Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 寧靜田園生活的遐想
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
●illusion n. 幻想，錯(cuò)覺
●pastoral adj. 田園的
●breed v. 培育
●rapture n. 欣喜
●extol v. 贊美，頌揚(yáng)
●superior adj. 優(yōu)越的
●cockcrow n. 雞叫
●twitter v. （鳥）吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫
●glint v. 閃爍
●pasture n. 牧場
●idyllic adj. 田園詩的
●virtually adv. 幾乎；差不多
●dubious adj. 可疑的，懷疑的
●privilege n. 特權(quán)
●misery n. 苦難
●acquaintance n. 熟人
●treat n. 難得的樂事，享受
●dweller n. 居住者
●stagger v. 搖晃；蹣跚
●exotic adj. 尋乎尋常的，外來的
●glow n. 白熾光
●descend v. 下落，降臨
●tuck v. 縮進(jìn)，隱藏
●obstinately adv. 固執(zhí)地，頑固地
◆illusion n. 幻想，錯(cuò)覺
under illusion that / under the impression that
I am under the impression that you are honest.
We live under the illusion.
I am under the impression that he will help me every day.
under no illusion that
We live under no illusion that country life is beautiful.
have illusion about / have no illusion about
delusion 幻覺，（精神病人）
Eg: He is under the delusion that somebody will kill him tomorrow.
He lives under the delusion that he will be killed sometime.
vision 憧景
Eg: I live under the vision that I have a bright future.
illusioned adj.充滿幻想的
Eg: The world of children is illusioned.
illusionary adj. 錯(cuò)覺的，幻覺的
Eg: Don’t believe in him. What he said is illusionary picture.
illusive adj. 虛假的，不可靠的
Eg: What he described was illusive. Don’t depend on him any more.
imaginary
imaging
Eg: I can’t imagine building Great Wall.
imaginary 虛構(gòu)的
Eg: The story is imaginary, Don’t be taken in.
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L41-02 begin 18’32”
imaginary
The story is imaginary. Don’t be taken in.
imaginative 富有想像力的
Children are more imaginative than adults.
unimaginative 缺乏想像力的
imaginable 能想像得出的，（須放在被修飾詞之后）
This is the idea / way imaginable.
imaginary / imaginative / imaginable / unimaginatice
We are imaginative
illusionary / imaginary 虛構(gòu)的
◆pastoral adj. 田園的
◆breed v. 培育
vt. breed / bred / bred
breed / raise / bring up / rear
raise /breed pets
raise / breed dogs.
Do you raise dogs?
educate
As a mother, you must breed good manners into your child.
rear 撫養(yǎng)，
I must rear the child because I have the duty.
He rears / breeds / raises two dogs.
grow / plant tree
cause / lead / result in / give rise to
War breeds misery and ruin. 戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致毀滅和悲慘。
Your carelessness bred the accident
breed in and in 近親結(jié)婚，同種繁殖
breed out and out 非近親結(jié)婚，異種繁殖
breed / raise / bring up / cause
◆rapture n. 欣喜
great joy / delight
At the news, they are in raptures.
At the news, they are great delighted.
in raptures(about/ over sth. ) (對……) 欣喜若狂
I am in raptures about the new book.
go into raptures(over/ about/ at sth. ) (對……)感到非常的高興！
He went into raptures when he heard the good news.
joy / happiness
We have a good time and we are full of happiness.
delight 高興，喜悅，程度強(qiáng)于joy, 但不如rapture，也不如rapture那么正式，
I feel delighted == I am in raptures
ecstasy 入迷；狂喜
He is in ecstasy.
enchant v enchantment 入迷，
He was enchanted in thoughts.
elation 興高采烈；得意洋洋
He has got the feeling of elation.
bliss 極樂；無尚的幸福
Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss.
A sound sleep is my bliss
glee 歡樂，高興，歡心 （詩歌中）
rapture / in raptures / go into raptures / joy / happiness / delight / ecstasy
/ enchantment / elation / bliss / glee
◆◆◆extol v. 贊美，頌揚(yáng)
vt. praise
I can’t find a good word to praise you / your ability.
I want to extol the virtues of human beings.
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L41-03 begin 19’28”
compliment v. & n. 恭維
Do you often compliment ...?
exalt 贊揚(yáng)，歌頌，吹捧
You disgust me. why do you extol such a stupid person.
laud 贊美
I want to do nothing but laud you.
What do you want to laud me?
I want to laud your beauty, ability and your wealth.
extol / praise / compliment / exalt / laud
superior adj. 優(yōu)越的
better than the average
無比較級和高級
be superior to 比…優(yōu)越
In my opinion, town life is superior to country life.
interior
be interior to 比…低，不如…
Country life is superior to city life
superior / interior
senior
senior high school
junior
The word is basic
junior high school
senior /junior
posterior / prior 后于/ 先于
This work is prior to that one.
of no confidence / importance / significance
It should be inferior to that one.
superior / inferior / senior / junior / posterior / prior
be prior to
◆cockcrow n. 雞叫
◆twitter v. （鳥）吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫
◆glint v. 閃爍
shine / flash / glitter
flash 表示忽明忽暗的閃光，也可以指反光鏡反出來的光線
Eg: A lighthouse is flashing in the distance.
glim 表示透過某種媒介而透出來的光線，比如透過茫茫大霧的光芒
Eg: Through the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming.
glint 表示迅速閃爍的微弱的光，比如陽光下閃爍的露水光
Eg: The sun glinted through the leaves.
glisten 潮濕的物體上所反射的光澤，或是柔弱的光輝
Eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow.
flicker 表示蠟燭或油燈在即將熄滅時(shí)的所發(fā)出的搖曳的光
Eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only one candle which was flickering.
flash / glim / glint / glisten / flicher
◆pasture n. 牧場
◆idyllic adj. 田園詩的
He is leading an idyllic life
◆virtually adv. 幾乎；差不多
◆dubious adj. 可疑的，懷疑的
doubtful / uncertain / questionable / suspicious / sceptical
dubious
be dubious about/of 對…懷疑,對…不肯定，主要表示不肯定的，不確定的
doubt / suspect
Eg: I suspect that he stole the car last night. 語氣較肯定的猜疑
I doubt whether he stole the car. 語氣不太肯定
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L41-04 begin 18’14”
suspicious / doubtful
Cats are suspicious of human beings.
I am not sure about your ability to do so.
I am doubtful of your ability.
I am dubious about your ability.
questionable強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)疑，有問題的，值得爭議的
This is a questionable conclusion / decision.
sceptical 懷疑論的，懷疑的 (正式用法)
suspicious
Your idea is sceptical.
dubious / dubious about ( of ) / doubtful / uncertain / suspicious / sceptical / questionable
◆privilege n. 特權(quán)
◆misery n. 苦難
◆acquaintance n. 熟人
◆treat n. 難得的樂事，享受
be one's treat
1.…請客 == sb. stand treat
Eg: Let's go to have dinner. It's my treat
treat sb. to
take sb. to dinner
Eg: It’s my pleasure to take you to dinner.
stand treat
I stand treat 我作東。
2. 對待
treat sb. as
I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. 跟某人商談
I can’t bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.
treat of sth. / sb. ==speak of
We speak / treat of tramps contemptuously.
2. 榮幸,享受
Eg: Having dinner with you is my treat.
treat sb. to 宴請某人…
Eg: It's my pleasure to treat you to dinner.
treat sb as 按…對待某人
Eg: I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. 跟某人商談
Eg I can't bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.
treat of sth./sb. 關(guān)于…，提及到…，＝＝speak of
Eg: We treat of tramps contemptuously.
◆dweller n. 居住者
◆stagger v. 搖晃；蹣跚
◆exotic adj. 尋乎尋常的，外來的
◆glow n. 白熾光
◆descend v. 下落，降臨
Eg: darkness descends very soon because winter is coming.
descend from 從 ...... 傳下來
Eg: The watch descended from his grandfather.
descend on / upon 突然襲擊，
He visited me suddenly.
He looked me up suddenly.
He called on me suddenly.
Yesterday, my best friend descended on me.
descend to 傳給......
descend from...to
descend / descend from / descend to / descend on / descend upon
drop
I dropped the glass onto the floor.
ascend ant.
The aeroplane is ascending at tremendous speed.
◆tuck v. 縮進(jìn)，隱藏
◆obstinately adv. 固執(zhí)地，頑固地
obstinate adj. 頑固而不易被別人所改變
Eg: If you are an obstinate person, nobody can change your mind.
stubbom 倔強(qiáng)
Eg: He is such a stubborn person that he insists on finishing what he wants to do.
Don’t try to persuade him because he is an obstinate person.
persistent
persist
Eg: If you always follow your friends around, I should say, you are a persist person.
strong minded 頑強(qiáng)的，意志力強(qiáng)
Eg: If you are a strong minded person, you can do everything well.
obstinate / stubborn
as stubborn as mule 像牛一樣倔強(qiáng) (騾子)
【Text】
§ Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 寧靜田園生活的遐想
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What particular anxiety spoils thecountry dweller’s visit to thetheatre?
