一、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)類
1.規(guī)則變化:
(1)一般情況加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
(2)以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes
(3)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，無生命的名詞多加-s，有生命的名詞多加-es。
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞, 變y為i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為v加-es。如: leaf→leaves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves，wife→ wives等。
2.不規(guī)則變化的名詞要熟記：
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet，tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, people→people,
sheep→ sheep, Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese，deer→deer
二、動詞/名詞變形容詞類
1.在動詞后加后綴-ful
如：care→careful ，use→useful;
thank→thankful，help→helpful;
wonder→wonderful，forget→forgetful
2.在名詞后加-y
如：luck→lucky， cloud→cloudy;
wind→windy， rain→rainy;
sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy，health→healthy
3.在名詞后加-ly
如：friend→friendly，love→lovely，day→daily
4.方位名詞加-ern
如：east→eastern，west→western
south→southern，north→northern
三、形容詞加后綴變成名詞
1.形容詞加-ty變成名詞
如：safe→safety，difficult→difficulty
2.形容詞加-th變成名詞
如：true→truth，warm→warmth，young→youth
四、形容詞變副詞類
形容詞修飾名詞、代詞等作定語或表語;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語。
1.一般形容詞詞尾加-ly變成副詞，
如：slow→slowly， clear→clearly
quick→quickly， quiet→quietly
careful→carefully， sudden→suddenly
real→really， polite→politely
safe→safely，wide→widely
2.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，要變y為i加-ly
如：easy→easily，happy→happily
heavy→heavily， lucky→luckily
busy→busily，angry→angrily;
3.以元音字母+e結(jié)尾，去e加-ly
如：true→truly
4.以輔音字母加-le結(jié)尾，去e加-y
如：terrible→terriblypossible→possibly
5.形容詞與副詞同形
如：fast→fast，early→early，high→high，hard→hard
6.注意：hard作形容詞時意思是“困難的;硬的;生硬的”等;作副詞時意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副詞，意思是“幾乎不”。
五、動詞變名詞類
1.動詞加-er變成名詞
如：work→workerfarm→farmerteach→teacher
sing→singerspeak→speakerplay→player
read→readerdrive→driverwrite→writer
ride→riderdance→dancer run→runner
win→winner cook→cooker travel→traveler
2.動詞加-or 變成名詞
如：visit→visitor，invent→inventor，conduct→conductor，act→ actor
六、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞類：
主要掌握好1---12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23這幾個序數(shù)詞的形式：
one→first twenty→twentieth
two→ second thirty →thirtieth
three→third forty →fortieth
four→ fourth fifty →fiftieth
five → fifth sixty →sixtieth
six→ sixth seventy →seventieth
seven→ seventh eighty →eightieth
eight→ eighth ninety →ninetieth
nine→ninth
ten→ tenth
eleven→ eleventh
twelve→twelfth
twenty-one →twenty-first
twenty-two →twenty-second
twenty-three →twenty-third
七、形容詞與副詞的原級、比較級和級類
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級、級構(gòu)成
部分雙音節(jié)詞或以形容詞加-ly變成的副詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前加more, most 變成比較級和級。
如：interesting → more interesting，→ most interesting
beautiful → more beautiful，→ most beautiful
slowly → more slowly，→ most slowly
quickly → more quickly，→ most quickly
不規(guī)則變化：
good→better→best well→better→best
many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further → farthest/furthest
ill → worse → worst
bad/badly → worse → worst
old → older/elder → oldest/eldest
2.原級： as+adj./adv.+ as … (肯定)
“和 ……一樣……”，
not as / so+adj./adv.+as …(否定)
“和 ……不一樣……” “…… 不如……”
八、常見的反義詞：
1.動詞
buy — selltake — bring
remember — forget die — live
love — hate rise — fall
ask — answer start — finish
miss — catch pull — push
go — come end — borrow
2.形容詞
little — much short — tall / long
free — busy full — empty
few — many good — bad
white — blackcareful—careless
dead — living cheap — expensive
clean — dirty easy — difficult
wet — dry same — different
