2015年下半年英語四級答案：四級閱讀答案（新東方版）
提示：考試采取"多題多卷"模式，試題順序不統(tǒng)一，請依據(jù)試題進(jìn)行核對。
閱讀理解
選詞填空
第一篇（梁茂林）
參考答案
36、N。 saw 第一空顯然缺少謂語，優(yōu)先考慮動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語義并根據(jù)Late November and December可以推出應(yīng)選擇過去式動(dòng)詞，故答案鎖定saw。
37、F。 decades 根據(jù)two，首選復(fù)數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合語義，“ for the first time in the two decades”， 二十年來頭一次。
38、H。 globally 句子為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不缺主要成分，所以首選副詞和形容詞，根據(jù)語義，ever表示“一直以來地、向來地”，“十一月向來是全球范圍內(nèi)最溫暖的一個(gè)月。”
39、D。 chances 缺少主語，并且謂語是are，所以首選復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，結(jié)合前文Enjoy the snow now， “享受現(xiàn)在的雪吧”，因?yàn)椤皶r(shí)機(jī)是好的”。
40、J。 occurs 空格前方有主語，且是單數(shù)形式，而后面由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以主句謂語鎖定第三人稱單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞，只能選擇occurs。
41、A。 specific空格左為定冠詞the，空格右為名詞，中間只能選形容詞，選擇“特定的”符合語義。
42、B。 associated 空格左為be動(dòng)詞，右邊為介詞with，中間只能是形容詞或動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式，be associated with表示“與…有聯(lián)系”，符合原意。
43、G。 experiences 空格左為主語southern Africa，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單詞形式，結(jié)合語義，選G，“南非經(jīng)歷著干燥的天氣。
44、M。 reduce 空格左為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，空格內(nèi)必須為動(dòng)詞原形，填reduce“減少”符合原題。
45、K。 populations 空格與左邊的large fish 共同構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞support的賓語，只能選一個(gè)名詞來作為名詞詞組，故選K，“大量的魚群”。
選詞填空原文（一）
來源：El Ni?o Is On Its Way – Time
Read more： http://content.time.com/time/magazine/ar。。。z2prXcgzS6
For many Americans， 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold snap。 Late November and December saw early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country， part of a year when—for the first time in two decades—record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones。 But the U.S。 was the exception： November was the warmest ever globally， and the provisional data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth-hottest year on record。
Enjoy the snow now， because chances are good that 2014 will be even hotter—perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept。 That’s because， scientists are predicting， 2014 will be an El Ni?o year。
El Ni?o， Spanish for “the child”， occurs when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm。 So large is the Pacific， covering 30% of the planet’s surface， that the specific energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world。 El Ni?o are associated with abnormally dry conditions in the Southeast Asia and Australia。 They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America， even as southern Africa experiences dry weather。 Marine life may be affected too： El Ni?o the rising of the cold， nutrient-rich water that supports large fish populations， and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral。
仔細(xì)閱讀
第一篇（羅文婷）
這篇文章是發(fā)表在the Atlantic上的一篇新聞報(bào)道的節(jié)選段拼湊而成的，最后一段是出題人自己纂寫的。原文地址http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/12/the-year-in-sleep/383990/
Everybody sleeps—so goes the Sesame Street song meant for obstinately awake children。 That may be true， but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture。
Around the world， people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time。 Russians， for example， began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26。
Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays。 One such spike was on New Year’s Eve， which Russians tend to ring in with unusual fervor， as well as on World War II Victory Day。 According to another Jawbone finding， Russians have the world‘s latest bedtime on December 31， hitting the hay at around 3：30 a.m。
Russians also got up an hour later on International Women’s Day， the day for coddling and celebrating female relatives。
Similarly， Americans’ late nights， late mornings， and longest sleeps coincided with three-day weekends。
Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final。
The World Cup was also a major sleep-deprivation culprit。 The worst night for sleep in the U.K。 was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14。 Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it， and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights， the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime。 That was nothing， though， compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup。
It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns； in some of these nations， it’s likely that only the richest people do。 And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person。 Even if that’s the case， though， the above findings are still striking。 If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year， how much sleep are the rest of us losing？
參考答案及解析
61題，定位到第一段最后一句“varies by culture”，所以答案選A——They are culture-related。
62題，由題干的大寫名詞Russian定位到第二段和第三段。第二段的“Russian， for example， began to wake up about a half-hour later each day”這一句是干擾句，起得晚不一定睡得早，所以答案推不出“他們比其他地方的人睡得更久”。然后看到第三段“Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays”，所以答案為C——They don’t sleep much on holidays。
63題，題干問的是歐洲人缺乏睡眠的major cause主要原因是什么，由題干的大寫名詞Europeans’ loss定位到倒數(shù)第二段的“compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup”，原文的Germans， Italians， and the French就是題干中“Europeans”的同義改寫，而他們stayed up就是為了to watch the Cup，所以說他們?nèi)狈λ叩脑虮闶荂選項(xiàng)——The World Cup。
64題，問的是富有的人使用設(shè)備來記錄他們的睡眠模式的原因。由rich people以及device定位到最后一段第一句，定位句只說到了記錄的事實(shí)，而非其原因。按照四級閱讀金三句原則看到定位句的下一句“And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person”，記錄睡眠的人是想要得到比普通人更多的睡眠，所以答案是B——They want to get sufficient sleep。
65題，問的是作者在最后一段所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，定位到最后一句If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year， how much sleep are the rest of us losing？ 作者提到了health-conscious，人們對健康的意識是缺乏的，對健康是視而不見的，所以答案選B——Few people really know the importance of sleep。