The quiet life of the country ahs never appealed to me. City born and city bred. I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of hem has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV -- virtually the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning. As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country. It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
【參考譯文】
寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活從來沒有吸引過我。我生在城市，長在城市，總認(rèn)為鄉(xiāng)村是透過火車車窗看到的那個(gè)樣了，或偶爾周末去游玩一下景象。我的許多朋友都住在城市，但他們只要一提起鄉(xiāng)村，馬上就會(huì)變得欣喜若狂。盡管他們都交口稱贊寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活的種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但其中只有一個(gè)人真去農(nóng)村住過，而且不足6個(gè)月就回來了。即使他也仍存有幻覺，好像鄉(xiāng)村生活就是比城市生活優(yōu)越。他滔滔不絕地大談?dòng)押玫霓r(nóng)民，潔凈的空氣，貼近大自然的環(huán)境和悠閑的生活節(jié)奏。他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，凌晨雄雞第一聲啼叫，黎明時(shí)分小鳥吱喳歡叫，冉冉升起的朝陽染紅樹木、牧場，此番美景無與倫比。但這種田園詩般的鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)光僅僅是一個(gè)側(cè)面。我的朋友沒有提到在電視機(jī)前度過的漫長寂寞的冬夜——電視是的娛樂形式。他也不說商店貨物品種單調(diào)，以及那些每天不得不從鄉(xiāng)下趕到城里工作的不幸的人們。人們?yōu)槭裁辞樵该刻煸诼飞媳疾?個(gè)小時(shí)去換取值得懷疑的鄉(xiāng)間的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我是無法理解的。要是他們愿意住在本來屬于他們的城市，則可以讓他們省去諸多不便與節(jié)約大量開支。
如果你愿舍棄鄉(xiāng)下生活那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)樂趣的話，那么你會(huì)發(fā)出城市可以為你提供生活美好的東西。你去看朋友根本不用跋涉好幾英里，因?yàn)樗麄兌甲≡诟浇?，你隨時(shí)可以同他們聊天或在晚上一起娛樂。我在鄉(xiāng)村有一些熟人，他們每年進(jìn)城來看一回或幾回戲，并把此看作一種特殊的享受?？磻蛟谒麄兪羌笫?，需要精心計(jì)劃。當(dāng)戲快演完時(shí)，他們又為是否能趕上末班火車回家而犯愁。這種焦慮，城里人是從未體驗(yàn)過的。坐公共汽車幾站路，就可看到新的展覽、電影、戲劇。買東西也是一種樂趣。物品種繁多，從來不必用二等品來湊合。鄉(xiāng)里人進(jìn)城采購欣喜若狂，每次回家時(shí)都買足了外來商品，直到拿不動(dòng)方才罷休，連走路都搖搖晃晃的。城市也并非沒有良辰美景。寒冷潮濕的冬夜里，廣告燈箱發(fā)出的暖光，會(huì)給人某種安慰。周末，當(dāng)成千上萬進(jìn)城上班的人回到他們的鄉(xiāng)間寓所之后，空曠的街市籠罩著一種寧靜氣氛，沒有什么能比此時(shí)的寧靜更令人難忘了。城里人對這一切心里很明白，卻偏要執(zhí)拗地裝出他們喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)村的樣子，這對我來說一直是個(gè)謎。
【課文講解】
背熟：The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.
組織一篇議論文主要有三段：
1 開頭段
2 支持段
3 結(jié)尾段
在開頭段第一句話或后一句話說出主題。
city born and city bred ==as O was born and bred in a city 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
regard as
think of ...as / refer to ...as
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L41-05 begin 18’11”
go into raptures 變得欣喜若狂起來
背熟：Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.
at the mere mention of 一提到
at the sight of 一看到
at the touch of 一觸及到
at the news of 一聽到
at the sound of 一聽到
at the nemtion of 一提到
exalt / laud
hypocritical 虛偽
The country life never appeals to me, and never appeals to others, either.
I love English. Everyday, I got up very early to read outside in my garden. That is my treat.
keep on doing sth.
背熟：Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
under the illusion that
live under the illusion that
Country life is somehow superior to town life.
the life of the country （第提到）
the country （第二次提到）
country life （第三次提到）
Every picture has got two sides. 凡事都有兩方面
背熟：This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
對比法
fails to mention == says nothing about 沒有提到……
City life appeals to me. City life is superior to country life.
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L41-06 begin 14’38”
City life appeals to me. City life is superior to country life.
fails to mention == says nothing about 沒有提到……
背熟：Why people are prepared to tolerate a four- hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
be beyond me = is beyond my understanding …是我無法理解的
stand / bear / put up with / endure / tolerate
privilege: advantage
dubious : doubtful / uncertain
Country life never appeals to me.
背熟：If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
There are advantages of living in the country, but there are few advantages living in the country than living in the big city.
背熟：There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.
never have to ==need not ==don’t have to
do without
make do with 湊合者用
do without / manage without / go without 沒有......也行
I can do / manage without a car.
available : able to be used anytime 隨時(shí)可以應(yīng)用的
主語做表語或定語，做定語時(shí)要放在被修飾詞的后邊。
I am availble to have a chat with you.
The books in our classroom are available for you.
be available for sb.
I have a dictionary available for you.