open — closed strong —weak
light— heavy
1.規(guī)則變化:
(1)一般情況加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
(2)以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes
(3)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，無生命的名詞多加-s，有生命的名詞多加-es。
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞, 變y為i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為v加-es。如: leaf→leaves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves，wife→ wives等。
2.不規(guī)則變化的名詞要熟記：
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet，tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, people→people,
sheep→ sheep, Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese，deer→deer
二、動詞/名詞變形容詞類
1.在動詞后加后綴-ful
如：care→careful ，use→useful;
thank→thankful，help→helpful;
wonder→wonderful，forget→forgetful
2.在名詞后加-y
如：luck→lucky， cloud→cloudy;
wind→windy， rain→rainy;
sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy，health→healthy
3.在名詞后加-ly
如：friend→friendly，love→lovely，day→daily
4.方位名詞加-ern
如：east→eastern，west→western
south→southern，north→northern
三、形容詞加后綴變成名詞
1.形容詞加-ty變成名詞
如：safe→safety，difficult→difficulty
2.形容詞加-th變成名詞
如：true→truth，warm→warmth，young→youth
四、形容詞變副詞類
形容詞修飾名詞、代詞等作定語或表語;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語。
1.一般形容詞詞尾加-ly變成副詞，
如：slow→slowly， clear→clearly
quick→quickly， quiet→quietly
careful→carefully， sudden→suddenly
real→really， polite→politely
safe→safely，wide→widely
2.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，要變y為i加-ly
如：easy→easily，happy→happily
heavy→heavily， lucky→luckily
busy→busily，angry→angrily;
3.以元音字母+e結(jié)尾，去e加-ly
如：true→truly
4.以輔音字母加-le結(jié)尾，去e加-y
如：terrible→terriblypossible→possibly
5.形容詞與副詞同形
如：fast→fast，early→early，high→high，hard→hard
6.注意：hard作形容詞時意思是“困難的;硬的;生硬的”等;作副詞時意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副詞，意思是“幾乎不”。
五、動詞變名詞類
1.動詞加-er變成名詞
如：work→workerfarm→farmerteach→teacher
sing→singerspeak→speakerplay→player
read→readerdrive→driverwrite→writer
ride→riderdance→dancer run→runner
win→winner cook→cooker travel→traveler
2.動詞加-or 變成名詞
如：visit→visitor，invent→inventor，conduct→conductor，act→ actor
六、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞類：
主要掌握好1---12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23這幾個序數(shù)詞的形式：
one→first twenty→twentieth
two→ second thirty →thirtieth
three→third forty →fortieth
four→ fourth fifty →fiftieth
five → fifth sixty →sixtieth
six→ sixth seventy →seventieth
seven→ seventh eighty →eightieth
eight→ eighth ninety →ninetieth
nine→ninth
ten→ tenth
eleven→ eleventh
twelve→twelfth
twenty-one →twenty-first
twenty-two →twenty-second
twenty-three →twenty-third
七、形容詞與副詞的原級、比較級和級類
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級、級構(gòu)成
部分雙音節(jié)詞或以形容詞加-ly變成的副詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前加more, most 變成比較級和級。
如：interesting → more interesting，→ most interesting
beautiful → more beautiful，→ most beautiful
slowly → more slowly，→ most slowly
quickly → more quickly，→ most quickly
不規(guī)則變化：
good→better→best well→better→best
many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further → farthest/furthest
ill → worse → worst
bad/badly → worse → worst
old → older/elder → oldest/eldest
2.原級： as+adj./adv.+ as … (肯定)
“和 ……一樣……”，
not as / so+adj./adv.+as …(否定)
“和 ……不一樣……” “…… 不如……”
八、常見的反義詞：
1.動詞
buy — selltake — bring
remember — forget die — live
love — hate rise — fall
ask — answer start — finish
miss — catch pull — push
go — come end — borrow
2.形容詞
little — much short — tall / long
free — busy full — empty
few — many good — bad
white — blackcareful—careless
dead — living cheap — expensive
clean — dirty easy — difficult
wet — dry same — different
open — closed strong —weak
light— heavy