2015年真題
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers
(1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
(2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs.
By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.
(3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the Intemet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibers are used to send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signals once they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.
(4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arotmd a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data," said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
(5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector -- something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."
(6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3__________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Expectation of the discovery
B. The problem of current computers
C. A new finding
D. The purpose of the research
E. Public reaction to the discovery
F. The use of the new material
27. The result of the research can help computers to increase __________.
28. Current computers transfer information using __________.
29. The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function __________.
30. Glass is used in the research to carry and process
A. optical information
B. processing speeds
C. electrons
D. positive charges
E. data technologies
F. all-optical systems
2014年真題
Pathways to Research: Problem-solving
(1) Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue, which famously climbs at a nearly 40-degree angle. As a result, some residents avoid biking altogether.
(2) But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll,23, and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO.
A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedaling, it zips up the city's most daunting(令人卻步的)hills. Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.
(3) If it sounds like Toll has a knack ( 竅門 ) for fixing problems, that's because he does. In high school, he designed a new type of construction beam. It weighs no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy ( 堅(jiān)固的 ) homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.
For his work, Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(self)- twice, in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science & the Public (that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids). Toll says that when, it comes to science, he keeps it simple: "You see a problem and say, "How could I solve that?"
(4) He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities. When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit their community, "a passion is ignited (點(diǎn)燃) ," says Wendy Hawkins, executive director of the Inter Foundation, which sponsors Intel ISEF." Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success," she says.
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
B. The enthusiasm for solving problems
C. The young researchers' passion
D. An invention increasing pedal power
E. Why people avoid biking in Pittsburgh
F. The cause of national disaster
27. A Pulse PEVO is powered with __________.
28. Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to __________.
29. A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like __________.
30. Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that may __________.
A. a nearly 40-degree angle
B. get on bikes
C. a feather pillow
D. fix more problems
E. a super-strong battery
F. benefit their community
2013年真題
Black Holes
(1) Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space.
Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的 ) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
(2) Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星質(zhì)量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that's ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole that's only a fraction of an inch!
(3) Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It's possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits ( 軌道) do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
(4)So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies (銀河系) , space and the solar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
B. What are different types of black holes?
C. How are black holes formed?
D. How were black holes named
E. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
F..What are black holes made of?
27. Black holes are formed after__________.
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into __________.
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of__________.
30. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity helps to prove __________.
A. the creation of new entities
B. an explosion of huge stars
C. the tiniest particle
D. the same amount of mass
E. the existence of black holes
F. a fraction of an inch
答案與解析
2015年真題
23．C。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第二段的第一句是主題句，可知幾所大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)amorphous chalcogenides的電子特性可以改變，amorphous chalcogenides是數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)必需的一種玻璃材料，其他句子具體解釋這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以C(一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn))是正
確答案。
24．B。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第三段沒有明顯的主題句，主要介紹了目前電腦使用電子進(jìn)行信息的傳輸和應(yīng)用的處理，但是這會(huì)引起處理速度的顯著下降(significant slowdown)，故B(目前電腦的問題)是正確答案。
25．D。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第四段的主題句為首句，即挑戰(zhàn)就是要找到一種單一的材料，可以有效地使用和控制光來(lái)攜帶信息，故D(研究的目的)是正確答案。
26．F。題干：第五段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第五段沒有明顯的主題句，主要說(shuō)明了過(guò)去特別困擾研究者，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)如何廣泛使用玻璃來(lái)傳導(dǎo)負(fù)電子以及正電子，這使得該材料可以發(fā)揮光源的作用，故F(新材料的用途)是正確答案。
27．B。題干：研究的結(jié)果有助于電腦增加__________。按照出題順序與段落順序一致的原則，利用help computers to increase可以定位到第一段的最后一句，可知這將有效提高電腦的處理速度和功率，所以答案為B(處理速度)。
28．C。題干：目前電腦傳輸信息使用__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Current和transfer information可以定位到第三段第一句，可知目前電腦使用電子進(jìn)行信息的傳輸和應(yīng)用的處理，所以該題答案為C(電子)。
29．F。題干：新的玻璃材料使得滿足不同的計(jì)算功能的__________成為可能。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞different computing functions可以定位到第二段的最后一句，可知通過(guò)這種玻璃材料可以使用光把不同的計(jì)算功能融進(jìn)一個(gè)零件之中，從而形成全光系統(tǒng)，所以答案為F(全光系統(tǒng))。
30．A。題干：玻璃被用在研究中是為了攜帶和處理__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞9lass和carry and process可以定位到第五段“This should enable the material to act as a light source，a light guide and a light detector--something that can carry and interpret optical information”，可知這種玻璃可以發(fā)揮光源、光導(dǎo)和光檢測(cè)的作用，從而可以攜帶和解釋光學(xué)信息，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知A(光學(xué)信息)是正確答案。
2014年真題
23．E。題干：第一段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段首句講到：Pittsburgh的山峰對(duì)很多自行車騎行者不太友好。后面解釋了這里街道很陡(steep)。因此這一段的主題是E(為什么人們不在Pittsburgh騎車)。
24．D。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第二段首句講到：有人最近開發(fā)了一種有望增加蹬力的發(fā)明。因此該段主題答案為D(增加蹬力的發(fā)明)。
25．B。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。本段的主題句為第一句：如果聽上去Toll有解決問題的竅門，那是因?yàn)門oll確實(shí)有。后面的事例都在證明他如何展現(xiàn)自己解決問題的能力和激情。因此B選項(xiàng)(解決問題的熱情)是答案。
26．C。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。通過(guò)該段前兩句可知：Toll不是一個(gè)采用這種途徑(解決日常實(shí)際問題)的人，年輕的研究者們也會(huì)從致力于解決社區(qū)實(shí)際問題開始，該段中也出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞passion(激情)，跟C選項(xiàng)形成對(duì)應(yīng)。
27．E。題干：一個(gè)脈沖PEVO用__________提供能量。由PEVO定位到第二段中“An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO．A super-strong baRery powers the bicycle”，由此可知a super-strong baRery(超強(qiáng)電池)是正確答案。
28．B。題干：Toll希望他的脈沖PEV0能鼓勵(lì)人們__________。用hope和PEVO定位到第二段最后一句“Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out oftheir cars and onto bikes”，可知他希望人們能由此走出汽車，騎上自行車。因此答案為B。
29．C。題干：Toll發(fā)明的建設(shè)光束重量像 __________ 。由construction beam定位到第三段中“It weighs no more than a feather pillow”，可知C(羽毛枕頭)是正確答案。
30．F。題干：很多年輕研究者尋找問題的解決方案以便__________。用young researchers定位到最后一段“Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities”可知，年輕的研究者們從解決問題開始時(shí)為了滿足社區(qū)的需求。因此F(造福他們的社區(qū))是正確答案。
2013年真題
23．C。第一段沒有主題句，通過(guò)第二句可知黑洞形成是由于巨大的星體爆炸，第三句說(shuō)明了巨大的星體是如何爆炸的，所以第一段講的就是黑洞的形成過(guò)程，因此答案為C(黑洞是如何形成的)。
24．F。第二段首旬是主題句，即“黑洞來(lái)自那些由氫、其他氣體以及一些金屬組成的星體”，因而F選項(xiàng)(黑洞是由什么構(gòu)成的)為正確答案。
25．E。第三段的主題句為首句，即“被黑洞吞噬的物體永遠(yuǎn)存在，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)逃逸出來(lái)”。但第二個(gè)句子是將but放在句首，所以重點(diǎn)就轉(zhuǎn)向第二個(gè)句子，即“但是要記住黑洞只能吞噬與其保持特定距離的物體”，所以E(黑洞周圍的物體會(huì)怎么樣)為正確答案。
26．A。第四段的主題句是首句，即“到目前為止，天文學(xué)家根據(jù)愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論已經(jīng)推斷出黑洞的存在”，后面的句子都是有關(guān)天文學(xué)家對(duì)黑洞的研究，并且證明黑洞是真實(shí)存在的，所以A選項(xiàng)(有證據(jù)證明黑洞真實(shí)存在嗎)為正確答案。
27．B。題干：黑洞是__________在之后形成的。利用題干的關(guān)鍵詞black holes和form可以定位到第一段第二句，可知科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞源于巨大的星體爆炸，所以正確答案為B(巨大星體的爆炸)。
28．C。題干：當(dāng)巨大的星體爆炸時(shí)，重力將爆炸物壓縮成__________。利用題干的關(guān)鍵詞explode，compact，gravity可以定位到第二段：“…，and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle．”可知重力把爆炸產(chǎn)生的物體壓縮成顆粒。因此此處填“最微小的粒子”，所以正確答案為C(最微小的顆粒)。
29．D。題干：新形成的黑洞和產(chǎn)生黑洞的那個(gè)星體__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞the newly formed black hole可以定位到文章第三段“the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star”，可知黑洞和形成黑洞的那個(gè)星體的質(zhì)量相同，所以正確答案為D。
30．E。題干：愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論有助于證明__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Albert Einstein’s theory定位到文章第四段第一句，可知天文學(xué)家斷定黑洞的存在是因?yàn)閻垡蛩固沟南鄬?duì)論，所以正確答案為E。
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers
(1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
(2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs.
By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.
(3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the Intemet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibers are used to send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signals once they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.
(4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arotmd a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data," said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
(5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector -- something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."
(6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3__________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Expectation of the discovery
B. The problem of current computers
C. A new finding
D. The purpose of the research
E. Public reaction to the discovery
F. The use of the new material
27. The result of the research can help computers to increase __________.
28. Current computers transfer information using __________.
29. The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function __________.
30. Glass is used in the research to carry and process
A. optical information
B. processing speeds
C. electrons
D. positive charges
E. data technologies
F. all-optical systems
2014年真題
Pathways to Research: Problem-solving
(1) Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue, which famously climbs at a nearly 40-degree angle. As a result, some residents avoid biking altogether.
(2) But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll,23, and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO.
A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedaling, it zips up the city's most daunting(令人卻步的)hills. Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.
(3) If it sounds like Toll has a knack ( 竅門 ) for fixing problems, that's because he does. In high school, he designed a new type of construction beam. It weighs no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy ( 堅(jiān)固的 ) homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.
For his work, Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(self)- twice, in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science & the Public (that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids). Toll says that when, it comes to science, he keeps it simple: "You see a problem and say, "How could I solve that?"
(4) He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities. When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit their community, "a passion is ignited (點(diǎn)燃) ," says Wendy Hawkins, executive director of the Inter Foundation, which sponsors Intel ISEF." Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success," she says.
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
B. The enthusiasm for solving problems
C. The young researchers' passion
D. An invention increasing pedal power
E. Why people avoid biking in Pittsburgh
F. The cause of national disaster
27. A Pulse PEVO is powered with __________.
28. Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to __________.
29. A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like __________.
30. Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that may __________.
A. a nearly 40-degree angle
B. get on bikes
C. a feather pillow
D. fix more problems
E. a super-strong battery
F. benefit their community
2013年真題
Black Holes
(1) Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space.
Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的 ) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
(2) Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星質(zhì)量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that's ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole that's only a fraction of an inch!
(3) Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It's possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits ( 軌道) do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
(4)So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies (銀河系) , space and the solar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
B. What are different types of black holes?
C. How are black holes formed?
D. How were black holes named
E. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
F..What are black holes made of?
27. Black holes are formed after__________.
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into __________.
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of__________.
30. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity helps to prove __________.
A. the creation of new entities
B. an explosion of huge stars
C. the tiniest particle
D. the same amount of mass
E. the existence of black holes
F. a fraction of an inch
答案與解析
2015年真題
23．C。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第二段的第一句是主題句，可知幾所大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)amorphous chalcogenides的電子特性可以改變，amorphous chalcogenides是數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)必需的一種玻璃材料，其他句子具體解釋這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以C(一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn))是正
確答案。
24．B。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第三段沒有明顯的主題句，主要介紹了目前電腦使用電子進(jìn)行信息的傳輸和應(yīng)用的處理，但是這會(huì)引起處理速度的顯著下降(significant slowdown)，故B(目前電腦的問題)是正確答案。
25．D。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第四段的主題句為首句，即挑戰(zhàn)就是要找到一種單一的材料，可以有效地使用和控制光來(lái)攜帶信息，故D(研究的目的)是正確答案。
26．F。題干：第五段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第五段沒有明顯的主題句，主要說(shuō)明了過(guò)去特別困擾研究者，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)如何廣泛使用玻璃來(lái)傳導(dǎo)負(fù)電子以及正電子，這使得該材料可以發(fā)揮光源的作用，故F(新材料的用途)是正確答案。
27．B。題干：研究的結(jié)果有助于電腦增加__________。按照出題順序與段落順序一致的原則，利用help computers to increase可以定位到第一段的最后一句，可知這將有效提高電腦的處理速度和功率，所以答案為B(處理速度)。
28．C。題干：目前電腦傳輸信息使用__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Current和transfer information可以定位到第三段第一句，可知目前電腦使用電子進(jìn)行信息的傳輸和應(yīng)用的處理，所以該題答案為C(電子)。
29．F。題干：新的玻璃材料使得滿足不同的計(jì)算功能的__________成為可能。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞different computing functions可以定位到第二段的最后一句，可知通過(guò)這種玻璃材料可以使用光把不同的計(jì)算功能融進(jìn)一個(gè)零件之中，從而形成全光系統(tǒng)，所以答案為F(全光系統(tǒng))。
30．A。題干：玻璃被用在研究中是為了攜帶和處理__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞9lass和carry and process可以定位到第五段“This should enable the material to act as a light source，a light guide and a light detector--something that can carry and interpret optical information”，可知這種玻璃可以發(fā)揮光源、光導(dǎo)和光檢測(cè)的作用，從而可以攜帶和解釋光學(xué)信息，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知A(光學(xué)信息)是正確答案。
2014年真題
23．E。題干：第一段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段首句講到：Pittsburgh的山峰對(duì)很多自行車騎行者不太友好。后面解釋了這里街道很陡(steep)。因此這一段的主題是E(為什么人們不在Pittsburgh騎車)。
24．D。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第二段首句講到：有人最近開發(fā)了一種有望增加蹬力的發(fā)明。因此該段主題答案為D(增加蹬力的發(fā)明)。
25．B。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。本段的主題句為第一句：如果聽上去Toll有解決問題的竅門，那是因?yàn)門oll確實(shí)有。后面的事例都在證明他如何展現(xiàn)自己解決問題的能力和激情。因此B選項(xiàng)(解決問題的熱情)是答案。
26．C。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。通過(guò)該段前兩句可知：Toll不是一個(gè)采用這種途徑(解決日常實(shí)際問題)的人，年輕的研究者們也會(huì)從致力于解決社區(qū)實(shí)際問題開始，該段中也出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞passion(激情)，跟C選項(xiàng)形成對(duì)應(yīng)。
27．E。題干：一個(gè)脈沖PEVO用__________提供能量。由PEVO定位到第二段中“An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO．A super-strong baRery powers the bicycle”，由此可知a super-strong baRery(超強(qiáng)電池)是正確答案。
28．B。題干：Toll希望他的脈沖PEV0能鼓勵(lì)人們__________。用hope和PEVO定位到第二段最后一句“Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out oftheir cars and onto bikes”，可知他希望人們能由此走出汽車，騎上自行車。因此答案為B。
29．C。題干：Toll發(fā)明的建設(shè)光束重量像 __________ 。由construction beam定位到第三段中“It weighs no more than a feather pillow”，可知C(羽毛枕頭)是正確答案。
30．F。題干：很多年輕研究者尋找問題的解決方案以便__________。用young researchers定位到最后一段“Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities”可知，年輕的研究者們從解決問題開始時(shí)為了滿足社區(qū)的需求。因此F(造福他們的社區(qū))是正確答案。
2013年真題
23．C。第一段沒有主題句，通過(guò)第二句可知黑洞形成是由于巨大的星體爆炸，第三句說(shuō)明了巨大的星體是如何爆炸的，所以第一段講的就是黑洞的形成過(guò)程，因此答案為C(黑洞是如何形成的)。
24．F。第二段首旬是主題句，即“黑洞來(lái)自那些由氫、其他氣體以及一些金屬組成的星體”，因而F選項(xiàng)(黑洞是由什么構(gòu)成的)為正確答案。
25．E。第三段的主題句為首句，即“被黑洞吞噬的物體永遠(yuǎn)存在，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)逃逸出來(lái)”。但第二個(gè)句子是將but放在句首，所以重點(diǎn)就轉(zhuǎn)向第二個(gè)句子，即“但是要記住黑洞只能吞噬與其保持特定距離的物體”，所以E(黑洞周圍的物體會(huì)怎么樣)為正確答案。
26．A。第四段的主題句是首句，即“到目前為止，天文學(xué)家根據(jù)愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論已經(jīng)推斷出黑洞的存在”，后面的句子都是有關(guān)天文學(xué)家對(duì)黑洞的研究，并且證明黑洞是真實(shí)存在的，所以A選項(xiàng)(有證據(jù)證明黑洞真實(shí)存在嗎)為正確答案。
27．B。題干：黑洞是__________在之后形成的。利用題干的關(guān)鍵詞black holes和form可以定位到第一段第二句，可知科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞源于巨大的星體爆炸，所以正確答案為B(巨大星體的爆炸)。
28．C。題干：當(dāng)巨大的星體爆炸時(shí)，重力將爆炸物壓縮成__________。利用題干的關(guān)鍵詞explode，compact，gravity可以定位到第二段：“…，and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle．”可知重力把爆炸產(chǎn)生的物體壓縮成顆粒。因此此處填“最微小的粒子”，所以正確答案為C(最微小的顆粒)。
29．D。題干：新形成的黑洞和產(chǎn)生黑洞的那個(gè)星體__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞the newly formed black hole可以定位到文章第三段“the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star”，可知黑洞和形成黑洞的那個(gè)星體的質(zhì)量相同，所以正確答案為D。
30．E。題干：愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論有助于證明__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Albert Einstein’s theory定位到文章第四段第一句，可知天文學(xué)家斷定黑洞的存在是因?yàn)閻垡蛩固沟南鄬?duì)論，所以正確答案為E。