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L41-07 begin 15’09”
inconvenience of living in the country
major : great / demanding
draw to its close = near its end 臨近結(jié)束／尾聲
背熟：The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.
We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this sort which afflict the country dweller.
Eating food with different tasts is also a pleasure.
run wild 發(fā)瘋
背熟： Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the necessities of life as they can carry.
nor ... without 雙重否定
The city has got its own beauty.
Don’t shed blood
deserted : enpty
all these things: all the pleasures of the city / all the advantages of living in the city
There are fewer advantages of the country than in the city.
There are more disadvantages of the country than those of the city.
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L41-08 begin 12’30”
【Vocabulary】P194
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: Extol the virtues(l.6); illusion (l.7); superior to (l.8); maintains (l.9); glinting (l.10); tolerate (l.14); beyond me (l.15)
extol the virtues
extol = praise highly
praise 比extol 的語義要弱得多
virtue 美德 = advantage
illusion 幻覺，錯(cuò)覺 = false idea
superior 比......有優(yōu)勢， ==better than
maintain == hold
glinting 閃爍 = glisten
tolerate 忍受 == endure, bear, stand, put up with, suffer without complaining
beyond me == can not be understood by me
beyond my understanding
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What is the main difference between the writer and most of his friends?
a. they often visit the country but he has only spent one weekend there.
b. Unlike them, being brought up in the city, he can appreciate its worth.
c. In contrast to them, he finds city people friendlier than country people.
d. He thinks them hypocritical to maintain a preference for country life.
背熟 D 選項(xiàng)
think sb. hypocritical 認(rèn)為某人很虛偽
maintain a preference for sth. 堅(jiān)持一種想法
2 What advantage has the city dweller over the country dweller in terms of entertainment?（背熟）
a. He can entertain his country friends more often than they can him.
b. His choice of entertainment is wide and within easy reach of him.
c. As he travels by bus and not by train, he can see the latest plays.
d. He does not need a major operation when planning a visit to the theatre.
in terms of
have advantage over sb./ sth. 比 ......更具有優(yōu)勢
背熟
within easy reach of sb. 方便，容易達(dá)到
3 When he speaks of the beauty to be found in the city, the writer ____ .
a. alludes to the comparative cheerlessness of winter nights in the country
b. means that if more people settled in the city they would find peace
c. advertises the fact that the city is a warmer place than the country
d. implies that the country is less peaceful than the city at weekends
背熟
allude to = mean
Structure
4 I _____ and bred in the city and have always regarded … (ll.1-2)
a. being born b. had been born c. was born d. am born
5 He _____ talking about the friendly people … (ll.8-9)
a. never tires of b. is never tiring of c. is never tired d. is never tiring when
tire of 厭倦
never 頻度副詞，表示情況總是如此
I am tired of doing so. 我已經(jīng)厭倦了這么做。
6 The latest exhibitions, films or plays are only _____ .( l.23)
a. by bus a short distance away b. a short distance by bus away
c. a short distance away by bus d. the distance of a short bus away
on only short bus right away 只有幾站路的路程
7 ---- and stagger home loaded with _____ exotic items as they can carry. (ll.25-26)
a. as many of the b. as many c. so many d. the most
L41-08 end 12’30”
L41-09 begin 7’03”
many of the 許多物品中的許多
You can take as many as you like. 你可以拿走你喜歡的東西。
You can take as many books as you can. 這些書籍你想拿多小就拿多少。
8 I have always been mystified _____ city dwells, who … (ll.29-30)
a. why b. by the fact that c. for what d. with
It has been a mystery to me.
be mystified by 被......所迷惑，被...... 所困擾
be frightened by 被......所嚇著
Vocabulary
9 _____ the only form of entertainment. (l.12)
a. pretty well b. altogether c. certainly d. in particular
原文： virtually 幾乎，==almost, nearly
certainly 肯定的，當(dāng)然的
altogether 總共，完全
in particular = particularly 特別，尤其是
pretty well 相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，相當(dāng)好（AE）， almost (BE)
10 If you can _____ without the few pastoral pleasues of the country … (l.17)
a. make b. manage c. succeed d. pass
10. do without, go without, manage without
11 As the play _____ … (ll.21-22)
a. reaches its climax b. nears its end c. ends its run d. draws the curtain
near its end 臨近尾聲 == draw to its close
areaches its climax 達(dá)到高潮
12 Few things can have such an _____ as the peace … (ll.27-28)
a. impact b. imposition c. imprint d. impression
imposition 強(qiáng)人所難
impose v.
