地圖題分兩種，一種為地理變遷題，一種為選址題。首先我們來(lái)看地理變遷題，它描述的是一個(gè)地方（多為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)）在一段時(shí)間的發(fā)展變化。如2006年9月A 類(lèi) TASK 1， 劍1TEST 4。就這些圖形，我們來(lái)總結(jié)地理變遷題的寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)。
時(shí)態(tài)
如果地圖題反映的是一個(gè)地方在過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間的變化，文章用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如果地圖題反映的是一個(gè)地方在將來(lái)一段時(shí)間的變化趨勢(shì)，文章用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或表“估計(jì)”的詞匯。如果地圖題反映的是一個(gè)地方從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的變化，可用現(xiàn)完成時(shí)。
如：現(xiàn)在停車(chē)場(chǎng)改成了一個(gè)劇院。
The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.
城鎮(zhèn)A的家庭數(shù)量從1937年到2020年將翻一番。
The number of homes in Town A is likely to double(is likely to= is predicted to /is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to )
又可為：
It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.(it is likely that = it is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that…..)
細(xì)節(jié)變化
地圖每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)變化都要提到，不要忽視一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)
語(yǔ)態(tài) 地圖題用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如： 2000年在城鎮(zhèn)A 新建了一個(gè)醫(yī)院：A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000. 地圖題的書(shū)寫(xiě)順序：時(shí)間順序和空間順序 如2006年9月A 類(lèi)TASK 1 The map shows the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000. 這篇文章大體框架按時(shí)間順序，BODY 分三段分別描述：1780年村莊，1860村莊， 2000年村莊。對(duì)每一年的描述，如1780年村莊，我們要注意按方位順序來(lái)描述，否則文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)混亂。這就需要考生在考前對(duì)方位詞進(jìn)行總結(jié)。地圖題的方位我們說(shuō)東西南北，不說(shuō)成左右。
A在B 的東方/西方/南方/北方 A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B (in 表A 在B 內(nèi)部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分開(kāi)) A 在B 內(nèi)部的某個(gè)部位 A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B. A在B 西北部的120 千米處 A lies 120 km to the northwest of B. A 在B…..角落 A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 內(nèi)部) 在河流或道路的南邊/北邊等 On the south/southern side of the river On both sides of the road On the other side 臨近馬路的地區(qū) The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road 在道路或河流的最南端 At the southern end of the river A 在B 的對(duì)面 A is on the opposite side of B A is opposite B
A 在B 東部的邊界上（A 在B外部） A is on the eastern border of B A 在B 東部邊緣上 （A 在B 內(nèi)部） A is on/ along the eastern edge of B “變化”詞匯 地圖題描述的是一個(gè)地區(qū)的變化，那么“變化”詞匯必須過(guò)關(guān)。 分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，變化包括兩種：圖形原有事物的改變，圖形新添事物。 我們先看圖形原有事物的改變： 原有事物可說(shuō)成： The original/previous/former garden 原有事物尺寸上變大/變?。?The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half 原有事物在數(shù)量上增多或減少： The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/ doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500. 原有事物沒(méi)了： The farms completely disappeared/were removed. 原有事物被改為： A becomes B A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B 圖形新添事物 A newly-built road A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B A new IT centre has been added to the library The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side. 地圖題第二類(lèi)為選址題 如劍5 TEST 3 TASK 1 The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的超市選址， 有兩個(gè)位置 S1 和S2 供選擇。選址題并不難寫(xiě)，主要注意兩點(diǎn)： 位置描述 優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 這篇文章我們BODY段可分兩段，分別陳述： S1的位置及位置相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) S2的位置及位置相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 其中表位置的方位詞已在前文有總結(jié)， 同理， 2006 年2 月A 類(lèi)Task 1: The diagram below shows the problem of flooding in a UK town and two possible solutions 我們BODY 段可分兩段，分別陳述： Solution 1 的解決方案和相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) Solution 2 的解決方案和相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 其中，解決方案實(shí)際還是要涉及一些方位詞。 