Lesson 12 Banks and their customers
第十二課銀行和顧客
by GORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L. DLAMOND
from The Consumer Society and the Law
12-1. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
【譯文】任何人在銀行開活期賬戶就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時提取，方式可以是取現金，也可以是開張以他人為收款人的支票。
【講解】repayment of which…another person為非限制性定語從句，which代表money。repayment of which在定語從句中作demand的賓語。
【單詞和短語】
repayment：償還，付還（when you pay back money that you have borrowed），
例如：
bonds due for repayment到期應償還的債券
demand repayment of the stolen money 要求歸還被竊錢款
repayment的動詞形式為repay。
12-2. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor—who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
【譯文】銀行與儲戶主要是債務人和債權人關系。究竟誰是債務人誰是債權人要看儲戶是有結余還是透支。
【講解】that替代relationship，以避免重復。who is which depending on…overdrawn乃獨立主格結構，進一步說明破折號之前的句子。who is which是現在分詞短語depending on…overdrawn的邏輯主語。which代表debtor或creditor，意為“誰是債務人，誰是債權人”。whether…is overdrawn作on的賓語。
【單詞和短語】
overdrawn：透支的（if you or your account is overdrawn, you have spent more than you had in your account and so you own the bank money），
例如：
interest charged on overdrawn accounts對透支賬戶所收的利息。
overdrawn的動詞形式為overdrawn。
12-3. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
【譯文】除了這一基本的簡單概念外，銀行和儲戶彼此還需承擔大量義務。
【單詞和短語】
owe：應給予；應該（或有必要）做（to feel that you should do sth. for sb. or give sb. sth. , because they have done sth. for you or given sth. to you），
例如：
owe sb. thanks 應向某人致謝
I owe him a letter. 我應該給他寫一封信。
You owe yourself a subscription. 你該給自己訂閱一份。
注意比較第二課第4句中own的含義。
obligation：（法律上或道義上的）責任，義務（a moral or legal duty to do something），
例如：
a legal obligation to serve in the armed forces 服兵役的法律責任
the obligations of a citizen 公民的義務
fulfill every obligation 盡到每一責任
undertake new obligations 承擔新的責任
feel an obligation to do sb. 感到對某人有責任
obligation的動詞形式為obligate，形容詞形式為obligatory。
第十二課銀行和顧客
by GORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L. DLAMOND
from The Consumer Society and the Law
12-1. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
【譯文】任何人在銀行開活期賬戶就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時提取，方式可以是取現金，也可以是開張以他人為收款人的支票。
【講解】repayment of which…another person為非限制性定語從句，which代表money。repayment of which在定語從句中作demand的賓語。
【單詞和短語】
repayment：償還，付還（when you pay back money that you have borrowed），
例如：
bonds due for repayment到期應償還的債券
demand repayment of the stolen money 要求歸還被竊錢款
repayment的動詞形式為repay。
12-2. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor—who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
【譯文】銀行與儲戶主要是債務人和債權人關系。究竟誰是債務人誰是債權人要看儲戶是有結余還是透支。
【講解】that替代relationship，以避免重復。who is which depending on…overdrawn乃獨立主格結構，進一步說明破折號之前的句子。who is which是現在分詞短語depending on…overdrawn的邏輯主語。which代表debtor或creditor，意為“誰是債務人，誰是債權人”。whether…is overdrawn作on的賓語。
【單詞和短語】
overdrawn：透支的（if you or your account is overdrawn, you have spent more than you had in your account and so you own the bank money），
例如：
interest charged on overdrawn accounts對透支賬戶所收的利息。
overdrawn的動詞形式為overdrawn。
12-3. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
【譯文】除了這一基本的簡單概念外，銀行和儲戶彼此還需承擔大量義務。
【單詞和短語】
owe：應給予；應該（或有必要）做（to feel that you should do sth. for sb. or give sb. sth. , because they have done sth. for you or given sth. to you），
例如：
owe sb. thanks 應向某人致謝
I owe him a letter. 我應該給他寫一封信。
You owe yourself a subscription. 你該給自己訂閱一份。
注意比較第二課第4句中own的含義。
obligation：（法律上或道義上的）責任，義務（a moral or legal duty to do something），
例如：
a legal obligation to serve in the armed forces 服兵役的法律責任
the obligations of a citizen 公民的義務
fulfill every obligation 盡到每一責任
undertake new obligations 承擔新的責任
feel an obligation to do sb. 感到對某人有責任
obligation的動詞形式為obligate，形容詞形式為obligatory。