>13 Skyscrapers2 and Environment
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed3 out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish4 consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper1 office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts5 -- enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful6. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry7 wall filled with insulation8 board. To lessen9 the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation10 facilities, too. If fully11 occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year -- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.
摩天大樓與環(huán)境
60年代后期，許多北美人把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了環(huán)境問題，那些嶄新的玻璃鋼摩天大樓受到了廣泛的批評(píng)。 生態(tài)學(xué)家指出，城市中密集的高層建筑經(jīng)常給公共交通與停車場(chǎng)的承載能力造成過重的負(fù)擔(dān)。摩天大樓還是電能的過度消費(fèi)者與浪費(fèi)者。 最近的某一年，紐約市摩天寫字樓1，700萬英尺辦公面積的增加使電能的日需求量提高了120，000千瓦。 這些電能足以供紐約的整個(gè)奧爾巴尼市使用一天。玻璃表面的摩天大樓特別地浪費(fèi)。 通過半英寸的平板玻璃墻壁損失(或增加)的熱量是典型的加入絕緣板的石墻所允許的熱量損失(或增加)的十倍以上。 為了減輕取暖設(shè)備或空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力，摩天大樓的建造者們已經(jīng)開始使用雙面上釉的玻璃鑲板和涂上了金色或銀色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，來減少?gòu)?qiáng)光照射和熱量的增加；但是，鏡面的摩天大樓會(huì)提高周圍空氣的溫度并會(huì)對(duì)附近的建筑物產(chǎn)生影響。摩天大樓也對(duì)城市的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施造成了沉重的壓力。 單單紐約市的二個(gè)世界貿(mào)易中心大樓如果完全被占滿的話，每年就會(huì)產(chǎn)生2，250，000加侖的污水。 這相當(dāng)于康涅狄格州的斯坦福市這樣大的城市一年所產(chǎn)生的污水量，而康州的斯坦福市擁有109，000人口。
1 skyscraper
n.摩天大樓
參考例句：
The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大樓高聳入云。
The skyscraper was wrapped in fog.摩天樓為霧所籠罩。
2 skyscrapers
n.摩天大樓
參考例句：
A lot of skyscrapers in Manhattan are rising up to the skies. 曼哈頓有許多摩天大樓聳入云霄。
On all sides, skyscrapers rose like jagged teeth. 四周聳起的摩天大樓參差不齊。
3 pointed
adj.尖的，直截了當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 參考例句：
He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他給我一支削得非常尖的鉛筆。
She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通過對(duì)達(dá)茨伍德夫人提出直截了當(dāng)?shù)难?qǐng)向她的哥哥表示出來。
4 lavish
adj.無節(jié)制的；浪費(fèi)的；vt.慷慨地給予，揮霍
參考例句：
He despised people who were lavish with their praises.他看不起那些阿諛奉承的人。
The sets and costumes are lavish.布景和服裝極盡奢華。
5 kilowatts
千瓦( kilowatt的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
It's about 500 kilowatts per hour on average. 年用電量平均為每小時(shí)500千瓦。 來自商貿(mào)英語(yǔ)會(huì)話
We have an emergency-standby electric generator with a capacity of 300 kilowatts. 我們有一臺(tái)三百千瓦的事故備用發(fā)電機(jī)。
6 wasteful
adj.（造成）浪費(fèi)的，揮霍的
參考例句：
It is a shame to be so wasteful.這樣浪費(fèi)太可惜了。
Duties have been reassigned to avoid wasteful duplication of work.為避免重復(fù)勞動(dòng)浪費(fèi)資源，任務(wù)已經(jīng)重新分派。
7 masonry
n.磚土建筑；磚石
參考例句：
Masonry is a careful skill.磚石工藝是一種精心的技藝。
The masonry of the old building began to crumble.舊樓房的磚石結(jié)構(gòu)開始崩落。
8 insulation
n.隔離；絕緣；隔熱
參考例句：
Please examine the insulation of the electric wires in my house.請(qǐng)檢查一下我屋子里電線的絕緣情況。
It is always difficult to assure good insulation between the electric leads.要保證兩個(gè)電觸頭之間有良好的絕緣總是很困難的。
9 lessen
vt.減少，減輕；縮小
參考例句：
Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于減輕痛感。
They've made great effort to lessen the noise of planes.他們盡力減小飛機(jī)的噪音。
10 sanitation
n.公共衛(wèi)生，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備
參考例句：
The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.從衛(wèi)生角度來看，這個(gè)地段非常糟糕。
Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.許多疾病都來源于不健全的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。
11 fully
adv.完全地，全部地，徹底地；充分地
參考例句：
The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.醫(yī)生讓我先吸氣，然后全部呼出。
They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他們很快就完全融入了當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜ψ印?
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed3 out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish4 consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper1 office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts5 -- enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful6. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry7 wall filled with insulation8 board. To lessen9 the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation10 facilities, too. If fully11 occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year -- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.
摩天大樓與環(huán)境
60年代后期，許多北美人把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了環(huán)境問題，那些嶄新的玻璃鋼摩天大樓受到了廣泛的批評(píng)。 生態(tài)學(xué)家指出，城市中密集的高層建筑經(jīng)常給公共交通與停車場(chǎng)的承載能力造成過重的負(fù)擔(dān)。摩天大樓還是電能的過度消費(fèi)者與浪費(fèi)者。 最近的某一年，紐約市摩天寫字樓1，700萬英尺辦公面積的增加使電能的日需求量提高了120，000千瓦。 這些電能足以供紐約的整個(gè)奧爾巴尼市使用一天。玻璃表面的摩天大樓特別地浪費(fèi)。 通過半英寸的平板玻璃墻壁損失(或增加)的熱量是典型的加入絕緣板的石墻所允許的熱量損失(或增加)的十倍以上。 為了減輕取暖設(shè)備或空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力，摩天大樓的建造者們已經(jīng)開始使用雙面上釉的玻璃鑲板和涂上了金色或銀色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，來減少?gòu)?qiáng)光照射和熱量的增加；但是，鏡面的摩天大樓會(huì)提高周圍空氣的溫度并會(huì)對(duì)附近的建筑物產(chǎn)生影響。摩天大樓也對(duì)城市的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施造成了沉重的壓力。 單單紐約市的二個(gè)世界貿(mào)易中心大樓如果完全被占滿的話，每年就會(huì)產(chǎn)生2，250，000加侖的污水。 這相當(dāng)于康涅狄格州的斯坦福市這樣大的城市一年所產(chǎn)生的污水量，而康州的斯坦福市擁有109，000人口。
1 skyscraper
n.摩天大樓
參考例句：
The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大樓高聳入云。
The skyscraper was wrapped in fog.摩天樓為霧所籠罩。
2 skyscrapers
n.摩天大樓
參考例句：
A lot of skyscrapers in Manhattan are rising up to the skies. 曼哈頓有許多摩天大樓聳入云霄。
On all sides, skyscrapers rose like jagged teeth. 四周聳起的摩天大樓參差不齊。
3 pointed
adj.尖的，直截了當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 參考例句：
He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他給我一支削得非常尖的鉛筆。
She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通過對(duì)達(dá)茨伍德夫人提出直截了當(dāng)?shù)难?qǐng)向她的哥哥表示出來。
4 lavish
adj.無節(jié)制的；浪費(fèi)的；vt.慷慨地給予，揮霍
參考例句：
He despised people who were lavish with their praises.他看不起那些阿諛奉承的人。
The sets and costumes are lavish.布景和服裝極盡奢華。
5 kilowatts
千瓦( kilowatt的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
It's about 500 kilowatts per hour on average. 年用電量平均為每小時(shí)500千瓦。 來自商貿(mào)英語(yǔ)會(huì)話
We have an emergency-standby electric generator with a capacity of 300 kilowatts. 我們有一臺(tái)三百千瓦的事故備用發(fā)電機(jī)。
6 wasteful
adj.（造成）浪費(fèi)的，揮霍的
參考例句：
It is a shame to be so wasteful.這樣浪費(fèi)太可惜了。
Duties have been reassigned to avoid wasteful duplication of work.為避免重復(fù)勞動(dòng)浪費(fèi)資源，任務(wù)已經(jīng)重新分派。
7 masonry
n.磚土建筑；磚石
參考例句：
Masonry is a careful skill.磚石工藝是一種精心的技藝。
The masonry of the old building began to crumble.舊樓房的磚石結(jié)構(gòu)開始崩落。
8 insulation
n.隔離；絕緣；隔熱
參考例句：
Please examine the insulation of the electric wires in my house.請(qǐng)檢查一下我屋子里電線的絕緣情況。
It is always difficult to assure good insulation between the electric leads.要保證兩個(gè)電觸頭之間有良好的絕緣總是很困難的。
9 lessen
vt.減少，減輕；縮小
參考例句：
Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于減輕痛感。
They've made great effort to lessen the noise of planes.他們盡力減小飛機(jī)的噪音。
10 sanitation
n.公共衛(wèi)生，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備
參考例句：
The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.從衛(wèi)生角度來看，這個(gè)地段非常糟糕。
Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.許多疾病都來源于不健全的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。
11 fully
adv.完全地，全部地，徹底地；充分地
參考例句：
The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.醫(yī)生讓我先吸氣，然后全部呼出。
They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他們很快就完全融入了當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜ψ印?