Notes on the text課文注釋
1 in return for…，作“作為……的報(bào)答”講。
2 out of business, 倒閉，破產(chǎn)。
3 as long ago as, 作“追溯到”、“早在”講。注意要與as long as分開，后面這個(gè)短語作“只要”或“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……之久”講。
4 people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters,
人們情愿支付一大筆錢，也不愿自己畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街帧?5 made a name for himself, 出名了。
6 be at war with…, 與……處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。
7 in times of peace, 在和平時(shí)期。
8 a sort of hero, 某種英雄。sort of作“可以說是一種”講。
參考譯文
曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)時(shí)期，芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取“保護(hù)”。如果交款不及時(shí)，歹徒們就會(huì)很快搗毀他的商店，讓他破產(chǎn)。榨取“保護(hù)金”并不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑。早在14世紀(jì)，英國(guó)人約翰·霍克伍德就有過非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn)：人們情愿拿出大筆的錢，也不愿畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街帧?600年前，約翰·霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊(duì)士兵來到意大利，在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來，很快就出了名。意大利人叫他喬凡尼·阿庫(kù)托。每次意大利各城邦之間打仗，霍克伍德便把他的士兵雇傭給愿給他出高價(jià)的君主。和平時(shí)期，當(dāng)生意蕭條時(shí)，霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個(gè)城邦，縱火燒毀一兩個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，然后提出，如向他們繳納保護(hù)金，他們便主動(dòng)撤離?；艨宋榈掠眠@種方法掙了大筆錢。盡管如此，意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。他80歲那年死去時(shí)，佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國(guó)葬，并為他畫像以紀(jì)念這位“驍勇無比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡尼·阿庫(kù)托先生”。
Summary writing摘要寫作
In not more than 80 words write an account of Sir John Hawkwood's career from the time he arrived in Italy. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Answer these questions in note form to get your points:
1 Where did Sir John Hawkwood settle six hundred years ago?
2 Whom did he hire soldiers to in times of war?
3 Would he threaten to destroy a city-state in times of peace or not?
4 When would he spare a city-state?
5 Did the Italians regard him as a hero in spite of this or not?
6 How old was he when he died?
7 Who gave him a state funeral when he died?
8 Did they have a picture painted or not?
9 What was it dedicated to?
Vocabulary詞匯
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage: sums（1．2）;promptly（1．3）;obtaining（1．5）;remarkable（1．7）;settled（1．9）;hire（1．11）;demanded（1．12）.
Composition作文
In not more than 200 words write an imaginary account of one of Sir John Hawkwood's exploits. Use the ideas given below. Do not write more than three paragraphs.
Title:Hawkwood defeated.
Introduction: News that Hawkwood and his men were approaching----panic----villagers prepared to defend farms.
Development: Farmers fought----poorly armed----many killed----Hawkwood destroyed farms----sent message to prince of city-state----demanded money----refused----battle followed----Hawkwood invaded city----many buildings were destroyed----people killed.
Conclusion:Hawkwood was driven off----never attacked this city again----later became the prince's friend.
Letter writing書信寫作
You had agreed to give a talk at your local library, but now find that you are unable to do so. Write a letter of about 80 words explaining why. Supply a suitable Introduction and Conclusion. Use the following ideas to write the Purpose:sorry for the inconvenience----you are being sent abroad by your firm----will be away for three weeks----hope to give a talk on a later occasion.
Key structures關(guān)鍵句型
Have. (IKS 90)（參見第2冊(cè)第90課關(guān)鍵句型）
Exercises練習(xí)
A Note how have has been used in lines 8 and 16.
B Write sentences using have with the following:
1 a smoke;
2 got a headache;
3 repaired.Special difficulties難點(diǎn)
People would rather pay large sums of money than…（11．7-8）
Instead of saying:
We can say:
I prefer to wait hete.
I would rather wait here.
Or: I would sooner wait here.
I prefer not to wait here.
I would rather not wait here.
Or: I would sooner not wait here.
It would be better if he waited here.
I'd rather he waited here.
It would be better if he didn't wait here.
I'd rather he didn't wait here.
Exercise練習(xí)
Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1 I'd rather ______ (go) to the cinema.
2 I'd rather he ______ (leave) earlier.
3 I'd rather you not ______ (speak) to him.
4 I'd rather not ______ (speak) about it.
5 I'd rather my father ______ (settle) the account.
6 She'd rather you not ______ (tell) anyone about it.
Multiple choice questions多項(xiàng)選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 What‘protection’ did Chicago gangsters give to those who paid them?
a．They saved those people's businesses from destruction.
b．They left those people's business premises unharmed.
c．They protected those people against criminals like Sir John Hawkwood.
d．They did not take those people's lives.
2 Sir John Hawkwood's Italian name, ‘Giovanni Acuto’, was one which ______ .
a．he gave himself in order to become better known to the Italians
b．he earned through his sharp practice of selling his‘protection’
c．he needed in order to hire his soldiers to Italian princes
d．was given him in recognition of his services to the Italian states
3 The Italians regarded Hawkwood as a sort of hero ______ .
a．in that they could not help admiring his boldness and bravery
b．a(chǎn)s he helped the citizens in peacetime when business was bad for them
c．despite the protection money he offered to those whose farms he burnt
d．for he lived so long and was given a state funeral by the Florentines
Structure結(jié)構(gòu)
4 Obtaining‘protection money’is a crime which ______ practised for a long time. （1．5）
a．has been
b．is
c．was
d．is being
5 People prefer paying large sums of money ______ their life work destroyed by gangsters. （11．7-8）
a．than have
b．to have
c．to having
d．than they have
6 Princes used to hire ______ Hawkwood. （11．11-12）
a．his soldiers from
b．soldiers from
c．soldiers of
d．some soldiers of
7 They would refuse to go away ______ protection money was paid to them. （11．13-14）
a．unless
b．provided that
c．except that
d．without
8 ______ at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him…（11．15-16）
a．On dying
b．Having died
c．On his death
d．Dead
Vocabulary詞匯
9 Six hundred years have ______ since Sir John Hawkwood arrived in…（11．9-10）
a．past
b．passed
c．been
d．departed
10 ----princes who were ______ to pay the high price he demanded. （11．11-12）
a．a(chǎn)greeable
b．a(chǎn)ccepting
c．desirable
d．prepared
11 Hawkwood made large sums of money ______ . （1．14）
a．by the way
b．with such manners
c．on this road
d．like this
12 ‘the most ______ soldier and most notable leader’…（11．16-17）
a．valuable
b．worthy
c．brave
d．hardy