提示：考試采取"多題多卷"模式，試題順序不統(tǒng)一，請依據(jù)試題進(jìn)行核對。
閱讀理解
選詞填空
第一篇（梁茂林）
參考答案
36、N。 saw 第一空顯然缺少謂語，優(yōu)先考慮動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語義并根據(jù)Late November and December可以推出應(yīng)選擇過去式動(dòng)詞，故答案鎖定saw。
37、F。 decades 根據(jù)two，首選復(fù)數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合語義，“ for the first time in the two decades”， 二十年來頭一次。
38、H。 globally 句子為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不缺主要成分，所以首選副詞和形容詞，根據(jù)語義，ever表示“一直以來地、向來地”，“十一月向來是全球范圍內(nèi)最溫暖的一個(gè)月。”
39、D。 chances 缺少主語，并且謂語是are，所以首選復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，結(jié)合前文Enjoy the snow now， “享受現(xiàn)在的雪吧”，因?yàn)椤皶r(shí)機(jī)是好的”。
40、J。 occurs 空格前方有主語，且是單數(shù)形式，而后面由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以主句謂語鎖定第三人稱單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞，只能選擇occurs。
41、A。 specific空格左為定冠詞the，空格右為名詞，中間只能選形容詞，選擇“特定的”符合語義。
42、B。 associated 空格左為be動(dòng)詞，右邊為介詞with，中間只能是形容詞或動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式，be associated with表示“與…有聯(lián)系”，符合原意。
43、G。 experiences 空格左為主語southern Africa，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單詞形式，結(jié)合語義，選G，“南非經(jīng)歷著干燥的天氣。
44、M。 reduce 空格左為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，空格內(nèi)必須為動(dòng)詞原形，填reduce“減少”符合原題。
45、K。 populations 空格與左邊的large fish 共同構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞support的賓語，只能選一個(gè)名詞來作為名詞詞組，故選K，“大量的魚群”。
選詞填空原文（一）
來源：El Ni?o Is On Its Way – Time
Read more： http://content.time.com/time/magazine/ar。。。z2prXcgzS6
For many Americans， 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold snap。 Late November and December saw early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country， part of a year when—for the first time in two decades—record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones。 But the U.S。 was the exception： November was the warmest ever globally， and the provisional data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth-hottest year on record。
Enjoy the snow now， because chances are good that 2014 will be even hotter—perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept。 That’s because， scientists are predicting， 2014 will be an El Ni?o year。
El Ni?o， Spanish for “the child”， occurs when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm。 So large is the Pacific， covering 30% of the planet’s surface， that the specific energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world。 El Ni?o are associated with abnormally dry conditions in the Southeast Asia and Australia。 They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America， even as southern Africa experiences dry weather。 Marine life may be affected too： El Ni?o the rising of the cold， nutrient-rich water that supports large fish populations， and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral。
仔細(xì)閱讀
第一篇（羅文婷）
這篇文章是發(fā)表在the Atlantic上的一篇新聞報(bào)道的節(jié)選段拼湊而成的，最后一段是出題人自己纂寫的。原文地址http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/12/the-year-in-sleep/383990/
Everybody sleeps—so goes the Sesame Street song meant for obstinately awake children。 That may be true， but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture。
Around the world， people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time。 Russians， for example， began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26。
Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays。 One such spike was on New Year’s Eve， which Russians tend to ring in with unusual fervor， as well as on World War II Victory Day。 According to another Jawbone finding， Russians have the world‘s latest bedtime on December 31， hitting the hay at around 3：30 a.m。
Russians also got up an hour later on International Women’s Day， the day for coddling and celebrating female relatives。
Similarly， Americans’ late nights， late mornings， and longest sleeps coincided with three-day weekends。
Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final。
The World Cup was also a major sleep-deprivation culprit。 The worst night for sleep in the U.K。 was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14。 Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it， and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights， the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime。 That was nothing， though， compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup。
It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns； in some of these nations， it’s likely that only the richest people do。 And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person。 Even if that’s the case， though， the above findings are still striking。 If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year， how much sleep are the rest of us losing？
參考答案及解析
61題，定位到第一段最后一句“varies by culture”，所以答案選A——They are culture-related。
62題，由題干的大寫名詞Russian定位到第二段和第三段。第二段的“Russian， for example， began to wake up about a half-hour later each day”這一句是干擾句，起得晚不一定睡得早，所以答案推不出“他們比其他地方的人睡得更久”。然后看到第三段“Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays”，所以答案為C——They don’t sleep much on holidays。
63題，題干問的是歐洲人缺乏睡眠的major cause主要原因是什么，由題干的大寫名詞Europeans’ loss定位到倒數(shù)第二段的“compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup”，原文的Germans， Italians， and the French就是題干中“Europeans”的同義改寫，而他們stayed up就是為了to watch the Cup，所以說他們?nèi)狈λ叩脑虮闶荂選項(xiàng)——The World Cup。
64題，問的是富有的人使用設(shè)備來記錄他們的睡眠模式的原因。由rich people以及device定位到最后一段第一句，定位句只說到了記錄的事實(shí)，而非其原因。按照四級閱讀金三句原則看到定位句的下一句“And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person”，記錄睡眠的人是想要得到比普通人更多的睡眠，所以答案是B——They want to get sufficient sleep。
65題，問的是作者在最后一段所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，定位到最后一句If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year， how much sleep are the rest of us losing？ 作者提到了health-conscious，人們對健康的意識是缺乏的，對健康是視而不見的，所以答案選B——Few people really know the importance of sleep。
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