2016新SAT語法考點中的逗號使用

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2016新SAT語法考點中的逗號使用
    2016年3月, 新 SAT 語法以嶄新的形式(Writing and Language Test,即寫作語言測試)出現(xiàn)在 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 這部分里。要求考生在以段落為語境的基礎上,不僅從文章的發(fā)展結構方面修改,而且從以書面英語為標準審查段落的語言方面修改。跟舊 SAT 不一樣的是,新的 SAT 加入了一個全新的語法點——標點符號。其中逗號的考點是最常見的,那么今天我們來討論一下逗號的用法。
    1.逗號:用于連接一個句子中的并列成分
     例句:The main products of the district are wool, cotton, timber and tung-oil.
     The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act.

     必記公式:a and b(兩個名詞短語平行不用逗號)
     a, b, and c
     a, b, c, and d
     題型講解:
     新SAT OG-T1-Q4:Whey to Go
     Yogurt manufacturers, food [Q4] scientists; and government officials are also working together to develop additional solutions for reusing whey.
     Question 4
     A. NO CHANGE (scientists; and)
     B. scientists: and
     C. scientists, and
     D. scientists, and,
    本題中,yogurt manufacturers, food scientists與government officials是并列成分,按照我們的標點公式:a, b, and c, 正確答案為C。
    2. 逗號:用于分隔插入語(同位語,非限,狀語從句等)
     例句:Tom’s sister, a pop singer, will appear at the opening ceremony tonight.
     必記公式:S,……, VO.
     S,who/which……, VO.
     題型講解:
     新SAT OG-T3-Q41:More than One Way to Dress a Cat
     The person chosen for this [Q41] task, digital artist, Eldar Zakirov painted the cats in the style traditionally used by portrait artists, in so doing[Q42] presenting the cats as noble individuals worthy of respect.
     Question 41.
     A. NO CHANGE (task, digital artist, Eldar Zakirov)
     B. task, digital artist, Eldar Zakirov,
     C. task digital artist Eldar Zakirov,
     D. task, digital artist Eldar Zakirov,
    第[Q41] 題中,主語是The person chosen for this task, 謂語動詞是painted, 插入語部分是digital artist Eldar Zakirov,按照我們的標點公式:S,……, VO. 正確答案為D。
    3.逗號:用于連接詞FANBOYS (FANBOYS-for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so )之前
     例句:He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.

     必記公式: SVO, for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so SVO.
     需要特殊注意的是however前后的標點,以下這三種情況都是正確的。
     必記公式:
     SVO.However, SVO.
     SVO; however, SVO.
     S, however, VO.
    4.逗號,用于狀語從句、介詞短語或分詞短語后
     例句:When the bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class.

     (注意,如果狀語從句在主句之后,逗號通常省略。例如:The teacher dismissed the classwhen the bell rang.)
     In the ancient palace, they saw the throne where emperors used to sit.
     那么,在新SAT的干擾選項里常見錯誤有哪些呢?
     1.逗號連接兩個句子:
     SVO, SVO.
     I love the film, he loves the food.(錯誤)
     I love the film, and he loves the food.(正確)
     I love the film. He loves the food.(正確)
     I love the film; he loves the food.(正確)
    2.句子的主語和謂語動詞之間加了一個逗號
     S, VO.
     Few taxpayers received, the much talked-about debate.(錯誤)
     Few taxpayers received, the much talked-about debate.(正確)
     S, who/which vo VO
     My grandmother, who smokes a lot is ninety. (錯誤)
     My grandmother, who smokes a lot, is ninety. (正確)
    “標點很要緊。如果一個人標點不大會用,說明他語言不夠清楚。”這是葉圣陶先生曾經(jīng)強調過的。標點是輔助文字記錄語言的一套符號,是文章里不可缺少的組成部分。
     如果大家想進一步了解標點符號的正確使用,可以使用下面列舉的參考書目。
    書名作者出版社
     英語標點符號用法指南李經(jīng)偉金盾出版社
     The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation:Jane Straus
     Lester Kaufman
     Tom Stern
     Wiley; 11 (2014年2月10日)
     Merriam-Webster's Guide to Punctuation and Style
     Merriam-WebsterMerriam Webster,U.S.; 2002-02-07 (2002年2月7日)
     Collins Primary Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling (Collins Primary Dictionaries)Collins (2014年4月10日)
     Webster's New World Punctuation: Simplified and AppliedWebster's New World (2011年9月26日)
    以上就是新東方在線郭潔老師為大家?guī)淼男耂AT語法的最新動向。最后預祝大家在2016新SAT考試中取得優(yōu)異成績。