Don’t impose your idea on me. 不要把你的想法強(qiáng)加給我。
imprint 印記，印痕
give sb. a (deep ) impression 給某人印象
have impact
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A
L41-09 end 7’03”
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
●illusion n. 幻想，錯(cuò)覺
●pastoral adj. 田園的
●breed v. 培育
●rapture n. 欣喜
●extol v. 贊美，頌揚(yáng)
●superior adj. 優(yōu)越的
●cockcrow n. 雞叫
●twitter v. （鳥）吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫
●glint v. 閃爍
●pasture n. 牧場
●idyllic adj. 田園詩的
●virtually adv. 幾乎；差不多
●dubious adj. 可疑的，懷疑的
●privilege n. 特權(quán)
●misery n. 苦難
●acquaintance n. 熟人
●treat n. 難得的樂事，享受
●dweller n. 居住者
●stagger v. 搖晃；蹣跚
●exotic adj. 尋乎尋常的，外來的
●glow n. 白熾光
●descend v. 下落，降臨
●tuck v. 縮進(jìn)，隱藏
●obstinately adv. 固執(zhí)地，頑固地
◆illusion n. 幻想，錯(cuò)覺
under illusion that / under the impression that
I am under the impression that you are honest.
We live under the illusion.
I am under the impression that he will help me every day.
under no illusion that
We live under no illusion that country life is beautiful.
have illusion about / have no illusion about
delusion 幻覺，（精神病人）
Eg: He is under the delusion that somebody will kill him tomorrow.
He lives under the delusion that he will be killed sometime.
vision 憧景
Eg: I live under the vision that I have a bright future.
illusioned adj.充滿幻想的
Eg: The world of children is illusioned.
illusionary adj. 錯(cuò)覺的，幻覺的
Eg: Don’t believe in him. What he said is illusionary picture.
illusive adj. 虛假的，不可靠的
Eg: What he described was illusive. Don’t depend on him any more.
imaginary
imaging
Eg: I can’t imagine building Great Wall.
imaginary 虛構(gòu)的
Eg: The story is imaginary, Don’t be taken in.
L41-01 end 10’14”
L41-02 begin 18’32”
imaginary
The story is imaginary. Don’t be taken in.
imaginative 富有想像力的
Children are more imaginative than adults.
unimaginative 缺乏想像力的
imaginable 能想像得出的，（須放在被修飾詞之后）
This is the idea / way imaginable.
imaginary / imaginative / imaginable / unimaginatice
We are imaginative
illusionary / imaginary 虛構(gòu)的
◆pastoral adj. 田園的
◆breed v. 培育
vt. breed / bred / bred
breed / raise / bring up / rear
raise /breed pets
raise / breed dogs.
Do you raise dogs?
educate
As a mother, you must breed good manners into your child.
rear 撫養(yǎng)，
I must rear the child because I have the duty.
He rears / breeds / raises two dogs.
grow / plant tree
cause / lead / result in / give rise to
War breeds misery and ruin. 戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致毀滅和悲慘。
Your carelessness bred the accident
breed in and in 近親結(jié)婚，同種繁殖
breed out and out 非近親結(jié)婚，異種繁殖
breed / raise / bring up / cause
◆rapture n. 欣喜
great joy / delight
At the news, they are in raptures.
At the news, they are great delighted.
in raptures(about/ over sth. ) (對……) 欣喜若狂
I am in raptures about the new book.
go into raptures(over/ about/ at sth. ) (對……)感到非常的高興！
He went into raptures when he heard the good news.
joy / happiness
We have a good time and we are full of happiness.
delight 高興，喜悅，程度強(qiáng)于joy, 但不如rapture，也不如rapture那么正式，
I feel delighted == I am in raptures
ecstasy 入迷；狂喜
He is in ecstasy.
enchant v enchantment 入迷，
He was enchanted in thoughts.
elation 興高采烈；得意洋洋
He has got the feeling of elation.
bliss 極樂；無尚的幸福
Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss.
A sound sleep is my bliss
glee 歡樂，高興，歡心 （詩歌中）
rapture / in raptures / go into raptures / joy / happiness / delight / ecstasy
/ enchantment / elation / bliss / glee
◆◆◆extol v. 贊美，頌揚(yáng)
vt. praise
I can’t find a good word to praise you / your ability.
I want to extol the virtues of human beings.
L41-02 end 18’32”
L41-03 begin 19’28”
compliment v. & n. 恭維
Do you often compliment ...?
exalt 贊揚(yáng)，歌頌，吹捧
You disgust me. why do you extol such a stupid person.
laud 贊美
I want to do nothing but laud you.
What do you want to laud me?
