突破GRE邏輯閱讀7大語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)之省略結(jié)構(gòu)

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GRE邏輯閱讀為什么理解會(huì)比較困難呢?GRE邏輯閱讀中的句子相對(duì)托福考試要難的多,怎樣突破這些難句呢?小編為大家搜集整理有關(guān)GRE邏輯閱讀中突破GRE難句的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。
    省略結(jié)構(gòu)
    在英語(yǔ)的行文中,大家常常被其中的詞的省略造成的麻煩所困擾。其實(shí)這種困擾主要出自我們對(duì)其英文行文表達(dá)習(xí)慣和修辭手法的不了解。一般說(shuō)來(lái),英語(yǔ)文中的省略需遵守兩個(gè)原則:一是這個(gè)詞可有可無(wú),或者是多余的,總之就是少了它之后不會(huì)改變?cè)牡囊馑?,二是省略的詞義已經(jīng)在上下文中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。這里舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子讓大家,先吃個(gè)開胃餐:
    Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.這句話的中文意思是獨(dú)自旅行的人,要是餓了、受傷了或者生病了,除了最近的小木屋或居民點(diǎn),常常無(wú)處求援。這個(gè)句子在if后面省略了he is,這是因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間,地點(diǎn),條件,讓步,方式狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同(或?yàn)閕t),而從句的謂語(yǔ)又含有be(包括聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be和助動(dòng)詞be),則可把“主語(yǔ)+be”省略掉。但要注意有一類句子和省略句有相似的地方,如:You must get out of the city, and that quickly.(你得出城,而且得快.)這樣的句子并不是省略句,因?yàn)楹笠痪渲杏衪hat代表了要表示的意思。
    He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believe it, that the more extensive verifications are, that the more frequently experiments have been made and results of the same kind arrived at, that the more varied the conditions under which the same results have been attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.
    句子解析:在這句子由and連接的兩部分構(gòu)成,第一部分中although引導(dǎo)的其讓步作用的狀語(yǔ)從句將believes與其賓語(yǔ)部分分割開來(lái),believe后面的賓語(yǔ)部分包括三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句,和后面and前的部分,需要注意的是這里用了the more…the more…的結(jié)構(gòu),其中第二個(gè)the more子句中,arrived at省略了have been,而第三個(gè)the more子句中包含了一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
    句子翻譯:他相信,盡管他或許不知道自己相信,驗(yàn)證范圍越廣泛,試驗(yàn)做得越多且得出的結(jié)果相同,而且得出同一結(jié)果的條件越是多樣化,則最終的結(jié)論就越肯定無(wú)疑,他再也不對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題提出質(zhì)疑了。
    What is questioned is whether a country like Britain has a chance, assuming it has the will, to succeed where so many have failed, and even assuming that it has, should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leap-frog into leadership in entirely new technology, or whether it should take the softer option of merely catching up with the rest of the industrialized world.
    句子解析:這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。What is questioned是主語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)以whether引導(dǎo)的從句。第一個(gè)whether從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是a country has a chance to succeed and should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leap-frog into leadership in entirely new technology,而兩個(gè)assuming引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)表示假設(shè),此外where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句是為了做一對(duì)比,并且在第二個(gè)assuming從句的it has后面省略了the chance;第二個(gè)whether從句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單不再仔細(xì)討論。
    句子翻譯:現(xiàn)在提出的問(wèn)題是,像英國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家,假如愿意的話,是否有可能在很多國(guó)家已經(jīng)失敗的方面獲得成功。假如有這種可能,英國(guó)是否應(yīng)盡的努力,冒的財(cái)政風(fēng)險(xiǎn),一步進(jìn)入全新技術(shù)的前列,或者應(yīng)該采取比較穩(wěn)妥地選擇,只是趕上其他工業(yè)國(guó)的步伐。