cause n. 原因;導(dǎo)致某事發(fā)生的人或事 vt. 引起，使產(chǎn)生
[特征]
- The cause of the fire was carelessness.
起火的原因是由于疏忽。
- The war caused disasters to the people.
戰(zhàn)爭給人們帶來了災(zāi)難。
- His absence caused me much trouble.
他的缺席給我?guī)砹嗽S多麻煩。
[貼心叮嚀]
cause是非常重要的單詞，要注意它作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法。
[考點(diǎn)]
①cause作“引起”，“導(dǎo)致”講時(shí)，后面可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，不可接動(dòng)詞原形、形容詞、副詞或分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
(誤)What caused her so sad?
(正)What caused her to be so sad?
什么使她如此難過?
(誤)Nothing can cause him change his mind.
(正)Nothing can cause him to change his mind.
什么也不能使他改變主意。
②cause作名詞“原因”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，其后面接介詞of;作“理由”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，其后面接介詞for。
- The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.
大雨是導(dǎo)致洪水產(chǎn)生的原因。
- You have no cause for complaint.
你沒有理由抱怨。
[備考必背] 辨析cause和reason
這兩個(gè)詞都可指“原因，理由”。cause是指造成事實(shí)的“原因”，是客觀的;reason則指對(duì)某種行為的解釋，意為“理由”。
certain adj. ①確定的，無疑的 ②某種，一定的
[特征]
- I am certain that you'll follow me.
我確信你會(huì)跟我來。
- For a certain reason she began to cry.
由于某種原因，她開始哭起來。
[貼心叮嚀]
certain不僅經(jīng)常考到，在口語中也經(jīng)常用到。
[考點(diǎn)]
certain作“肯定的，確信的”講時(shí)，多用作表語，后面可接從句、不定式、of等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。請(qǐng)記住下面的短語和句型：
be certain of/about 對(duì)……有把握
- We are certain of victory.
我們勝券在握。
be certain to 一定會(huì)
- I'm certain to do well next time.
我下次一定會(huì)做得很好。
It is certain that ... 一定會(huì)……
- It is certain that two and two makes four.
二加二等于四是確定無疑的。
be not certain whether/what/which ... 不能確定……
- I am not certain whether he will come.
我不能肯定他是否會(huì)來。
[備考必背] 派生詞
certainly adv. 當(dāng)然，必定
challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn)
[特征]
- I acdepted his challenge to run the race.
我接受了他提出的和我賽跑的挑戰(zhàn)。
[貼心叮嚀]
challenge是很重要的單詞，要注意它的相關(guān)詞組。
[備考必背] 重要詞組
face the challenge 面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn) meet the challenge 滿足要求;完成任務(wù)
changeable adj. 可改變的，易變的
[特征]
- The weather here is changeable.
這兒的天氣多變。
[練習(xí)與解答]
- Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to before the party. [2004 全國]
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
答案 A
(快點(diǎn)，薩拉!我擔(dān)心你在聚會(huì)以前沒時(shí)間換衣服了。本題考查“系動(dòng)詞+表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。get changed的意思是“換衣服”，changed是過去分詞用作表語，此用法和get dressed及be seated一樣。)
[特征]
- The cause of the fire was carelessness.
起火的原因是由于疏忽。
- The war caused disasters to the people.
戰(zhàn)爭給人們帶來了災(zāi)難。
- His absence caused me much trouble.
他的缺席給我?guī)砹嗽S多麻煩。
[貼心叮嚀]
cause是非常重要的單詞，要注意它作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法。
[考點(diǎn)]
①cause作“引起”，“導(dǎo)致”講時(shí)，后面可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，不可接動(dòng)詞原形、形容詞、副詞或分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
(誤)What caused her so sad?
(正)What caused her to be so sad?
什么使她如此難過?
(誤)Nothing can cause him change his mind.
(正)Nothing can cause him to change his mind.
什么也不能使他改變主意。
②cause作名詞“原因”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，其后面接介詞of;作“理由”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，其后面接介詞for。
- The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.
大雨是導(dǎo)致洪水產(chǎn)生的原因。
- You have no cause for complaint.
你沒有理由抱怨。
[備考必背] 辨析cause和reason
這兩個(gè)詞都可指“原因，理由”。cause是指造成事實(shí)的“原因”，是客觀的;reason則指對(duì)某種行為的解釋，意為“理由”。
certain adj. ①確定的，無疑的 ②某種，一定的
[特征]
- I am certain that you'll follow me.
我確信你會(huì)跟我來。
- For a certain reason she began to cry.
由于某種原因，她開始哭起來。
[貼心叮嚀]
certain不僅經(jīng)常考到，在口語中也經(jīng)常用到。
[考點(diǎn)]
certain作“肯定的，確信的”講時(shí)，多用作表語，后面可接從句、不定式、of等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。請(qǐng)記住下面的短語和句型：
be certain of/about 對(duì)……有把握
- We are certain of victory.
我們勝券在握。
be certain to 一定會(huì)
- I'm certain to do well next time.
我下次一定會(huì)做得很好。
It is certain that ... 一定會(huì)……
- It is certain that two and two makes four.
二加二等于四是確定無疑的。
be not certain whether/what/which ... 不能確定……
- I am not certain whether he will come.
我不能肯定他是否會(huì)來。
[備考必背] 派生詞
certainly adv. 當(dāng)然，必定
challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn)
[特征]
- I acdepted his challenge to run the race.
我接受了他提出的和我賽跑的挑戰(zhàn)。
[貼心叮嚀]
challenge是很重要的單詞，要注意它的相關(guān)詞組。
[備考必背] 重要詞組
face the challenge 面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn) meet the challenge 滿足要求;完成任務(wù)
changeable adj. 可改變的，易變的
[特征]
- The weather here is changeable.
這兒的天氣多變。
[練習(xí)與解答]
- Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to before the party. [2004 全國]
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
答案 A
(快點(diǎn)，薩拉!我擔(dān)心你在聚會(huì)以前沒時(shí)間換衣服了。本題考查“系動(dòng)詞+表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。get changed的意思是“換衣服”，changed是過去分詞用作表語，此用法和get dressed及be seated一樣。)