I want to laud your beauty, ability and your wealth.
extol / praise / compliment / exalt / laud
superior adj. 優(yōu)越的
better than the average
無比較級和高級
be superior to 比…優(yōu)越
In my opinion, town life is superior to country life.
interior
be interior to 比…低，不如…
Country life is superior to city life
superior / interior
senior
senior high school
junior
The word is basic
junior high school
senior /junior
posterior / prior 后于/ 先于
This work is prior to that one.
of no confidence / importance / significance
It should be inferior to that one.
superior / inferior / senior / junior / posterior / prior
be prior to
◆cockcrow n. 雞叫
◆twitter v. （鳥）吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫
◆glint v. 閃爍
shine / flash / glitter
flash 表示忽明忽暗的閃光，也可以指反光鏡反出來的光線
Eg: A lighthouse is flashing in the distance.
glim 表示透過某種媒介而透出來的光線，比如透過茫茫大霧的光芒
Eg: Through the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming.
glint 表示迅速閃爍的微弱的光，比如陽光下閃爍的露水光
Eg: The sun glinted through the leaves.
glisten 潮濕的物體上所反射的光澤，或是柔弱的光輝
Eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow.
flicker 表示蠟燭或油燈在即將熄滅時(shí)的所發(fā)出的搖曳的光
Eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only one candle which was flickering.
flash / glim / glint / glisten / flicher
◆pasture n. 牧場
◆idyllic adj. 田園詩的
He is leading an idyllic life
◆virtually adv. 幾乎；差不多
◆dubious adj. 可疑的，懷疑的
doubtful / uncertain / questionable / suspicious / sceptical
dubious
be dubious about/of 對…懷疑,對…不肯定，主要表示不肯定的，不確定的
doubt / suspect
Eg: I suspect that he stole the car last night. 語氣較肯定的猜疑
I doubt whether he stole the car. 語氣不太肯定
L41-03 end 19’28”
L41-04 begin 18’14”
suspicious / doubtful
Cats are suspicious of human beings.
I am not sure about your ability to do so.
I am doubtful of your ability.
I am dubious about your ability.
questionable強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)疑，有問題的，值得爭議的
This is a questionable conclusion / decision.
sceptical 懷疑論的，懷疑的 (正式用法)
suspicious
Your idea is sceptical.
dubious / dubious about ( of ) / doubtful / uncertain / suspicious / sceptical / questionable
◆privilege n. 特權(quán)
◆misery n. 苦難
◆acquaintance n. 熟人
◆treat n. 難得的樂事，享受
be one's treat
1.…請客 == sb. stand treat
Eg: Let's go to have dinner. It's my treat
treat sb. to
take sb. to dinner
Eg: It’s my pleasure to take you to dinner.
stand treat
I stand treat 我作東。
2. 對待
treat sb. as
I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. 跟某人商談
I can’t bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.
treat of sth. / sb. ==speak of
We speak / treat of tramps contemptuously.
2. 榮幸,享受
Eg: Having dinner with you is my treat.
treat sb. to 宴請某人…
Eg: It's my pleasure to treat you to dinner.
treat sb as 按…對待某人
Eg: I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. 跟某人商談
Eg I can't bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.
treat of sth./sb. 關(guān)于…，提及到…，＝＝speak of
Eg: We treat of tramps contemptuously.
◆dweller n. 居住者
◆stagger v. 搖晃；蹣跚
◆exotic adj. 尋乎尋常的，外來的
◆glow n. 白熾光
◆descend v. 下落，降臨
Eg: darkness descends very soon because winter is coming.
descend from 從 ...... 傳下來
Eg: The watch descended from his grandfather.
descend on / upon 突然襲擊，
He visited me suddenly.
He looked me up suddenly.
He called on me suddenly.
Yesterday, my best friend descended on me.
descend to 傳給......
descend from...to
descend / descend from / descend to / descend on / descend upon
drop
I dropped the glass onto the floor.
ascend ant.
The aeroplane is ascending at tremendous speed.
◆tuck v. 縮進(jìn)，隱藏
◆obstinately adv. 固執(zhí)地，頑固地
obstinate adj. 頑固而不易被別人所改變
Eg: If you are an obstinate person, nobody can change your mind.
stubbom 倔強(qiáng)
Eg: He is such a stubborn person that he insists on finishing what he wants to do.
Don’t try to persuade him because he is an obstinate person.
persistent
persist
Eg: If you always follow your friends around, I should say, you are a persist person.
strong minded 頑強(qiáng)的，意志力強(qiáng)
Eg: If you are a strong minded person, you can do everything well.
obstinate / stubborn
as stubborn as mule 像牛一樣倔強(qiáng) (騾子)
【Text】
§ Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 寧靜田園生活的遐想
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What particular anxiety spoils thecountry dweller’s visit to thetheatre?
