2016職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試《理工類(lèi)》語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)(8)

字號(hào):

2. 并列復(fù)合句
    簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),由簡(jiǎn)單并列連詞and, but, or,或復(fù)合并列連詞both… and…, neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…連接的句子稱(chēng)為并列復(fù)合句。
    重點(diǎn):
    1) and - 不能簡(jiǎn)單地理解為"和",除了起連接作用外,應(yīng)根據(jù)句子的上下文判別其實(shí)際意義,總的表示"遞進(jìn)".
    例如:He is ill and he cannot come to the party this evening.
    2) But - 表示"轉(zhuǎn)折"
    所以要確定,應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文,特別是兩個(gè)句子中的用詞是"同方向的"還是"反方向的",前者一般用 "and", 后者一般用 "but",.
    例如:
    There was little rain last year______ the farmers still got a bumper crop.
    這個(gè)句中"little rain"(少雨)和"a bumper crop"(豐收)是相反方向的用詞,故應(yīng)填"but".請(qǐng)回憶一下"第一講"中的有關(guān)示例。
    3) or - 解釋為"或者",表示選擇,但在"非真實(shí)條件句中"解釋為"否則",引出"含蓄虛擬式" (見(jiàn)"虛擬語(yǔ)氣"一講),不要混淆。 6)
    4) 關(guān)于復(fù)合并列連詞,主要注意兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,一是"數(shù)",二是句子的"均衡".
    3. 狀語(yǔ)從句
    所謂狀語(yǔ)從句,是指用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句行為(或狀態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果及方式等。
    1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:記住以下連接詞的意思和重點(diǎn):
    (1)when / while / as (當(dāng)…時(shí)侯)
    注意:while除了做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的連接詞外,還解釋為"雖然…","而…".
    例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy. (他很勤奮,而她卻很懶。)
    (2)before (after) 在…之前(后)
    (3)until / not until(直到)注意:not until放在句首時(shí),往往要求倒裝(詳見(jiàn)"第七講")
    (4)as soon as / once (一…就…)
    (5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞,這里作連接詞,表示"一…就…",
    例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly (或用immediately / as soon as) I had done it. (剛做完這件事,我就知道我做錯(cuò)了。)
    (6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞,這里作連接詞用。
    (7)hardly (scarcely)…when… / no sooner…than…"一…就…"
    注意:這是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)考試的重點(diǎn)句型,一是不要把兩個(gè)句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯(cuò)了,二是要用倒裝語(yǔ)序(詳見(jiàn)"第七講")。
    例如:
    Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang. (我剛坐下,電話鈴就響了。)
    重點(diǎn):在時(shí)間(和條件)狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
    例如:
    We'll start as soon as the leader ______. ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一來(lái)就開(kāi)始。)
    A.comes B.is comingC.will come D.came
    根據(jù)英語(yǔ)"時(shí)態(tài)一致性"原則,主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致,答案似乎應(yīng)該是B或C,但是正確答案是A,因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。將上句改為過(guò)去時(shí),道理也一樣:
    He said (that) we would start as soon as the leader _____.
    A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
    答案應(yīng)為A.