漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句
例3： 如果原子失去一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子，我們就說(shuō)這個(gè)原子帶正電荷。
譯文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.
簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：這句話是一個(gè)條件從句。即：在原子失去一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子的情況下，這個(gè)電子帶正電荷。“我們就說(shuō)這個(gè)原子帶正電荷”可理解為“這個(gè)原子被認(rèn)為/ 被確信/ 被說(shuō)成是帶正電荷”。那么根據(jù)前面所說(shuō)的原則，我們?cè)诜g時(shí)可以將泛指性主語(yǔ)“我們”省略不譯，并使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
在科技文章中，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣我們應(yīng)當(dāng)多采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的客觀性。
例4： 人們采用各種措施來(lái)防止腐蝕。
譯文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.
簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：這句話可以按原文譯成主動(dòng)態(tài)，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)翻譯――All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。兩者比較而言，被動(dòng)態(tài)譯文更突出表明所有、種種措施已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)施，all kinds of measures得到強(qiáng)調(diào)，而主動(dòng)態(tài)譯法只是平鋪直敘，重點(diǎn)不突出。
此外，漢語(yǔ)句子中有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)了解”、“據(jù)報(bào)道”、“據(jù)估計(jì)”、“據(jù)傳言”等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以酌情譯成相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，如：It is supposed that(據(jù)推測(cè)……)，It is said that(據(jù)說(shuō)……)，It is estimated that(據(jù)估計(jì)……)，It is calculated that(預(yù)計(jì)……)，It is reported that(據(jù)報(bào)道……)，It is suggested that(有人建議)，It is stressed that(有人強(qiáng)調(diào)……)，It is thought that(有人認(rèn)為……)，It is considered that(有人認(rèn)為……)，It is expected that(據(jù)期望……)，It is well known that(眾所周知……)，It must be admitted that(必須承認(rèn)……)，It must be pointed out that(必須指出……)，It is understood that(誰(shuí)都知道……)，It may be safety said that(可以有把握地說(shuō)……)等。
例5： 據(jù)了解，這個(gè)地區(qū)有豐富的自然資源。
譯文：The area is known to be rich in natural resources.
例6： 眾所周知，自然光其實(shí)是由許多種顏色構(gòu)成。
譯文：It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors.
例3： 如果原子失去一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子，我們就說(shuō)這個(gè)原子帶正電荷。
譯文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.
簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：這句話是一個(gè)條件從句。即：在原子失去一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子的情況下，這個(gè)電子帶正電荷。“我們就說(shuō)這個(gè)原子帶正電荷”可理解為“這個(gè)原子被認(rèn)為/ 被確信/ 被說(shuō)成是帶正電荷”。那么根據(jù)前面所說(shuō)的原則，我們?cè)诜g時(shí)可以將泛指性主語(yǔ)“我們”省略不譯，并使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
在科技文章中，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣我們應(yīng)當(dāng)多采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的客觀性。
例4： 人們采用各種措施來(lái)防止腐蝕。
譯文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.
簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：這句話可以按原文譯成主動(dòng)態(tài)，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)翻譯――All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。兩者比較而言，被動(dòng)態(tài)譯文更突出表明所有、種種措施已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)施，all kinds of measures得到強(qiáng)調(diào)，而主動(dòng)態(tài)譯法只是平鋪直敘，重點(diǎn)不突出。
此外，漢語(yǔ)句子中有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)了解”、“據(jù)報(bào)道”、“據(jù)估計(jì)”、“據(jù)傳言”等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以酌情譯成相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，如：It is supposed that(據(jù)推測(cè)……)，It is said that(據(jù)說(shuō)……)，It is estimated that(據(jù)估計(jì)……)，It is calculated that(預(yù)計(jì)……)，It is reported that(據(jù)報(bào)道……)，It is suggested that(有人建議)，It is stressed that(有人強(qiáng)調(diào)……)，It is thought that(有人認(rèn)為……)，It is considered that(有人認(rèn)為……)，It is expected that(據(jù)期望……)，It is well known that(眾所周知……)，It must be admitted that(必須承認(rèn)……)，It must be pointed out that(必須指出……)，It is understood that(誰(shuí)都知道……)，It may be safety said that(可以有把握地說(shuō)……)等。
例5： 據(jù)了解，這個(gè)地區(qū)有豐富的自然資源。
譯文：The area is known to be rich in natural resources.
例6： 眾所周知，自然光其實(shí)是由許多種顏色構(gòu)成。
譯文：It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors.