44.Obtaining Fresh water from icebergs1
The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid2 regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow3 its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.
Glaciers4 are a possible source of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental5 shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes, rather, they are formed entirely6 on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To corral them and steer7 them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult.
The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling8 of fresh water to shore in great volume. But even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalinization, or removing salt from water.
從冰山中獲取淡水把冰山拖到世界上人口稠密的地區(qū)和干旱地帶，再?gòu)闹蝎@取淡水，這個(gè)想法曾一度被認(rèn)
為是一個(gè)笑話，更適合于卡通畫，而非現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。然而現(xiàn)在，許多國(guó)家正相當(dāng)認(rèn)真地考慮這件事情，特別是在科學(xué)家們發(fā)出警告之后。
科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人類將在耗盡糧食之前首先耗盡淡水資源。冰川是一個(gè)直到最近以前一直被忽視的可能的淡水源。全球四分之三的淡水還鎖在冰川的冰塊中。
冰川就是一個(gè)蓄水池，其中未開發(fā)的淡水量是如此巨大，足夠支持全世界的江河1000年。每年有7，659萬(wàn)億公噸冰漂流在海洋中。
它們包含在10，000座從極地冰帽中斷裂出來(lái)的冰山中。這些冰山的90%以上來(lái)自南極。一年四季里，覆蓋
在淺層大陸架上的巨大冰川生成了眾多冰山。冰山和海水的冰不同，后者是海水自身結(jié)冰形成的，而冰山則完全是在陸地上形成的。
當(dāng)冰川伸展到海水中時(shí)，冰山就斷裂下來(lái)。當(dāng)漂離極地地區(qū)時(shí)，冰山有時(shí)會(huì)在底層洋流的推動(dòng)下頗為神秘地逆風(fēng)移動(dòng)。由于冰山比小塊
的冰融化要慢，因此有的冰山在大西洋中向北飄到了赤道以南35°的地方。把冰山蓄攔起來(lái)并拖到世界上需要它們的地方將不會(huì)太困難。
有困難的是其它的技術(shù)事宜。比如，如何防止冰山在較暖的氣候中迅速融化以及如何把大量的淡水收集到岸上去。但是，即便在拖
的過(guò)程中冰山失去了一半體積，這樣做也遠(yuǎn)比從海水中脫鹽取得淡水便宜。
1 icebergs
n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
The drift of the icebergs in the sea endangers the ships. 海上冰山的漂流危及船只的安全。 來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
The icebergs towered above them. 冰山高聳于他們上方。 來(lái)自辭典例句
2 arid
adj.干旱的；(土地)貧瘠的
參考例句：
These trees will shield off arid winds and protect the fields.這些樹能擋住旱風(fēng),保護(hù)農(nóng)田。
There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地帶存在嚴(yán)重的土地退化問(wèn)題。
3 outgrow
vt.長(zhǎng)大得使…不再適用；成長(zhǎng)得不再要
參考例句：
The little girl will outgrow her fear of pet animals.小女孩慢慢長(zhǎng)大后就不會(huì)在怕寵物了。
Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit.夢(mèng)游的孩子通常在長(zhǎng)大后這個(gè)習(xí)慣自然消失。
4 glaciers
冰河，冰川( glacier的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地帶沖出一條條山谷。
It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀麗的山峰。 來(lái)自英語(yǔ)晨讀30分（高一）
5 continental
adj.大陸的，大陸性的，歐洲大陸的
參考例句：
A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陸性氣候不同于島嶼氣候。
The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陸地殼最古老的部分有40億年歷史。
6 entirely
ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，徹底地
參考例句：
The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那場(chǎng)火災(zāi)完全是由于他們失職而引起的。
His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)獻(xiàn)給了教育工作。
7 steer
vt.駕駛，為…操舵；引導(dǎo)；vi.駕駛
參考例句：
If you push the car, I'll steer it.如果你來(lái)推車，我就來(lái)駕車。
It's no use trying to steer the boy into a course of action that suits you.想說(shuō)服這孩子按你的方式行事是徒勞的。
8 funneling
[醫(yī)]成漏斗形：描述膀胱底及膀胱尿道交接區(qū)
The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid2 regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow3 its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.
Glaciers4 are a possible source of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental5 shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes, rather, they are formed entirely6 on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To corral them and steer7 them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult.
The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling8 of fresh water to shore in great volume. But even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalinization, or removing salt from water.
從冰山中獲取淡水把冰山拖到世界上人口稠密的地區(qū)和干旱地帶，再?gòu)闹蝎@取淡水，這個(gè)想法曾一度被認(rèn)
為是一個(gè)笑話，更適合于卡通畫，而非現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。然而現(xiàn)在，許多國(guó)家正相當(dāng)認(rèn)真地考慮這件事情，特別是在科學(xué)家們發(fā)出警告之后。
科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人類將在耗盡糧食之前首先耗盡淡水資源。冰川是一個(gè)直到最近以前一直被忽視的可能的淡水源。全球四分之三的淡水還鎖在冰川的冰塊中。
冰川就是一個(gè)蓄水池，其中未開發(fā)的淡水量是如此巨大，足夠支持全世界的江河1000年。每年有7，659萬(wàn)億公噸冰漂流在海洋中。
它們包含在10，000座從極地冰帽中斷裂出來(lái)的冰山中。這些冰山的90%以上來(lái)自南極。一年四季里，覆蓋
在淺層大陸架上的巨大冰川生成了眾多冰山。冰山和海水的冰不同，后者是海水自身結(jié)冰形成的，而冰山則完全是在陸地上形成的。
當(dāng)冰川伸展到海水中時(shí)，冰山就斷裂下來(lái)。當(dāng)漂離極地地區(qū)時(shí)，冰山有時(shí)會(huì)在底層洋流的推動(dòng)下頗為神秘地逆風(fēng)移動(dòng)。由于冰山比小塊
的冰融化要慢，因此有的冰山在大西洋中向北飄到了赤道以南35°的地方。把冰山蓄攔起來(lái)并拖到世界上需要它們的地方將不會(huì)太困難。
有困難的是其它的技術(shù)事宜。比如，如何防止冰山在較暖的氣候中迅速融化以及如何把大量的淡水收集到岸上去。但是，即便在拖
的過(guò)程中冰山失去了一半體積，這樣做也遠(yuǎn)比從海水中脫鹽取得淡水便宜。
1 icebergs
n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
The drift of the icebergs in the sea endangers the ships. 海上冰山的漂流危及船只的安全。 來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
The icebergs towered above them. 冰山高聳于他們上方。 來(lái)自辭典例句
2 arid
adj.干旱的；(土地)貧瘠的
參考例句：
These trees will shield off arid winds and protect the fields.這些樹能擋住旱風(fēng),保護(hù)農(nóng)田。
There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地帶存在嚴(yán)重的土地退化問(wèn)題。
3 outgrow
vt.長(zhǎng)大得使…不再適用；成長(zhǎng)得不再要
參考例句：
The little girl will outgrow her fear of pet animals.小女孩慢慢長(zhǎng)大后就不會(huì)在怕寵物了。
Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit.夢(mèng)游的孩子通常在長(zhǎng)大后這個(gè)習(xí)慣自然消失。
4 glaciers
冰河，冰川( glacier的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地帶沖出一條條山谷。
It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀麗的山峰。 來(lái)自英語(yǔ)晨讀30分（高一）
5 continental
adj.大陸的，大陸性的，歐洲大陸的
參考例句：
A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陸性氣候不同于島嶼氣候。
The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陸地殼最古老的部分有40億年歷史。
6 entirely
ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，徹底地
參考例句：
The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那場(chǎng)火災(zāi)完全是由于他們失職而引起的。
His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)獻(xiàn)給了教育工作。
7 steer
vt.駕駛，為…操舵；引導(dǎo)；vi.駕駛
參考例句：
If you push the car, I'll steer it.如果你來(lái)推車，我就來(lái)駕車。
It's no use trying to steer the boy into a course of action that suits you.想說(shuō)服這孩子按你的方式行事是徒勞的。
8 funneling
[醫(yī)]成漏斗形：描述膀胱底及膀胱尿道交接區(qū)