞instead單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在句尾:
    If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?
    如果你不想在英國(guó)度假,那你為什么不去澳大利亞呢?
    3.I am even less lucky. 我的運(yùn)氣甚至還不及他們。
    less是little的比較級(jí),意為“不及”、“不如”、“更少”:
    Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.
    湯姆只有一點(diǎn)兒巧克力,杰克則更少。
    I spend less time on English than on French.
    我花在英語(yǔ)上的時(shí)間比花在法語(yǔ)上的少。
    (cf. 第8課語(yǔ)法)
    4.…I always go home with an empty bag. ……然后空著袋子回家。
    with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“隨身帶著……”等:
    Who's the man with the umbrella?
    那個(gè)帶傘的男人是誰(shuí)?
    Who's the man with the beard?
    那個(gè)留胡子的男人是誰(shuí)?
    Who's the woman with the little boy?
    帶著那個(gè)小男孩的女人是誰(shuí)?
    5.I'm not really interested in fishing. 我并不是真的對(duì)釣魚(yú)有興趣。
    表示“對(duì)……感興趣”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:
    Tim is only interested in food.
    蒂姆只對(duì)食物感興趣。
    I'm interested in collecting stamps.
    我對(duì)集郵有興趣。
    語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
    動(dòng)名詞(The Gerund)(1)
    動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式完全一樣,都是由動(dòng)詞+-ing構(gòu)成。-ing 形式作名詞時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞。從廣義上講,動(dòng)名詞可以代替名詞,盡管它像動(dòng)詞一樣可帶賓語(yǔ)。像名詞一樣,它可以作主語(yǔ):
    Dancing is fun. I love it.
    跳舞有意思,我喜歡跳舞。
    Walking quickly is difficult.
    走快是很難的。(動(dòng)名詞+副詞作主語(yǔ))
    Washing the car makes him dirty.
    擦洗汽車(chē)把他身上弄臟了。(動(dòng)名詞+賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))
    動(dòng)名詞也可以作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ):
    Mary is keen on cooking.
    瑪麗熱衷于烹調(diào)。(介詞賓語(yǔ))
    Congratulations on passing your exams!
    祝賀你通過(guò)考試!
    可以帶動(dòng)名詞的介詞通常有 before,after,instead of,without 等。用介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以將兩個(gè)短句合為一句話,或者將一個(gè)從句變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not:
    Tom always knocks before entering a room.
    湯姆在走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間前總要敲門(mén)。
    He apologized for not writing to you.
    他為沒(méi)給你寫(xiě)信而表示道歉。
    動(dòng)名詞也可以用表示完成時(shí)的 having +過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu):
    You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
    在沒(méi)有付賬之前你不能離開(kāi)飯店。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.catch vt.
    (1)捉住,逮住,捕獲:
    The police have caught the thief.
    警察已逮住那個(gè)小偷。
    Have you caught any fish today?
    你今天釣到魚(yú)了嗎?
    (2)抓住,握?。?BR>    Tom caught the thief by the arm.
    湯姆抓住小偷的胳膊。
    Can you catch the ball?
    你能接住球嗎?
    (3)及時(shí)趕到,趕上:
    I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
    我想趕8點(diǎn)19分的火車(chē)去倫敦。
    2.realize vt.
    (1)實(shí)現(xiàn)(希望、目標(biāo)、愿望等):
    She has realized her hope to be an actress.
    她實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己當(dāng)一名演員的愿望。
    (2)使變?yōu)槭聦?shí),使發(fā)生(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)):
    This plan can never be realized.
    這個(gè)計(jì)劃永遠(yuǎn)不可能變成事實(shí)。
    (3)認(rèn)識(shí),知道,明白,意識(shí)到:
    I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
    我無(wú)意中走錯(cuò)了房間。
    I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.
    我希望你明白你已經(jīng)犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
    realize 和understand表示這個(gè)意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換,有時(shí)則不可以。在上面的例句中,第1句不可用 understand,第2句則可以。又如:
    I an did not understand English.
    伊恩不懂英語(yǔ)。(不可用 realize)
    3.interested與interesting
    大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過(guò)去分詞都可以作形容詞用。常見(jiàn)的以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的成對(duì)的形容詞有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱主語(yǔ)連用,表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)、喜好等;以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱主語(yǔ)連用,表明事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等:
    This story is exciting.
    這故事激動(dòng)人心。
    I am excited by the story.
    我因這故事而興奮。
    It was an exciting finish.
    (比賽的)結(jié)尾激動(dòng)人心。
    Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
    薩莉非常激動(dòng),因?yàn)樗龔奈闯诉^(guò)火車(chē)。
    The play was very interesting.
    戲很有意思。
    Are you interested in plays?
    你對(duì)戲劇有興趣嗎?
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing… sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)
    C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
    2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
    3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.
    4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted.
    5 Think carefully before answering my question.
    6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    1realized 2It's…understand…its 3exciting 4interesting 5exciting 6interested
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1b 2c 3b 4b 5c 6b
    7c 8a 9c 10c 11d 12a