托??谡Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總

字號(hào):

一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:主要包括四種形式:比如動(dòng)詞不定式to+v,動(dòng)名詞v-ing,現(xiàn)在分詞 v-ing,過(guò)去分詞 v-ed??忌趹?yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候需要注意,這個(gè)詞不能用作謂語(yǔ),在句子中只能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),和狀語(yǔ)。
    1.動(dòng)詞不定式to+v:這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示目的,結(jié)果或者某個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作。
    例:在To let children do a part-time job helps cultivate their independence and self-control.這句話中的to let就表示目的
    2. 動(dòng)名詞 v-ing:在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中,如果考生想表達(dá)動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)概念和進(jìn)行意義可以采取這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。而且考生需要注意的是,有一些動(dòng)詞之后只可以加動(dòng)名詞,比如admit 承認(rèn) / advise 建議 / appreciate 感激 / avoid 避免 / consider 考慮 / delay 推遲 / deny 否認(rèn)等等
    例:在The best way of keeping fit is to do aerobic exercises and reduce junk food intake. 這句話中的keeping就屬于動(dòng)名詞v-ing的結(jié)構(gòu)
    3. 現(xiàn)在分詞 v-ing:在托福口語(yǔ)考試中,如果考生想表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或者進(jìn)行可以使用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。
    例:在Some advertisements are misleading and cheating. 這句話中的misleading and cheating就是現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing的形式。
    4.過(guò)去分詞 v-ed:這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助考生表達(dá)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。
    例:Overseas students are vulnerable to feel depressed when facing difficulties. 這句話中的depressed就是過(guò)去分詞的v-ed結(jié)構(gòu)
    二. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣:在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中,考生如果想表示自己所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí),而是假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、或推測(cè)等等,可以采用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣包括基本的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和名詞中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣兩種。
    (一)基本虛擬語(yǔ)氣
    1. 現(xiàn)在:如果是對(duì)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬,可以采用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)If did/were…, would/should/could/might do.
    例:If Steve Job were still alive, the cellphone would be redefined again.
    2. 過(guò)去:如果在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中,考生想表達(dá)的是過(guò)去的說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí),可以采用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)If had done/had been…, would/should/could/might have done/been.
    例:If cellphone had not been invented, our lives couldn’t have been changed so dramatically.
    3.將來(lái):If were to/should do…, would/should/could/might do.可以幫助考生表達(dá)自己對(duì)于將來(lái)的某個(gè)假設(shè),或者愿望
    例:If Apple were to launch an Iphone 10, it might become the next big thing.
    (二)名詞從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:動(dòng)詞suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后面跟著的賓語(yǔ)從句可以使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(即Should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形)來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求等。
    例:University made the suggestion that they add low-calories food in the coffeehouse for students.
    三.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是be + done,當(dāng)考生想在托福口語(yǔ)考試中想強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作的承受者,可以采用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)
    例:Children are exposed to violence and pornography if there is no censorship for Internet.這句話中的are exposed就屬于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
    四.強(qiáng)調(diào)句: 當(dāng)考生在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中為了表達(dá)自己的意愿而選擇強(qiáng)調(diào)某部分的時(shí)候可以采用強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句一般會(huì)由這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成:it is/was… that/who…
    例: It is parents who are the best teacher for children.
    五.倒裝句 :當(dāng)考生想通過(guò)顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的方式,強(qiáng)調(diào)或者突出某一部分的時(shí)候可以采用倒裝句。倒裝句一般是主謂倒裝。
    1.用否定副詞比如barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely, never, no sooner…than, no more, not nearly, not only 以及 only. 開(kāi)頭的句子可以使用主謂倒裝
    例:Only in larger mall, can you have various choices of clothes.
    2.用介詞+ no + 名詞開(kāi)頭的句子也可以使用主謂倒裝,比如at no time, by no means, for no reason, in no way, on no account, at no point, in no case, in/under no circumstances.開(kāi)頭的句子都可以使用主謂倒裝。
    例:In no case should we accept unreliable person to be friend.
    3.一些特定的從句比如So/such…that, as…as 從句, no matter how, however的狀語(yǔ)從句也可以使用倒裝
    So attracting is the TV program that people want to watch it everyday.
    在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中需要考生掌握一些語(yǔ)法知識(shí),希望大家在平時(shí)多多練習(xí),提升托??谡Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法水平,爭(zhēng)取在考場(chǎng)上取得高分。