New words and expression 生詞和短語
Philosopher n.哲學(xué)家
Wisdom n.智慧 (wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聰明的)
-- He showed great wisdom. 他展示了非凡的智慧。
-- He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.
cut one‘s wisdom teeth 開始懂事
Priest n.牧師
Spiritual adj.精神上的(adj.非物質(zhì)的, 精神的, 靈魂的)
-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要
spirited adj.精神飽滿的, 生機(jī)勃勃的, 勇敢的
-- a spirited girl 一個勇敢的女孩
-- low-spirited 沮喪的, high-spirited 興奮的
-- public-spirited 熱心公益的, a spirited debate 熱烈的辯論
mental adj.心理的, 智力的
physical adj.身體的, 物質(zhì)的, 自然的, 物理的
spirituous adj.酒精的, 含酒精的(liquor n.酒類)
-- spirituous liquor 烈性酒
Grudge v.不愿給, 舍不得給
surgeon n.外科大夫
passer-by n.過路人(復(fù)數(shù) passers-by)
dignity n.尊嚴(yán)(高貴)
lose one‘s dignity 丟面子, 失去尊嚴(yán)
-- If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.
-- Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她雖然很窮, 但沒有失去她的尊嚴(yán)。
Keep/stand on one‘s dignity 保持自已的尊嚴(yán)
pocket one‘s dignity [口]放下架子
with great dignity 儀態(tài)大方
-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity.
太太先生們的舉止應(yīng)該總是十分端莊體面的。
Dignify vt.使有尊嚴(yán), 使高貴
Dignified adj.高貴的，有尊嚴(yán)的
deliberately adv.故意地(深思熟慮的, 考慮周到的)
on purpose adv.故意
-- He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.
consequence n.后果, 結(jié)果
in consequence 因此, 結(jié)果
in consequence of... 因為...的緣故, 由于
take the consequences of… 承擔(dān)…責(zé)任
-- You have to take the consequences of the accidence.
Result 一種特殊的行動、運行或過程的結(jié)果
Effect n.結(jié)果, 效果, 作用, 影響
Outcome n.結(jié)果, 成果(自然的結(jié)果)
-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 當(dāng)時大選的結(jié)果還看不準(zhǔn)。
afflict v.使苦惱, 折磨
be afflicted with… 受…的折磨
-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)
affliction n.痛苦, 苦惱
afflictive adj.帶給人痛苦的, 苦惱的, 難受的
ease n.容易
with ease 熟練地, 輕而易舉地
at ease 安逸, 自由自在
be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不寧
put sb. at his ease 使某人寬心, 使某人感到無拘無束
-- The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. (shop assistant n.店員)
take one‘s ease 安心, 放心
-- I take my ease to study English here.
nature n.大自然
contempt n.蔑視
in contempt of… 不顧…
-- In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.(objection n.反對)
hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙視某人 = look down upon sb
-- I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.
Contemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齒的, 可輕視的
-- He is a contemptible person.
Contemptuous adj.輕蔑的, 傲慢的, 輕視的
Despite n.輕視, 怨[憎]恨, 輕蔑, 侮辱
Scorn(n.輕蔑, 嘲笑)
-- pour scorn on 不屑一顧, 嘲弄
Scornful(adj.輕視的，藐視的)
-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
他輕蔑地看了她一眼, 告訴她說, 那件衣服賣出去了。
envious adj.嫉妒的(羨慕的)
-- be envious of sb for his success = be envious of sb‘s success
忌妒(羨慕)某人的成功
jealous adj.妒忌的, 羨慕的, 吃醋的
-- She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我們的成就。
Tramp vt.vt.徒步走, 徒步旅行
Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者
Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女
Comfort n.安慰, 舒適
Material adj.物質(zhì)的 n.材料, 原料
Goods n.商品, 貨物
Willing adj.樂意的, 自愿的
Willingly adv.自動地, 欣然地
Precise adj.恰好的, 精確的, 準(zhǔn)確的
Precisely adv.正好, 恰恰, 精確地, 準(zhǔn)確地
Society n.社會
Skill n.技巧, 技藝, 技能, (專門)技術(shù)
General adj.一般的, 普通的
Rule n.常例, 習(xí)慣, 規(guī)律 n.規(guī)則, 慣例
Arouse vt.喚醒, 喚起, 鼓勵, 引起
Independence n.獨立, 自主
Sacrifice v.犧牲, 獻(xiàn)出 n.犧牲, 獻(xiàn)身
Choose vt.vi.(chose, chosen, choosing)挑選, 選擇
Aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意識到的
Anxiety n.憂慮, 焦急
Care n.煩惱, 憂慮
Felt [felt] (feel的過去式和過去分詞)
Text 課文
What is the most important thing for a tramp?
