Although Henry Ford1’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor2 practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized3 skilled laborers4 and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed5 innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles6 that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness7, industriousness8, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful9 ways, Henry Ford was helping10 many people to establish themselves in America.
23亨利•福特
盡管亨利•福特的名字和大生產(chǎn)的概念相連，但他在勞工保護(hù)上得到同樣的贊譽(yù)，因?yàn)?BR> 他早在1913年便實(shí)行了用今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量依然是先進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。安全措施得到改進(jìn)，日工作時(shí)間從當(dāng)時(shí)普遍的10或12小時(shí)減少到8小時(shí)。
為了適應(yīng)更短的日工作時(shí)間，整個(gè)工廠從雙班變成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工傷醫(yī)療得以制度化。福特汽車公司是早建
立技術(shù)學(xué)校來培訓(xùn)專門技工和為移民開設(shè)英語學(xué)校的工廠之一。公司甚至為雇傭殘疾人和
有前科的人而作出了一些努力。受廣泛稱贊的革新是實(shí)行五美元一天的低工資。其目的是招收和留住那些好的技工并阻礙工會(huì)的發(fā)展。
福特從效率和利潤分享的角度來解釋這項(xiàng)新的工資政策。他也提到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，他的員工可以買他們生產(chǎn)的汽車--這實(shí)際上是為其產(chǎn)品另開辟了一個(gè)市場(chǎng)。
為了夠資格得到低工資，員工必須建立一個(gè)得體的家庭并顯示出良好的個(gè)人習(xí)慣，包括節(jié)制、儉省、勤勉和可靠。雖然有人批評(píng)福特過多地干涉
了員工的私人生活，但毫無疑問，在移民們被用惡劣的方式剝削的時(shí)代，亨利•福特卻幫助了許多人在美國扎下根來。
1 Ford
n.淺灘，水淺可涉處；v.涉水，涉過
參考例句：
They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他們駐守在那座橋上，所以我們只能涉水過河。
If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已決定要涉過小溪，必須極度小心。
2 labor
n.勞動(dòng)，努力，工作，勞工；分娩；vi.勞動(dòng)，努力，苦干；vt.詳細(xì)分析；麻煩
參考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我們從不延誤付給他勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬。
He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艱苦勞動(dòng)兩周后，他已經(jīng)疲憊不堪了。
3 specialized
adj.專門的，專業(yè)化的
參考例句：
There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.聯(lián)合國有許多專門機(jī)構(gòu)。
These tools are very specialized.這些是專用工具。
4 laborers
n.體力勞動(dòng)者，工人( laborer的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；（熟練工人的）輔助工
參考例句：
Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人們接受操作五十噸壓土機(jī)和巨型起重機(jī)的訓(xùn)練。 來自《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》
Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇傭勞動(dòng)完全是建立在工人的自相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之上的。 來自英漢非文學(xué) - 共產(chǎn)黨宣言
5 acclaimed
adj.受人歡迎的
參考例句：
They acclaimed him as the best writer of the year. 他們稱贊他為當(dāng)年的佳作者。
Confuscius is acclaimed as a great thinker. 孔子被贊譽(yù)為偉大的思想家。
6 automobiles
n.汽車( automobile的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽車普及后，就不再使用馬和馬車了。 來自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 寬闊的林蔭道上，汽車川流不息。 來自《現(xiàn)代漢英綜合大詞典》
7 thriftiness
節(jié)儉，節(jié)約
參考例句：
Taoism has always advocated thriftiness and plain life. 道教歷來倡導(dǎo)節(jié)儉、樸素的生活。
That's a positive feeling. Now I added only to my thriftiness but also independence and endurance. 通過這事，我不僅長了點(diǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦，也變得更加獨(dú)立，更具忍耐力了。
8 industriousness
n.勤奮
參考例句：
Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency. 哈麗特不知該用什么言辭來贊揚(yáng)貝西的勤奮與高效。 來自新概念英語第三冊(cè)
They have brought to our country an industriousness that boosts our economy. 他們帶來的勤奮精神促進(jìn)了我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
9 frightful
adj.可怕的；討厭的
參考例句：
How frightful to have a husband who snores!有一個(gè)發(fā)鼾聲的丈夫多討厭啊！
We're having frightful weather these days.這幾天天氣壞極了。
10 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.幫助人的，輔助的
參考例句：
The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可憐的孩子們總是要求我把我的漢堡包再給他們一份。
By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 這樣一來, 他在某些時(shí)候,有助于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加強(qiáng)。
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized3 skilled laborers4 and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed5 innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles6 that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness7, industriousness8, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful9 ways, Henry Ford was helping10 many people to establish themselves in America.
23亨利•福特
盡管亨利•福特的名字和大生產(chǎn)的概念相連，但他在勞工保護(hù)上得到同樣的贊譽(yù)，因?yàn)?BR> 他早在1913年便實(shí)行了用今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量依然是先進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。安全措施得到改進(jìn)，日工作時(shí)間從當(dāng)時(shí)普遍的10或12小時(shí)減少到8小時(shí)。
為了適應(yīng)更短的日工作時(shí)間，整個(gè)工廠從雙班變成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工傷醫(yī)療得以制度化。福特汽車公司是早建
立技術(shù)學(xué)校來培訓(xùn)專門技工和為移民開設(shè)英語學(xué)校的工廠之一。公司甚至為雇傭殘疾人和
有前科的人而作出了一些努力。受廣泛稱贊的革新是實(shí)行五美元一天的低工資。其目的是招收和留住那些好的技工并阻礙工會(huì)的發(fā)展。
福特從效率和利潤分享的角度來解釋這項(xiàng)新的工資政策。他也提到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，他的員工可以買他們生產(chǎn)的汽車--這實(shí)際上是為其產(chǎn)品另開辟了一個(gè)市場(chǎng)。
為了夠資格得到低工資，員工必須建立一個(gè)得體的家庭并顯示出良好的個(gè)人習(xí)慣，包括節(jié)制、儉省、勤勉和可靠。雖然有人批評(píng)福特過多地干涉
了員工的私人生活，但毫無疑問，在移民們被用惡劣的方式剝削的時(shí)代，亨利•福特卻幫助了許多人在美國扎下根來。
1 Ford
n.淺灘，水淺可涉處；v.涉水，涉過
參考例句：
They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他們駐守在那座橋上，所以我們只能涉水過河。
If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已決定要涉過小溪，必須極度小心。
2 labor
n.勞動(dòng)，努力，工作，勞工；分娩；vi.勞動(dòng)，努力，苦干；vt.詳細(xì)分析；麻煩
參考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我們從不延誤付給他勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬。
He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艱苦勞動(dòng)兩周后，他已經(jīng)疲憊不堪了。
3 specialized
adj.專門的，專業(yè)化的
參考例句：
There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.聯(lián)合國有許多專門機(jī)構(gòu)。
These tools are very specialized.這些是專用工具。
4 laborers
n.體力勞動(dòng)者，工人( laborer的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；（熟練工人的）輔助工
參考例句：
Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人們接受操作五十噸壓土機(jī)和巨型起重機(jī)的訓(xùn)練。 來自《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》
Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇傭勞動(dòng)完全是建立在工人的自相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之上的。 來自英漢非文學(xué) - 共產(chǎn)黨宣言
5 acclaimed
adj.受人歡迎的
參考例句：
They acclaimed him as the best writer of the year. 他們稱贊他為當(dāng)年的佳作者。
Confuscius is acclaimed as a great thinker. 孔子被贊譽(yù)為偉大的思想家。
6 automobiles
n.汽車( automobile的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
參考例句：
When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽車普及后，就不再使用馬和馬車了。 來自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 寬闊的林蔭道上，汽車川流不息。 來自《現(xiàn)代漢英綜合大詞典》
7 thriftiness
節(jié)儉，節(jié)約
參考例句：
Taoism has always advocated thriftiness and plain life. 道教歷來倡導(dǎo)節(jié)儉、樸素的生活。
That's a positive feeling. Now I added only to my thriftiness but also independence and endurance. 通過這事，我不僅長了點(diǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦，也變得更加獨(dú)立，更具忍耐力了。
8 industriousness
n.勤奮
參考例句：
Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency. 哈麗特不知該用什么言辭來贊揚(yáng)貝西的勤奮與高效。 來自新概念英語第三冊(cè)
They have brought to our country an industriousness that boosts our economy. 他們帶來的勤奮精神促進(jìn)了我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
9 frightful
adj.可怕的；討厭的
參考例句：
How frightful to have a husband who snores!有一個(gè)發(fā)鼾聲的丈夫多討厭啊！
We're having frightful weather these days.這幾天天氣壞極了。
10 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.幫助人的，輔助的
參考例句：
The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可憐的孩子們總是要求我把我的漢堡包再給他們一份。
By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 這樣一來, 他在某些時(shí)候,有助于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加強(qiáng)。