“所”在中國(guó)文言文里，如放在動(dòng)詞前，是一個(gè)指示代名詞，相當(dāng)于白話(huà)“的人、事或物”；通常居于賓位（做其后邊動(dòng)詞之受詞）。因此在翻譯成白話(huà)時(shí)，得先翻后面的動(dòng)詞。如 “所好”是喜愛(ài)的人、事或物；“所惡”是憎惡的人、事或物。好、惡、都是破音字，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)讀如“浩”、“物”。“為”亦是個(gè)破音字，讀如“未”，當(dāng)“替”講。具，作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，解釋為“準(zhǔn)備”；但它又帶有“周到的、完全的”意思在內(nèi)。這是說(shuō)：父母喜歡什么，想要什么，都能不管怎樣困難，不怕怎樣麻煩，替他們?cè)O(shè)想得又周到，準(zhǔn)備得又完全。這也是對(duì)父母的一種歡喜施，令父母得到安慰和快樂(lè)。在這種孝心推動(dòng)下，仁慈、耐心、毅力和勇氣等美德，也就自然而然滋長(zhǎng)了。
The first line says that whatever our parents are fond of and would like to have, we should go out of our way to provide it fully to them, no matter how much difficulty or trouble we have to go through. We should happily practice giving to our parents, in order to comfort them and make them happy. With this single sincere thought of filial piety, one will naturally grow in the virtues of kindness, patience, perseverance, and courage.
你或者曾在夜晚欣賞美麗的星空，注意到有七顆星組成的星座，形狀像個(gè)大杓子似的，那就是大熊星座里的北斗七星。關(guān)于常見(jiàn)的星星，東西各國(guó)都有許多動(dòng)人的傳說(shuō)和神話(huà)，這個(gè)大杓子星群亦不例外。在西方，很多孩子都聽(tīng)過(guò)這個(gè)孝順女孩的故事。
If you have ever gazed at the stars, you may have noticed a group of seven stars shaped like a big soup ladle--this is the Big Dipper in the Ursa Major constellation. Many touching stories and legends are associated with the well-known constellations in both Eastern and Western cultures. The following story, which many Westerners may know, is about a little girl who was very filial.
在不知多久以前，有一個(gè)小女孩和她的媽媽?zhuān)≡诳拷谏值囊婚g小木屋里。某個(gè)夏天的晚上，小女孩的媽媽覺(jué)得很不舒服，怎么也睡不著，只覺(jué)口乾舌燥，好想有杯清涼的水喝。小女孩顧不得困，跳下床，穿好衣，拿了一把長(zhǎng)柄的杓子就去井邊取水。當(dāng)她把汲桶拉上來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)竟然一滴水也沒(méi)有，原來(lái)井已乾枯了。怎么辦呢？小女孩想了又想，森林深處有清泉，可是不但距離很遠(yuǎn)，還得穿過(guò)那黑漆漆的森林；再想到渴望有冷水喝的媽媽?zhuān)∨⒂赂业刈哌M(jìn)了森林的小徑。
Once upon a time, a little girl lived with her mother in a small log cabin near the Black Forest. One summer night, her mother in other tossed and turned restlessly, unable to fall asleep. She felt very thirsty and wanted to drink a cup of cool water. The little girl, despite her sleepiness, immediately got out of bed, dressed, and took a ladle with a long handle to get water from the well. Pulling the bucket up out of the well, she found that there was not even a drop of water in it, for the well had run completely dry. "What should I do?" wondered the little girl. "There is a spring deep inside the forest, but it's very far from here and I have to walk through the dark forest to get there." But thinking of her mother longing for a cup of cool water, she bravely set out on the path into the forest, groping her way in the dark.
小女孩在黑夜的森林小徑摸索前進(jìn)，貓頭鷹桀桀怪笑著，蝙蝠不時(shí)自山洞中飛出；小女孩又害怕又著急，但一想到媽媽在等水喝，她就堅(jiān)持地往前進(jìn)。終于聽(tīng)到淙淙的流水聲了，小女孩舀了泉水，就匆匆往回走?？墒窃诨爻讨?，小女孩先后遇到一只口渴的狗和一個(gè)疲倦的老人，小女孩仁慈地都給了他們一些水。
The owls booted eerily, and occasionally bats flew from the caves. The little girl became afraid and worried. But once again, thinking of her mother waiting for the water, she resolutely went forward. Finally, she heard the sound of flowing water. She took some water from the spring and quickly headed back. On the way, she met a thirsty dog and a weary old man. She kindly gave them some water.