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
It is said that… 據(jù)說…
Live by = to make enough money to feed oneself
Live by… 以某種職業(yè)為生
Live on… 依靠某種食物維持生命, 或靠某人生活。
-- Sheep and cows live on grasses.
-- He lives chiefly on fruit. (Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地)
-- Though he is over thirty, he still lives on his parents.
In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling
wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
In the light of… 按照, 根據(jù), 考慮到, 從...的觀點
In the light of = according to = taking into account
-- The theory has been abandoned in the light of modern discovery.
-- In the light of the evidence it was decided to take the manufacturers to court.(n.法院, 庭院)
In accordance with... 依照…(用在法律上, 更加正式)
-- In accordance with the law
-- In accordance with the regulation (n.規(guī)則, 規(guī)章)
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is
extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
in terms of 按照, 在...方面, 就…而言, 關(guān)于
-- He thinks of every thing in terms of people’s interests.(n.利益)
他依據(jù)(按照)人民的利益考慮任何事。
In terms of
= in respect of(關(guān)于, 就…來說), with respect to(關(guān)于, 至于, 談到)
= in/with regard to(關(guān)于), as regards(關(guān)于, 至于)
There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we
might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
There are times when… 有的時候…
Would表達(dá)一種心理的愿望, 并不表示過去。
-- There are time when we would willingly give everything we possess to bring our family
happiness.
Grudge vt.吝嗇, 不愿給, 勉強(qiáng)給(后面要和名詞和動名詞搭配)
-- I grudge wasting time on this. 我不愿在這件事上浪費時間。
-- He grudge paying so much money for such bad food.
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods
are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
The conditions of society are such = Such are the conditions of society
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.
They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.
Require sth from…
In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
In seeking independence = In the course of seeking independence
In和動名詞搭配, 表示在…的過程當(dāng)中。
-- In speaking to him, I found that he stammers.(v.口吃, 結(jié)巴著說出)
On和動名詞搭配, 表示一…就…
-- In crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.(adj.脫去的, 解開的, 放松的)
在進(jìn)入大廳的時候, 我注意到我的鞋帶松了。
-- On crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.
一進(jìn)入大廳的時候, 我就注意到我的鞋帶松了。
A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.
He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
Fully = completely
He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands
of anxieties which afflict other people.
be free from… 不受…的影響, 免于...(= without)
-- The old lady is never free from pain.
-- free from error 沒有錯誤, free from anxiety 沒有憂慮
-- He is leading a life free from care and anxieties.
Care(n.煩惱, 憂慮) anxiety(n.憂慮, 焦急, 渴望, 熱望)
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
Make it possible for sb to do sth
By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever
do.
He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real
need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.
keep oneself alive 為了生存
We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but
how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of
life and their freedom from care?
With +名詞(表示具有、帶有)
-- How many of us can honestly say that we wouldn’t like to learn English well?
Multiple choice questions 多項選擇
1>A circumstance n.環(huán)境, 詳情, 境況
2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪惡的
compensate v.償還, 補(bǔ)償
inconvenience n.麻煩, 不方便之處
3>B in moments of truth = truly
undignified adj.無尊嚴(yán)的
compare v.比較, 相比, 比喻 n.比較
burden v.負(fù)擔(dān) n.擔(dān)子, 負(fù)擔(dān)
livelihood n.生計, 謀生
4>B
5>B a中的have to用的不恰當(dāng)
對兩者的否定
Neither…nor…
Nothing…nor…
Nor位于句首, 倒裝。
6>B
7>D contemptuously adv.輕蔑地
speak of 談及, 說到
speak for 代表...講話, 為…辯護(hù)
speak on 就…而發(fā)言
speak to 與…談話, 向...說
8>C
9>C
financial adj.財政的, 金融的
insure vt.給...保險 v.確保
sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不適, 惡心
10>
from place to place 從一個地方到另一個地方; 各地, 到處
= here and there 各處, 到處
one way or another 無論如何, 某種方法
in every sense 在各種意義上
-- He is a cheat in every sense.(cheat n.欺騙, 騙子)
11>B to survive = keep himself alive
12>C
look down upon/on 蔑視, 瞧不起
convict vt.(常與of連用)證明有…罪;宣判有…罪
-- He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有謀殺罪。
Blame vt.(常與for連用)責(zé)備, 譴責(zé) n.過失, 責(zé)備
-- She blamed me for the accident.
Condemn vt.判刑, 處刑(常與to連用)判以死刑或無期徒刑
be condemned to death 被判死刑
-- The prisoner was condemned to death.