總之，對(duì)于地理變遷題，建議考生考前要充分的掌握上述五點(diǎn)，勤加練習(xí)，選址題則把握位置和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)兩個(gè)要害，地圖題的寫(xiě)作就會(huì)明朗化。 地圖題在雅思小作文寫(xiě)作中可以說(shuō)考的頻次非常低，頂多一年一次而已。盡管如此，我們也不能忘了這方面寫(xiě)作的準(zhǔn)備,否則你會(huì)覺(jué)得它很難而在雅思實(shí)際考試中亂了陣腳。小編對(duì)此就有血的教訓(xùn)。備考時(shí)忽視了地圖題，結(jié)果考試的時(shí)候就碰上了。 其實(shí),地圖題寫(xiě)作并沒(méi)有你想象的那么難啦。請(qǐng)問(wèn)，你在生活中有沒(méi)有“選房”或“選?！钡慕?jīng)歷呢？有沒(méi)有想過(guò)你“家鄉(xiāng)近些年發(fā)生的變化”呢？大家都有吧！順此，我就要再問(wèn)你了，若有兩處房子或兩所學(xué)校供你選擇的話你會(huì)考慮哪些因素進(jìn)行比對(duì)呢？你家鄉(xiāng)從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在到底發(fā)生了哪些具體的變化呢？好好想想吧。一通百通，如你對(duì)此相通了，雅思地圖題的解題思路也就有了、通了！縱觀歷次雅思地圖題寫(xiě)作，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)非就是“兩位置方案的二選一”或“某處事物新舊變遷的過(guò)程描述”。不管“二選一”還是“過(guò)程描述”，請(qǐng)注意，一定不要忘了要結(jié)合地圖中所體現(xiàn)的“人文與地理環(huán)境”進(jìn)行相互的“比較與對(duì)比”且體現(xiàn)“比對(duì)結(jié)果”；而這里的比對(duì)，前者是“橫向比對(duì)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)各自“優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)比對(duì)”，后者則是“縱向比對(duì)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“新舊變化”。解題思路有了，那么剩下的是語(yǔ)言上的事情了。在語(yǔ)言上，請(qǐng)你注意以下幾個(gè)方面：首先，平時(shí)要多積累表示“方位、比對(duì)、變化”等方面的詞匯和句子表達(dá)；其次，要注意時(shí)態(tài)的選擇，“二選一”型常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，而“過(guò)程描述”型則要視題目而定，往往綜合運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；最后，要注意語(yǔ)態(tài)的把握，要主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)相互結(jié)合運(yùn)用，記住適當(dāng)被動(dòng)能給考官好印象，但切忌出現(xiàn)人稱(chēng)代詞。
請(qǐng)結(jié)合小編上述內(nèi)容，操練以下經(jīng)博主改編成的地圖題范文選詞填空練習(xí)，以加強(qiáng)你的雅思地圖題寫(xiě)作。（筆者這里特注，題目與范文都來(lái)自《劍5》TEST3 中的TASK 1）
The picture illustrates/demonstrates/compares two possible locations for a supermarket (which is) planned in the town of Garlsdon with a population of 65,000. One proposed site is in the countryside, northwest of Gralsdon. One advantage for this plan is that it is close to the residential areas in the north, therefore the local inhabitants have an easy access to it. What is more, the place is twelve kilometres away from Hindon where 10,000 residents live. These people are potential customers for this market. The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.
Another proposed location is located/situated in the centre of Garlsdon ( There is no traffic in this zone). One advantage for this place is that local residents/inhabitants/people are among the potentail customers. What is more, it is 25 km northwest Cransdon( population 29,000) and northeast Brandson. For these reason, there will be a better prospect for business and more potential customers. The map reveals two possible locations of a supermarket for town of Garlsdon with a population of 65,000. It can seen from the picture that S1(one suggested location) is a cite/place in the countryside which is closer to the town of Hindon where approximately 1000 local residents live and which is 12 kilometers to the northwest of Garlsdon. Also noteworthy is the fact that this cite is located near mainroad, therefore, potential customers have an easy access to this place by car.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The first potential location ( ____) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off _____to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the ______and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it _____ to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially_____ number of shoppers would also be able to travel by ____.