The quiet life of the country ahs never appealed to me. City born and city bred. I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of hem has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV -- virtually the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning. As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country. It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
【參考譯文】
寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活從來沒有吸引過我。我生在城市，長在城市，總認(rèn)為鄉(xiāng)村是透過火車車窗看到的那個(gè)樣了，或偶爾周末去游玩一下景象。我的許多朋友都住在城市，但他們只要一提起鄉(xiāng)村，馬上就會(huì)變得欣喜若狂。盡管他們都交口稱贊寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活的種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但其中只有一個(gè)人真去農(nóng)村住過，而且不足6個(gè)月就回來了。即使他也仍存有幻覺，好像鄉(xiāng)村生活就是比城市生活優(yōu)越。他滔滔不絕地大談?dòng)押玫霓r(nóng)民，潔凈的空氣，貼近大自然的環(huán)境和悠閑的生活節(jié)奏。他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，凌晨雄雞第一聲啼叫，黎明時(shí)分小鳥吱喳歡叫，冉冉升起的朝陽染紅樹木、牧場，此番美景無與倫比。但這種田園詩般的鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)光僅僅是一個(gè)側(cè)面。我的朋友沒有提到在電視機(jī)前度過的漫長寂寞的冬夜——電視是的娛樂形式。他也不說商店貨物品種單調(diào)，以及那些每天不得不從鄉(xiāng)下趕到城里工作的不幸的人們。人們?yōu)槭裁辞樵该刻煸诼飞媳疾?個(gè)小時(shí)去換取值得懷疑的鄉(xiāng)間的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我是無法理解的。要是他們愿意住在本來屬于他們的城市，則可以讓他們省去諸多不便與節(jié)約大量開支。
如果你愿舍棄鄉(xiāng)下生活那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)樂趣的話，那么你會(huì)發(fā)出城市可以為你提供生活美好的東西。你去看朋友根本不用跋涉好幾英里，因?yàn)樗麄兌甲≡诟浇?，你隨時(shí)可以同他們聊天或在晚上一起娛樂。我在鄉(xiāng)村有一些熟人，他們每年進(jìn)城來看一回或幾回戲，并把此看作一種特殊的享受?？磻蛟谒麄兪羌笫?，需要精心計(jì)劃。當(dāng)戲快演完時(shí)，他們又為是否能趕上末班火車回家而犯愁。這種焦慮，城里人是從未體驗(yàn)過的。坐公共汽車幾站路，就可看到新的展覽、電影、戲劇。買東西也是一種樂趣。物品種繁多，從來不必用二等品來湊合。鄉(xiāng)里人進(jìn)城采購欣喜若狂，每次回家時(shí)都買足了外來商品，直到拿不動(dòng)方才罷休，連走路都搖搖晃晃的。城市也并非沒有良辰美景。寒冷潮濕的冬夜里，廣告燈箱發(fā)出的暖光，會(huì)給人某種安慰。周末，當(dāng)成千上萬進(jìn)城上班的人回到他們的鄉(xiāng)間寓所之后，空曠的街市籠罩著一種寧靜氣氛，沒有什么能比此時(shí)的寧靜更令人難忘了。城里人對這一切心里很明白，卻偏要執(zhí)拗地裝出他們喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)村的樣子，這對我來說一直是個(gè)謎。
【課文講解】
背熟：The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.
組織一篇議論文主要有三段：
1 開頭段
2 支持段
3 結(jié)尾段
在開頭段第一句話或后一句話說出主題。
city born and city bred ==as O was born and bred in a city 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
regard as
think of ...as / refer to ...as
L41-04 end 18’14”
L41-05 begin 18’11”
go into raptures 變得欣喜若狂起來
背熟：Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.
at the mere mention of 一提到
at the sight of 一看到
at the touch of 一觸及到
at the news of 一聽到
at the sound of 一聽到
at the nemtion of 一提到
exalt / laud
hypocritical 虛偽
The country life never appeals to me, and never appeals to others, either.
I love English. Everyday, I got up very early to read outside in my garden. That is my treat.
keep on doing sth.
背熟：Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
under the illusion that
live under the illusion that
Country life is somehow superior to town life.
the life of the country （第提到）
the country （第二次提到）
country life （第三次提到）
Every picture has got two sides. 凡事都有兩方面
背熟：This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
對比法
fails to mention == says nothing about 沒有提到……
City life appeals to me. City life is superior to country life.
L41-05 end 18’11”
L41-06 begin 14’38”
City life appeals to me. City life is superior to country life.
fails to mention == says nothing about 沒有提到……
背熟：Why people are prepared to tolerate a four- hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
be beyond me = is beyond my understanding …是我無法理解的
stand / bear / put up with / endure / tolerate
privilege: advantage
dubious : doubtful / uncertain
Country life never appeals to me.
背熟：If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
There are advantages of living in the country, but there are few advantages living in the country than living in the big city.
背熟：There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.
never have to ==need not ==don’t have to
do without
make do with 湊合者用
do without / manage without / go without 沒有......也行
I can do / manage without a car.
available : able to be used anytime 隨時(shí)可以應(yīng)用的
主語做表語或定語，做定語時(shí)要放在被修飾詞的后邊。
I am availble to have a chat with you.
The books in our classroom are available for you.
be available for sb.
I have a dictionary available for you.
L41-06 end 14’38”
L41-07 begin 15’09”
inconvenience of living in the country
major : great / demanding
draw to its close = near its end 臨近結(jié)束／尾聲
背熟：The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.
We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this sort which afflict the country dweller.
Eating food with different tasts is also a pleasure.
run wild 發(fā)瘋
背熟： Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the necessities of life as they can carry.
nor ... without 雙重否定
The city has got its own beauty.
Don’t shed blood
deserted : enpty
all these things: all the pleasures of the city / all the advantages of living in the city
There are fewer advantages of the country than in the city.
There are more disadvantages of the country than those of the city.
L41-07 end 15’09”
L41-08 begin 12’30”
【Vocabulary】P194
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: Extol the virtues(l.6); illusion (l.7); superior to (l.8); maintains (l.9); glinting (l.10); tolerate (l.14); beyond me (l.15)
extol the virtues
extol = praise highly
praise 比extol 的語義要弱得多
virtue 美德 = advantage
illusion 幻覺，錯(cuò)覺 = false idea
superior 比......有優(yōu)勢， ==better than
maintain == hold
glinting 閃爍 = glisten
tolerate 忍受 == endure, bear, stand, put up with, suffer without complaining
beyond me == can not be understood by me
beyond my understanding
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What is the main difference between the writer and most of his friends?
a. they often visit the country but he has only spent one weekend there.
b. Unlike them, being brought up in the city, he can appreciate its worth.
c. In contrast to them, he finds city people friendlier than country people.
d. He thinks them hypocritical to maintain a preference for country life.
背熟 D 選項(xiàng)
think sb. hypocritical 認(rèn)為某人很虛偽
maintain a preference for sth. 堅(jiān)持一種想法
2 What advantage has the city dweller over the country dweller in terms of entertainment?（背熟）
a. He can entertain his country friends more often than they can him.
b. His choice of entertainment is wide and within easy reach of him.
c. As he travels by bus and not by train, he can see the latest plays.
d. He does not need a major operation when planning a visit to the theatre.
in terms of
have advantage over sb./ sth. 比 ......更具有優(yōu)勢
背熟
within easy reach of sb. 方便，容易達(dá)到
3 When he speaks of the beauty to be found in the city, the writer ____ .
a. alludes to the comparative cheerlessness of winter nights in the country
b. means that if more people settled in the city they would find peace
c. advertises the fact that the city is a warmer place than the country
d. implies that the country is less peaceful than the city at weekends
背熟
allude to = mean
Structure
4 I _____ and bred in the city and have always regarded … (ll.1-2)
a. being born b. had been born c. was born d. am born
5 He _____ talking about the friendly people … (ll.8-9)
a. never tires of b. is never tiring of c. is never tired d. is never tiring when
tire of 厭倦
never 頻度副詞，表示情況總是如此
I am tired of doing so. 我已經(jīng)厭倦了這么做。
6 The latest exhibitions, films or plays are only _____ .( l.23)
a. by bus a short distance away b. a short distance by bus away
c. a short distance away by bus d. the distance of a short bus away
on only short bus right away 只有幾站路的路程
7 ---- and stagger home loaded with _____ exotic items as they can carry. (ll.25-26)
a. as many of the b. as many c. so many d. the most
L41-08 end 12’30”
L41-09 begin 7’03”
many of the 許多物品中的許多
You can take as many as you like. 你可以拿走你喜歡的東西。
You can take as many books as you can. 這些書籍你想拿多小就拿多少。
8 I have always been mystified _____ city dwells, who … (ll.29-30)
a. why b. by the fact that c. for what d. with
It has been a mystery to me.
be mystified by 被......所迷惑，被...... 所困擾
be frightened by 被......所嚇著
Vocabulary
9 _____ the only form of entertainment. (l.12)
a. pretty well b. altogether c. certainly d. in particular
原文： virtually 幾乎，==almost, nearly
certainly 肯定的，當(dāng)然的
altogether 總共，完全
in particular = particularly 特別，尤其是
pretty well 相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，相當(dāng)好（AE）， almost (BE)
10 If you can _____ without the few pastoral pleasues of the country … (l.17)
a. make b. manage c. succeed d. pass
10. do without, go without, manage without
11 As the play _____ … (ll.21-22)
a. reaches its climax b. nears its end c. ends its run d. draws the curtain
near its end 臨近尾聲 == draw to its close
areaches its climax 達(dá)到高潮
12 Few things can have such an _____ as the peace … (ll.27-28)
a. impact b. imposition c. imprint d. impression
imposition 強(qiáng)人所難
impose v.
Don’t impose your idea on me. 不要把你的想法強(qiáng)加給我。
imprint 印記，印痕
give sb. a (deep ) impression 給某人印象
have impact
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A
L41-09 end 7’03”