Philosopher n.哲學(xué)家
Wisdom n.智慧 (wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聰明的)
-- He showed great wisdom. 他展示了非凡的智慧。
-- He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.
cut one‘s wisdom teeth 開始懂事
Priest n.牧師
Spiritual adj.精神上的(adj.非物質(zhì)的, 精神的, 靈魂的)
-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要
spirited adj.精神飽滿的, 生機(jī)勃勃的, 勇敢的
-- a spirited girl 一個勇敢的女孩
-- low-spirited 沮喪的, high-spirited 興奮的
-- public-spirited 熱心公益的, a spirited debate 熱烈的辯論
mental adj.心理的, 智力的
physical adj.身體的, 物質(zhì)的, 自然的, 物理的
spirituous adj.酒精的, 含酒精的(liquor n.酒類)
-- spirituous liquor 烈性酒
Grudge v.不愿給, 舍不得給
surgeon n.外科大夫
passer-by n.過路人(復(fù)數(shù) passers-by)
dignity n.尊嚴(yán)(高貴)
lose one‘s dignity 丟面子, 失去尊嚴(yán)
-- If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.
-- Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她雖然很窮, 但沒有失去她的尊嚴(yán)。
Keep/stand on one‘s dignity 保持自已的尊嚴(yán)
pocket one‘s dignity [口]放下架子
with great dignity 儀態(tài)大方
-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity.
太太先生們的舉止應(yīng)該總是十分端莊體面的。
Dignify vt.使有尊嚴(yán), 使高貴
Dignified adj.高貴的，有尊嚴(yán)的
deliberately adv.故意地(深思熟慮的, 考慮周到的)
on purpose adv.故意
-- He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.
consequence n.后果, 結(jié)果
in consequence 因此, 結(jié)果
in consequence of... 因為...的緣故, 由于
take the consequences of… 承擔(dān)…責(zé)任
-- You have to take the consequences of the accidence.
Result 一種特殊的行動、運行或過程的結(jié)果
Effect n.結(jié)果, 效果, 作用, 影響
Outcome n.結(jié)果, 成果(自然的結(jié)果)
-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 當(dāng)時大選的結(jié)果還看不準(zhǔn)。
afflict v.使苦惱, 折磨
be afflicted with… 受…的折磨
-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)
affliction n.痛苦, 苦惱
afflictive adj.帶給人痛苦的, 苦惱的, 難受的
ease n.容易
with ease 熟練地, 輕而易舉地
at ease 安逸, 自由自在
be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不寧
put sb. at his ease 使某人寬心, 使某人感到無拘無束
-- The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. (shop assistant n.店員)
take one‘s ease 安心, 放心
-- I take my ease to study English here.
nature n.大自然
contempt n.蔑視
in contempt of… 不顧…
-- In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.(objection n.反對)
hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙視某人 = look down upon sb
-- I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.
Contemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齒的, 可輕視的
-- He is a contemptible person.
Contemptuous adj.輕蔑的, 傲慢的, 輕視的
Despite n.輕視, 怨[憎]恨, 輕蔑, 侮辱
Scorn(n.輕蔑, 嘲笑)
-- pour scorn on 不屑一顧, 嘲弄
Scornful(adj.輕視的，藐視的)
-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
他輕蔑地看了她一眼, 告訴她說, 那件衣服賣出去了。
envious adj.嫉妒的(羨慕的)
-- be envious of sb for his success = be envious of sb‘s success
忌妒(羨慕)某人的成功
jealous adj.妒忌的, 羨慕的, 吃醋的
-- She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我們的成就。
Tramp vt.vt.徒步走, 徒步旅行
Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者
Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女
Comfort n.安慰, 舒適
Material adj.物質(zhì)的 n.材料, 原料
Goods n.商品, 貨物
Willing adj.樂意的, 自愿的
Willingly adv.自動地, 欣然地
Precise adj.恰好的, 精確的, 準(zhǔn)確的
Precisely adv.正好, 恰恰, 精確地, 準(zhǔn)確地
Society n.社會
Skill n.技巧, 技藝, 技能, (專門)技術(shù)
General adj.一般的, 普通的
Rule n.常例, 習(xí)慣, 規(guī)律 n.規(guī)則, 慣例
Arouse vt.喚醒, 喚起, 鼓勵, 引起
Independence n.獨立, 自主
Sacrifice v.犧牲, 獻(xiàn)出 n.犧牲, 獻(xiàn)身
Choose vt.vi.(chose, chosen, choosing)挑選, 選擇
Aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意識到的
Anxiety n.憂慮, 焦急
Care n.煩惱, 憂慮
Felt [felt] (feel的過去式和過去分詞)
Text 課文
What is the most important thing for a tramp?
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
It is said that… 據(jù)說…
Live by = to make enough money to feed oneself
Live by… 以某種職業(yè)為生
Live on… 依靠某種食物維持生命, 或靠某人生活。
-- Sheep and cows live on grasses.
-- He lives chiefly on fruit. (Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地)
-- Though he is over thirty, he still lives on his parents.
In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling
wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
In the light of… 按照, 根據(jù), 考慮到, 從...的觀點
In the light of = according to = taking into account
-- The theory has been abandoned in the light of modern discovery.
-- In the light of the evidence it was decided to take the manufacturers to court.(n.法院, 庭院)
In accordance with... 依照…(用在法律上, 更加正式)
-- In accordance with the law
-- In accordance with the regulation (n.規(guī)則, 規(guī)章)
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is
extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
in terms of 按照, 在...方面, 就…而言, 關(guān)于
-- He thinks of every thing in terms of people’s interests.(n.利益)
他依據(jù)(按照)人民的利益考慮任何事。
In terms of
= in respect of(關(guān)于, 就…來說), with respect to(關(guān)于, 至于, 談到)
= in/with regard to(關(guān)于), as regards(關(guān)于, 至于)
There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we
might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
There are times when… 有的時候…
Would表達(dá)一種心理的愿望, 并不表示過去。
-- There are time when we would willingly give everything we possess to bring our family
happiness.
Grudge vt.吝嗇, 不愿給, 勉強(qiáng)給(后面要和名詞和動名詞搭配)
-- I grudge wasting time on this. 我不愿在這件事上浪費時間。
-- He grudge paying so much money for such bad food.
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods
are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
The conditions of society are such = Such are the conditions of society
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.
They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.
Require sth from…
In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
In seeking independence = In the course of seeking independence
In和動名詞搭配, 表示在…的過程當(dāng)中。
-- In speaking to him, I found that he stammers.(v.口吃, 結(jié)巴著說出)
On和動名詞搭配, 表示一…就…
-- In crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.(adj.脫去的, 解開的, 放松的)
在進(jìn)入大廳的時候, 我注意到我的鞋帶松了。
-- On crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.
一進(jìn)入大廳的時候, 我就注意到我的鞋帶松了。
A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.
He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
Fully = completely
He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands
of anxieties which afflict other people.
be free from… 不受…的影響, 免于...(= without)
-- The old lady is never free from pain.
-- free from error 沒有錯誤, free from anxiety 沒有憂慮
-- He is leading a life free from care and anxieties.
Care(n.煩惱, 憂慮) anxiety(n.憂慮, 焦急, 渴望, 熱望)
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
Make it possible for sb to do sth
By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever
do.
He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real
need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.
keep oneself alive 為了生存
We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but
how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of
life and their freedom from care?
With +名詞(表示具有、帶有)
-- How many of us can honestly say that we wouldn’t like to learn English well?
Multiple choice questions 多項選擇
1>A circumstance n.環(huán)境, 詳情, 境況
2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪惡的
compensate v.償還, 補(bǔ)償
inconvenience n.麻煩, 不方便之處
3>B in moments of truth = truly
undignified adj.無尊嚴(yán)的
compare v.比較, 相比, 比喻 n.比較
burden v.負(fù)擔(dān) n.擔(dān)子, 負(fù)擔(dān)
livelihood n.生計, 謀生
4>B
5>B a中的have to用的不恰當(dāng)
對兩者的否定
Neither…nor…
Nothing…nor…
Nor位于句首, 倒裝。
6>B
7>D contemptuously adv.輕蔑地
speak of 談及, 說到
speak for 代表...講話, 為…辯護(hù)
speak on 就…而發(fā)言
speak to 與…談話, 向...說
8>C
9>C
financial adj.財政的, 金融的
insure vt.給...保險 v.確保
sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不適, 惡心
10>
from place to place 從一個地方到另一個地方; 各地, 到處
= here and there 各處, 到處
one way or another 無論如何, 某種方法
in every sense 在各種意義上
-- He is a cheat in every sense.(cheat n.欺騙, 騙子)
11>B to survive = keep himself alive
12>C
look down upon/on 蔑視, 瞧不起
convict vt.(常與of連用)證明有…罪;宣判有…罪
-- He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有謀殺罪。
Blame vt.(常與for連用)責(zé)備, 譴責(zé) n.過失, 責(zé)備
-- She blamed me for the accident.
Condemn vt.判刑, 處刑(常與to連用)判以死刑或無期徒刑
be condemned to death 被判死刑
-- The prisoner was condemned to death.