2016職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試《理工類(lèi)》語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)(2)

字號(hào):

形容詞及其用法:
    形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類(lèi),其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
    1)直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot 熱的。
    2)敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類(lèi)。例如:afraid 害怕的。
    (錯(cuò))He is an ill man.(對(duì))The man is ill.
    (錯(cuò))She is an afraid girl.(對(duì))The girl is afraid.
    這類(lèi)詞還有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
    3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice
    以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
    1)大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
    改錯(cuò):
    (錯(cuò))She sang lovely.
    (錯(cuò))He spoke to me very friendly.
    (對(duì))Her singing was lovely.
    (對(duì))He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.
    用形容詞表示類(lèi)別和整體
    1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
    The poor are losing hope.
    2)有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
    the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
    The English have wonderful sense of humor.
    多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
    多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR>    限定詞——數(shù)詞——描繪詞——(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) ——出處——材料性質(zhì),類(lèi)別——名詞
    a small round table
    a tall gray building
    a dirty old brown shirt
    a famous German medical school
    an expensive Japanese sports car
    典型例題:
    1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
    A.little two other B. two little other C.two other little D.little other two
    答案:C.由“限定詞——數(shù)詞——描繪詞——(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) ——性質(zhì)——名詞”的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
    2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
    A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old
    答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
    3)——How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
    ----It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
    A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
    答案:B.本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
    形容詞及其用法:
    形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類(lèi),其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
    1)直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot 熱的。
    2)敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類(lèi)。例如:afraid 害怕的。
    (錯(cuò))He is an ill man.(對(duì))The man is ill.
    (錯(cuò))She is an afraid girl.(對(duì))The girl is afraid.
    這類(lèi)詞還有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
    3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice
    以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
    1)大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
    改錯(cuò):
    (錯(cuò))She sang lovely.
    (錯(cuò))He spoke to me very friendly.
    (對(duì))Her singing was lovely.
    (對(duì))He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.
    用形容詞表示類(lèi)別和整體
    1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
    The poor are losing hope.
    2)有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
    the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
    The English have wonderful sense of humor.
    多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
    多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR>    限定詞——數(shù)詞——描繪詞——(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) ——出處——材料性質(zhì),類(lèi)別——名詞
    a small round table
    a tall gray building
    a dirty old brown shirt
    a famous German medical school
    an expensive Japanese sports car
    典型例題:
    1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
    A.little two other B. two little other C.two other little D.little other two
    答案:C.由“限定詞——數(shù)詞——描繪詞——(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) ——性質(zhì)——名詞”的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
    2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
    A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old
    答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
    3)——How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
    ----It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
    A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
    答案:B.本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí)