Lesson 7 The sporting spirit 運(yùn)動(dòng)精神
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriouslybelieve--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
New words and expressions 生詞短語(yǔ)
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n.板球
inclination n.意愿
contest n. 比賽
orgyn. 恣意，放蕩
deducevt.推斷
competitive a. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的
pick up 隨意挑選
side n. 隊(duì)
patriotism n. 地方觀念 愛(ài)國(guó)主義
involvevt. 卷入
at any rate 無(wú)論……,至少…….
prestige n. 聲譽(yù)
disgrace vt. 使丟臉
savagen.野性的
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
mimic a.與….極相似
behaveiour 行動(dòng)
spectatotorn.觀眾
word….into…..引起……注意
furyn.狂熱
absurda.荒唐的
Notes on the vocabularies 詞語(yǔ)注釋
goodwill=friendship n.友好
goodwill games:友好運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)
goodwill visit:友好訪問(wèn)
pay a goodwill visit to
official visit:官方正式訪問(wèn)
state visit:國(guó)事訪問(wèn)
cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高興，快樂(lè)無(wú)比
inclinationn. 意愿
inclinev.
be inclined to do sth表示強(qiáng)烈的意愿
I am inclined to take toefl.
willing
show inclination tofollow one's inclination 隨心所欲
contestn. 比賽
近義詞：competition game match tournament race
contest:a group of judges
beauty contest選美比賽
competition:socially 抽象使用
Social competition is fierce.
Dog eat dog.人吃人。形容競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。
game:physically ,mentally
match:quite important
China won the 2002 World Cup match.
tournament:淘汰賽，巡回賽。
race:以速度見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)
cycle racing 自行車比賽
car racing 賽車
orgy n.恣意，放蕩
revelry in 狂歡
I revelry in my success.
on a spree
The girl is on a shoping spree.
competitive
combative-貶義詞 同 aggressive
competitive-褒義詞／中性詞
competitor-競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者
compete with sb. for sth.
pick up 隨意挑選
side 隊(duì)
patriotismn.地方觀眾，愛(ài)國(guó)主義
patriot:愛(ài)國(guó)者patriotic:愛(ài)國(guó)的
involvevt.卷入
involve oneself in scandal be involved in
prestigen.聲譽(yù)
prestigious a.享有聲譽(yù)的 Qinghua university is very prestigious.
近義詞：fame renown(renowned 的) reputation eminence
disgracevt.使丟臉
grace,graceful-graceless
disgraceful 丟臉 Your essay is very guaceful.
fame-defamehonor-dishonor
stigmaa(污點(diǎn)) vt.stigmatizeRobbery stigmatizes him.
savagen.野性的
inhuman 殘忍無(wú)比 nonhuman （非人類的）
mercy-mercilessruth-ruthless
beastly
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
Frankly speaking(To be frank) 坦白的說(shuō)candid 坦白的straightly 直率的
mimic a.與……相似
mimic-只用作定語(yǔ)
similar-可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) Our ideas are similar. We have similar ideas.
alike-只作表語(yǔ)
Great minds think alike.英雄所見(jiàn)略同。
behaviour 行動(dòng) 舉止
Behave oneself.規(guī)矩點(diǎn)兒。
attituden.態(tài)度
spectatorn.觀眾
audience 聽(tīng)眾 audial 聽(tīng)
visual
spectacle: 壯麗景色；眼鏡
viewer電視觀眾
work…into…引起…注意…
into 后接表示感情的詞
furyn.狂熱
furious a.—強(qiáng)于 anger,annoyance,aggravation
rage---suddenly & quickly
absurda.荒唐的
近義詞 illogical irrational senseless ridiculous
r 開(kāi)頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加 ir
l 開(kāi)頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加 il
at any rate 無(wú)論，至少＝at least
Notes on the text 課文注釋
amazed: surprised,astound,astonished
前兩個(gè)詞都可以用作表語(yǔ)和主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后兩個(gè)詞只有表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
The news surprised me.
I was surprised by the news.
I am astonished to hear the news.
You should not say”The news astonished me”.
hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doing
if only:
1. 表虛擬，當(dāng)“真好”講,后面無(wú)任何主從句。
If only I had a pair of wings.我要有雙翅膀就好了。
If only I could fly to the moon.
2. 作為條件句＝as long as，后面須有主句。
deduce:推導(dǎo)
the background of the 1936 Olympic games :二戰(zhàn)時(shí)在德國(guó)柏林舉行，*舉辦的目的為
了宣傳他的 national supremacy(民主優(yōu)越性)。然而，事與愿違，本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)出現(xiàn)了
一位獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷的田徑大王－美國(guó)黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)員，杰西•歐文斯，他共獲得 4 枚金牌，
讓* disgrace(顏面盡失)，后人評(píng)論“the 1936 Olympin games is a mistake”,而
且稱為 political tragedy,影射*的種族歧視，導(dǎo)致極端的仇恨，引發(fā)二戰(zhàn)。
neagly all 基本肯定
green: 綠地
aroused:被激發(fā)起來(lái)
frankly: 真正的
mimic warfare:模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
battle field-fight to win,commander,do your utmost,blood,lose life,machine guns
sport field—play to win,coach,do your best ,sweat,lose life,hand leg foot
fury over 對(duì)…憤怒
virtue:quality
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriouslybelieve--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
New words and expressions 生詞短語(yǔ)
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n.板球
inclination n.意愿
contest n. 比賽
orgyn. 恣意，放蕩
deducevt.推斷
competitive a. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的
pick up 隨意挑選
side n. 隊(duì)
patriotism n. 地方觀念 愛(ài)國(guó)主義
involvevt. 卷入
at any rate 無(wú)論……,至少…….
prestige n. 聲譽(yù)
disgrace vt. 使丟臉
savagen.野性的
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
mimic a.與….極相似
behaveiour 行動(dòng)
spectatotorn.觀眾
word….into…..引起……注意
furyn.狂熱
absurda.荒唐的
Notes on the vocabularies 詞語(yǔ)注釋
goodwill=friendship n.友好
goodwill games:友好運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)
goodwill visit:友好訪問(wèn)
pay a goodwill visit to
official visit:官方正式訪問(wèn)
state visit:國(guó)事訪問(wèn)
cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高興，快樂(lè)無(wú)比
inclinationn. 意愿
inclinev.
be inclined to do sth表示強(qiáng)烈的意愿
I am inclined to take toefl.
willing
show inclination tofollow one's inclination 隨心所欲
contestn. 比賽
近義詞：competition game match tournament race
contest:a group of judges
beauty contest選美比賽
competition:socially 抽象使用
Social competition is fierce.
Dog eat dog.人吃人。形容競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。
game:physically ,mentally
match:quite important
China won the 2002 World Cup match.
tournament:淘汰賽，巡回賽。
race:以速度見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)
cycle racing 自行車比賽
car racing 賽車
orgy n.恣意，放蕩
revelry in 狂歡
I revelry in my success.
on a spree
The girl is on a shoping spree.
competitive
combative-貶義詞 同 aggressive
competitive-褒義詞／中性詞
competitor-競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者
compete with sb. for sth.
pick up 隨意挑選
side 隊(duì)
patriotismn.地方觀眾，愛(ài)國(guó)主義
patriot:愛(ài)國(guó)者patriotic:愛(ài)國(guó)的
involvevt.卷入
involve oneself in scandal be involved in
prestigen.聲譽(yù)
prestigious a.享有聲譽(yù)的 Qinghua university is very prestigious.
近義詞：fame renown(renowned 的) reputation eminence
disgracevt.使丟臉
grace,graceful-graceless
disgraceful 丟臉 Your essay is very guaceful.
fame-defamehonor-dishonor
stigmaa(污點(diǎn)) vt.stigmatizeRobbery stigmatizes him.
savagen.野性的
inhuman 殘忍無(wú)比 nonhuman （非人類的）
mercy-mercilessruth-ruthless
beastly
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
Frankly speaking(To be frank) 坦白的說(shuō)candid 坦白的straightly 直率的
mimic a.與……相似
mimic-只用作定語(yǔ)
similar-可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) Our ideas are similar. We have similar ideas.
alike-只作表語(yǔ)
Great minds think alike.英雄所見(jiàn)略同。
behaviour 行動(dòng) 舉止
Behave oneself.規(guī)矩點(diǎn)兒。
attituden.態(tài)度
spectatorn.觀眾
audience 聽(tīng)眾 audial 聽(tīng)
visual
spectacle: 壯麗景色；眼鏡
viewer電視觀眾
work…into…引起…注意…
into 后接表示感情的詞
furyn.狂熱
furious a.—強(qiáng)于 anger,annoyance,aggravation
rage---suddenly & quickly
absurda.荒唐的
近義詞 illogical irrational senseless ridiculous
r 開(kāi)頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加 ir
l 開(kāi)頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加 il
at any rate 無(wú)論，至少＝at least
Notes on the text 課文注釋
amazed: surprised,astound,astonished
前兩個(gè)詞都可以用作表語(yǔ)和主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后兩個(gè)詞只有表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
The news surprised me.
I was surprised by the news.
I am astonished to hear the news.
You should not say”The news astonished me”.
hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doing
if only:
1. 表虛擬，當(dāng)“真好”講,后面無(wú)任何主從句。
If only I had a pair of wings.我要有雙翅膀就好了。
If only I could fly to the moon.
2. 作為條件句＝as long as，后面須有主句。
deduce:推導(dǎo)
the background of the 1936 Olympic games :二戰(zhàn)時(shí)在德國(guó)柏林舉行，*舉辦的目的為
了宣傳他的 national supremacy(民主優(yōu)越性)。然而，事與愿違，本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)出現(xiàn)了
一位獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷的田徑大王－美國(guó)黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)員，杰西•歐文斯，他共獲得 4 枚金牌，
讓* disgrace(顏面盡失)，后人評(píng)論“the 1936 Olympin games is a mistake”,而
且稱為 political tragedy,影射*的種族歧視，導(dǎo)致極端的仇恨，引發(fā)二戰(zhàn)。
neagly all 基本肯定
green: 綠地
aroused:被激發(fā)起來(lái)
frankly: 真正的
mimic warfare:模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
battle field-fight to win,commander,do your utmost,blood,lose life,machine guns
sport field—play to win,coach,do your best ,sweat,lose life,hand leg foot
fury over 對(duì)…憤怒
virtue:quality