________, the suggested location, _____, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, _____as the central area is a _____ zone, cars would be ____ to park and access would be difficult.
_______, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer ____ advantages. The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessable to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the who towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.
語(yǔ)態(tài) 地圖題用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如： 2000年在城鎮(zhèn)A 新建了一個(gè)醫(yī)院：A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000. 地圖題的書(shū)寫(xiě)順序：時(shí)間順序和空間順序 如2006年9月A 類(lèi)TASK 1 The map shows the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000. 這篇文章大體框架按時(shí)間順序，BODY 分三段分別描述：1780年村莊，1860村莊， 2000年村莊。對(duì)每一年的描述，如1780年村莊，我們要注意按方位順序來(lái)描述，否則文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)混亂。這就需要考生在考前對(duì)方位詞進(jìn)行總結(jié)。地圖題的方位我們說(shuō)東西南北，不說(shuō)成左右。
A在B 的東方/西方/南方/北方 A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B (in 表A 在B 內(nèi)部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分開(kāi)) A 在B 內(nèi)部的某個(gè)部位 A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B. A在B 西北部的120 千米處 A lies 120 km to the northwest of B. A 在B…..角落 A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 內(nèi)部) 在河流或道路的南邊/北邊等 On the south/southern side of the river On both sides of the road On the other side 臨近馬路的地區(qū) The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road 在道路或河流的最南端 At the southern end of the river A 在B 的對(duì)面 A is on the opposite side of B A is opposite B
A 在B 東部的邊界上（A 在B外部） A is on the eastern border of B A 在B 東部邊緣上 （A 在B 內(nèi)部） A is on/ along the eastern edge of B “變化”詞匯 地圖題描述的是一個(gè)地區(qū)的變化，那么“變化”詞匯必須過(guò)關(guān)。 分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，變化包括兩種：圖形原有事物的改變，圖形新添事物。 我們先看圖形原有事物的改變： 原有事物可說(shuō)成： The original/previous/former garden 原有事物尺寸上變大/變?。?The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half 原有事物在數(shù)量上增多或減少： The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/ doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500. 原有事物沒(méi)了： The farms completely disappeared/were removed. 原有事物被改為： A becomes B A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B 圖形新添事物 A newly-built road A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B A new IT centre has been added to the library The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side. 地圖題第二類(lèi)為選址題 如劍5 TEST 3 TASK 1 The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的超市選址， 有兩個(gè)位置 S1 和S2 供選擇。選址題并不難寫(xiě)，主要注意兩點(diǎn)： 位置描述 優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 這篇文章我們BODY段可分兩段，分別陳述： S1的位置及位置相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) S2的位置及位置相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 其中表位置的方位詞已在前文有總結(jié)， 同理， 2006 年2 月A 類(lèi)Task 1: The diagram below shows the problem of flooding in a UK town and two possible solutions 我們BODY 段可分兩段，分別陳述： Solution 1 的解決方案和相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) Solution 2 的解決方案和相應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 其中，解決方案實(shí)際還是要涉及一些方位詞。 總之，對(duì)于地理變遷題，建議考生考前要充分的掌握上述五點(diǎn)，勤加練習(xí)，選址題則把握位置和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)兩個(gè)要害，地圖題的寫(xiě)作就會(huì)明朗化。 地圖題在雅思小作文寫(xiě)作中可以說(shuō)考的頻次非常低，頂多一年一次而已。盡管如此，我們也不能忘了這方面寫(xiě)作的準(zhǔn)備,否則你會(huì)覺(jué)得它很難而在雅思實(shí)際考試中亂了陣腳。小編對(duì)此就有血的教訓(xùn)。備考時(shí)忽視了地圖題，結(jié)果考試的時(shí)候就碰上了。 其實(shí),地圖題寫(xiě)作并沒(méi)有你想象的那么難啦。請(qǐng)問(wèn)，你在生活中有沒(méi)有“選房”或“選?！