Banking in the West (2)
西方的銀行（二）
Situation 2
情景 2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關(guān)西方銀行史的討論。
Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .
詹 森：那是一個(gè)合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來的從事銀行業(yè)務(wù)的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。
Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來時(shí)，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開始變得復(fù)雜起來了。
Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的銀行在其一開始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來的嗎？
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個(gè)興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所當(dāng)然地他們又開始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開始的？
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，
It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來。
西方的銀行（二）
Situation 2
情景 2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關(guān)西方銀行史的討論。
Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .
詹 森：那是一個(gè)合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來的從事銀行業(yè)務(wù)的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。
Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來時(shí)，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開始變得復(fù)雜起來了。
Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的銀行在其一開始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來的嗎？
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個(gè)興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所當(dāng)然地他們又開始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開始的？
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，
It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來。