For some people, surgery may be too risky. These people have other options for treating their kidney cancers, including:
Blocking blood flow to the tumor. In this procedure, a special material is injected into the main blood vessel leading to the kidney. By clogging this vessel, the tumor is deprived of oxygen and other nutrients. Arterial embolization also may be used before an operation or to relieve pain and bleeding when an operation isn't possible. Side effects may include temporary nausea, vomiting or pain.
Treatment to freeze cancer cells. Recent studies show cryoablation may be useful for treating kidney tumors that can't be removed through surgery. During cryoablation, one or more special needles are inserted through small incisions in your skin and into the tumor. Gas in the needles creates extreme cold that causes the cells around the point of each needle to freeze. Doctors use CT scans to monitor the procedure and to ensure that all of the visible cancer tissue and some of the surrounding healthy tissue is frozen. Another type of gas in the needles creates warmth to thaw the frozen tissue. Then the process is repeated. The cycles of freezing and thawing cause cancer cells to die. You may experience some pain after the procedure. Rare side effects may include bleeding, infection and damage to tissue surrounding the tumor.
Recurrence of the disease is a concern with all kidney cancer patients. Patients undergoing surgery need to undergo re-examination at three-month intervals for at least the first year following the operation. These examinations usually include a full physical examination, blood tests, x-rays, and evaluations of liver and kidney functions.
Kidney cancer that recurs and kidney cancer that spreads to other parts of the body may also be curable. In these situations, treatments may include:
Surgery to remove as much of the kidney tumor as possible. Even when surgery can't remove all of your cancer, in some cases it may be helpful to remove as much of the cancer as possible.
Drugs that use your immune system to fight cancer. Biological therapy uses your body's immune system to fight cancer. Drugs in this category include interferon and interleukin-2, which are synthetic versions of chemicals made in your body. These biological therapy drugs have serious side effects, including chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite.
1.Which statement is NOT true of embolization
A.special material is injected into the main blood vessel leading to the kidney.
B.It can be used to relieve pain and bleeding when an operation isn't possible..
C.It cuts oxygen and other nutrients supply to the tumour.
D.It has no side effects.
正確答案:D
解析:問題問的是：關于血管栓塞法哪項錯誤?第二段提到了栓塞法，末尾提到了副作用包括短暫的反胃，嘔吐或疼痛。因此D選項說沒有副作用是不準確的。
2.Side effects of cryoablation include the following EXCEPT
A.bleeding.
B.infection.
C.a severe skin rash.
D.damage to tissue surrounding the tumor.
正確答案:C
解析:問題問的是：冷凍療法的副作用不包括哪項?第三段提到了冷凍療法，其副作用包括流血，感染和腫瘤周圍組織損壞。沒有提到C嚴重的皮疹。
3.How often should a patient undergo re-examination for recurrence of tumor
A.Once in three months.
B.Twice every four months.
C.At least once a year.
D.As often as possible.
正確答案:A
解析:問題問的是：病人應該多長時間去醫(yī)院復診腫瘤復發(fā)情況?第三段提到Patients undergoing surgery need to undergo re-examination at three-month intervals for at least the first year following the operation.意為至少術后一年中，每三個月復診一次。因此選A。
4.The therapy that stimulates your immune system with drugs to fight cancer is named
A.Embolization.
B.Cryoablation.
C.Biological therapy.
D.Surgery.
正確答案:C
解析:問題問的是：利用藥物刺激免疫系統(tǒng)抵抗癌癥的療法叫什么?有最后一段可知應該叫biological therapy生物治療。
5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A.If a patient vomits, he/she is either using embolization or biological therapy.
B.Bleeding is seldom seen among patients who are using cryoablation.
C.Interferon and interleukin-2 may cause a patient chills and fever.
D.X-rays may cause the most serious side effects.