钡慕?jīng)歷呢？有沒(méi)有想過(guò)你“家鄉(xiāng)近些年發(fā)生的變化”呢？大家都有吧！順此，我就要再問(wèn)你了，若有兩處房子或兩所學(xué)校供你選擇的話你會(huì)考慮哪些因素進(jìn)行比對(duì)呢？你家鄉(xiāng)從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在到底發(fā)生了哪些具體的變化呢？好好想想吧。一通百通，如你對(duì)此相通了，雅思地圖題的解題思路也就有了、通了！縱觀歷次雅思地圖題寫(xiě)作，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)非就是“兩位置方案的二選一”或“某處事物新舊變遷的過(guò)程描述”。不管“二選一”還是“過(guò)程描述”，請(qǐng)注意，一定不要忘了要結(jié)合地圖中所體現(xiàn)的“人文與地理環(huán)境”進(jìn)行相互的“比較與對(duì)比”且體現(xiàn)“比對(duì)結(jié)果”；而這里的比對(duì)，前者是“橫向比對(duì)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)各自“優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)比對(duì)”，后者則是“縱向比對(duì)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“新舊變化”。解題思路有了，那么剩下的是語(yǔ)言上的事情了。在語(yǔ)言上，請(qǐng)你注意以下幾個(gè)方面：首先，平時(shí)要多積累表示“方位、比對(duì)、變化”等方面的詞匯和句子表達(dá)；其次，要注意時(shí)態(tài)的選擇，“二選一”型常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，而“過(guò)程描述”型則要視題目而定，往往綜合運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；最后，要注意語(yǔ)態(tài)的把握，要主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)相互結(jié)合運(yùn)用，記住適當(dāng)被動(dòng)能給考官好印象，但切忌出現(xiàn)人稱(chēng)代詞。
請(qǐng)結(jié)合小編上述內(nèi)容，操練以下經(jīng)博主改編成的地圖題范文選詞填空練習(xí)，以加強(qiáng)你的雅思地圖題寫(xiě)作。（筆者這里特注，題目與范文都來(lái)自《劍5》TEST3 中的TASK 1）
The picture illustrates/demonstrates/compares two possible locations for a supermarket (which is) planned in the town of Garlsdon with a population of 65,000. One proposed site is in the countryside, northwest of Gralsdon. One advantage for this plan is that it is close to the residential areas in the north, therefore the local inhabitants have an easy access to it. What is more, the place is twelve kilometres away from Hindon where 10,000 residents live. These people are potential customers for this market. The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.
Another proposed location is located/situated in the centre of Garlsdon ( There is no traffic in this zone). One advantage for this place is that local residents/inhabitants/people are among the potentail customers. What is more, it is 25 km northwest Cransdon( population 29,000) and northeast Brandson. For these reason, there will be a better prospect for business and more potential customers. The map reveals two possible locations of a supermarket for town of Garlsdon with a population of 65,000. It can seen from the picture that S1(one suggested location) is a cite/place in the countryside which is closer to the town of Hindon where approximately 1000 local residents live and which is 12 kilometers to the northwest of Garlsdon. Also noteworthy is the fact that this cite is located near mainroad, therefore, potential customers have an easy access to this place by car.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The first potential location ( ____) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off _____to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the ______and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it _____ to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially_____ number of shoppers would also be able to travel by ____.
________, the suggested location, _____, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, _____as the central area is a _____ zone, cars would be ____ to park and access would be difficult.
_______, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer ____ advantages. The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessable to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the who towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.