每布施一次，小女孩手中的長(zhǎng)柄杓子就變一次：由原先的鐵杓子，變成銀的，再變成金的，照亮了漆暗的小路。等到小女孩給媽媽喝下水，讓媽媽舒服地躺下來(lái)時(shí)，那柄杓子已經(jīng)變成閃爍晶亮的鉆石，而且一直向著窗外漆黑的夜空飛去，終于高高地掛在天上，正對(duì)大家愉快地瞬著眼睛哩！今天我們看到那七顆杓子星時(shí)，是否也會(huì)想起曾有過(guò)這么一位孝順、仁慈而勇敢小女孩呢？
Every time she gave, the long ladle in her hand changed. The ladle originally made of cast iron, first turned to silver, and then to shining gold, which illuminated the dark path and helped the girl find her way home. After the mother drank the water and lay down comfortably, the ladle turned into brilliant diamond and flew out the window to hang high up into the night sky, twinkling happily for everyone to see. Now when you see the seven stars of the Big Dipper, won't it remind you of this filial, kind, and brave little girl?
那么對(duì)父母憎惡的人、事、物，我們?cè)撚迷鯓拥膽B(tài)度來(lái)處理呢？原則上當(dāng)然是幫父母去除之；但是要很謹(jǐn)慎，不要反因此驚嚇了父母，甚而傷身敗德。譬如說(shuō)冒冒失失去趕走一條蛇，反把蛇驚動(dòng)了，不僅是父母被蛇咬，就是自己也被咬傷。又譬如父母恨不得某人死，難道我們?yōu)樗麄內(nèi)⑷藛?？所以如何運(yùn)用智慧去判斷該如何著手，這就是謹(jǐn)。想要行無(wú)畏施，去除別人的恐懼和厭惡感，并非有匹夫之勇就可以的；要有大智慧做前鋒，言語(yǔ)舉止自然合宜，那才能真正做到“謹(jǐn)為去”。
How should we deal with people, things, and matters that our parents dislike? Basically, of course, we should get rid of them, but in doing so we must be very cautious not to frighten our parents or hurt anyone in the process, as that would go against virtue. For example, if we see a snake and rashly try to chase it away, we may make our parents afraid or even get bitten by the snake ourselves. And if our parents hate someone very much does that mean we should kill the person? We must be cautious; we must make wise judgments. If we want to quell people's fear and hatred, bold courage alone is not enough. We must have great wisdom to guide us to act in the most suitable and correct manner. Only then will we be able to skillfully remove the things that our parents dislike.
遍觀天下，什么是人最恐懼和厭惡的？莫若是種種的生之苦（老、病、求不得、愛(ài)別離、厭憎會(huì)、變遷），以及死亡的恐懼了！那什么又是最可安慰和快樂(lè)的呢？情嗎？財(cái)富嗎？還是地位吧？那都是生不帶來(lái)，死不帶去的，不真實(shí)，不久長(zhǎng)的：莫若是脫離生死輪回之苦，而證得不生不滅之樂(lè)了！我們唯有精勤修行，了自己的生死，才能救度他人；否則也只是個(gè)過(guò)江的泥菩薩，還保不住自己吧！
In this world, the sufferings that birth entails (old age, sickness, not obtaining what we seek, being apart from those we love, being together with those we hate, constant change) and the fear of death are what people hate and loathe the most. Freedom from the sufferings of birth and death and realization of the eternal bliss of nonproduction and nondestruction are the greatest source of comfort and joy. Emotional love. wealth, and high position are neither real nor lasting; we did not bring them with us at birth, nor can we take them along when we die. Only if we practice diligently and end our own birth and death will we be able to save others. Otherwise, we'll be like a clay Bodhisattva, who cannot even save himself as he crosses the river.
那么這種歡喜施，用之于父母曰“孝”，施之于眾人曰“仁”，推及于一切有情曰“慈”，無(wú)畏施用之于父母曰“順”，施之于眾人曰“義”，推及于一切有情曰“悲”。孝順的道理，可以自愛(ài)敬至親的人開(kāi)始，推廣到其他的人或生物、非生物，即所謂“親親而仁民，仁民而愛(ài)物”的大慈悲境界。
When we give joyfully to our parents, we are being filial. When we practice joyful giving to all people, that is called humaneness. If we extend it to all sentient beings, then it is known as kindness. If we give fearlessness to (relieve the fears of) our parents, we are being obedient. To relieve the fears of all people is righteousness. When we expand this to cover all living beings, it is compassion. Thus we can see that the principle of filial piety starts with being kind and respectful towards our dearest ones and then extending this behavior to other people and sentient and insentient beings. This is called the greatly compassionate stage of "loving our own parents in all people and beings."