正確答案:D
解析:問題問的是：根據(jù)短文哪項不正確?第四段提到X-ray即x光只是復診的一項檢查，并沒提到它的副作用。因此不正確。
Blocking blood flow to the tumor. In this procedure, a special material is injected into the main blood vessel leading to the kidney. By clogging this vessel, the tumor is deprived of oxygen and other nutrients. Arterial embolization also may be used before an operation or to relieve pain and bleeding when an operation isn't possible. Side effects may include temporary nausea, vomiting or pain.
Treatment to freeze cancer cells. Recent studies show cryoablation may be useful for treating kidney tumors that can't be removed through surgery. During cryoablation, one or more special needles are inserted through small incisions in your skin and into the tumor. Gas in the needles creates extreme cold that causes the cells around the point of each needle to freeze. Doctors use CT scans to monitor the procedure and to ensure that all of the visible cancer tissue and some of the surrounding healthy tissue is frozen. Another type of gas in the needles creates warmth to thaw the frozen tissue. Then the process is repeated. The cycles of freezing and thawing cause cancer cells to die. You may experience some pain after the procedure. Rare side effects may include bleeding, infection and damage to tissue surrounding the tumor.
Recurrence of the disease is a concern with all kidney cancer patients. Patients undergoing surgery need to undergo re-examination at three-month intervals for at least the first year following the operation. These examinations usually include a full physical examination, blood tests, x-rays, and evaluations of liver and kidney functions.
Kidney cancer that recurs and kidney cancer that spreads to other parts of the body may also be curable. In these situations, treatments may include:
Surgery to remove as much of the kidney tumor as possible. Even when surgery can't remove all of your cancer, in some cases it may be helpful to remove as much of the cancer as possible.
Drugs that use your immune system to fight cancer. Biological therapy uses your body's immune system to fight cancer. Drugs in this category include interferon and interleukin-2, which are synthetic versions of chemicals made in your body. These biological therapy drugs have serious side effects, including chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite.
1.Which statement is NOT true of embolization
A.special material is injected into the main blood vessel leading to the kidney.
B.It can be used to relieve pain and bleeding when an operation isn't possible..
C.It cuts oxygen and other nutrients supply to the tumour.
D.It has no side effects.
正確答案:D
解析:問題問的是：關于血管栓塞法哪項錯誤?第二段提到了栓塞法，末尾提到了副作用包括短暫的反胃，嘔吐或疼痛。因此D選項說沒有副作用是不準確的。
2.Side effects of cryoablation include the following EXCEPT
A.bleeding.
B.infection.
C.a severe skin rash.
D.damage to tissue surrounding the tumor.
正確答案:C
解析:問題問的是：冷凍療法的副作用不包括哪項?第三段提到了冷凍療法，其副作用包括流血，感染和腫瘤周圍組織損壞。沒有提到C嚴重的皮疹。
3.How often should a patient undergo re-examination for recurrence of tumor
A.Once in three months.
B.Twice every four months.
C.At least once a year.
D.As often as possible.
正確答案:A
解析:問題問的是：病人應該多長時間去醫(yī)院復診腫瘤復發(fā)情況?第三段提到Patients undergoing surgery need to undergo re-examination at three-month intervals for at least the first year following the operation.意為至少術后一年中，每三個月復診一次。因此選A。
4.The therapy that stimulates your immune system with drugs to fight cancer is named
A.Embolization.
B.Cryoablation.
C.Biological therapy.
D.Surgery.
正確答案:C
解析:問題問的是：利用藥物刺激免疫系統(tǒng)抵抗癌癥的療法叫什么?有最后一段可知應該叫biological therapy生物治療。
5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A.If a patient vomits, he/she is either using embolization or biological therapy.
B.Bleeding is seldom seen among patients who are using cryoablation.
C.Interferon and interleukin-2 may cause a patient chills and fever.
D.X-rays may cause the most serious side effects.
正確答案:D
解析:問題問的是：根據(jù)短文哪項不正確?第四段提到X-ray即x光只是復診的一項檢查，并沒提到它的副作用。因此不正確。