新概念第二冊自學導讀 Lessons18

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. 我在一家鄉(xiāng)村小酒店吃過午飯后,就找我的提包。
    (1)have在have lunch這個詞組中是完全動詞而不是助動詞,因此,像其他完全動詞一樣,它的過去完成時要加助動詞had。
    (cf. 本課語法)
    (2)pub為public house(酒店,酒吧)的縮略形式,在英國英語的口語中較常見:
    Let's go to the pub for a drink.
    咱們去酒店喝杯酒吧。
    (3)look for強調“尋找”這個動作,而不涉及結果:
    I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn't find it.
    我到處尋找我的鑰匙,但還是沒找到。
    2.I had left it on a chair beside the door…我曾把它放在門邊的椅子上……
    leave除了“離去”、“離開”、“出發(fā)”的意思,還可以表示“把(人、物)留下”、“遺留”、“丟下”等:
    The dog has left your bag by a tree.
    那狗把你的提包丟在了一棵樹旁。
    Have you left anything in the car?
    你有沒有把什么東西丟在車里?
    Leave the books on the desk.
    把書放在課桌上。
    3.My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!我的狗把它弄到花園里去了,他常干這種事!
    he在這里指代的是狗。動物通常用it來代表,即被看成像東西一樣。但是,指寵物、家畜或民間故事中的動物時,我們經常也用he,she,who等,即使得它們“人格化”并具有性別。用陰性代詞指某個動物或東西時尤其有一種親切的含義:
    I have a little cat. She drinks milk every morning.
    我有一只小貓。她每天早上喝牛奶。
    George's parrot, Henry, can speak a few words. He always calls when there are lights.
    喬治的鸚鵡亨利能說幾個單詞。只要有燈光他就叫。
    語法 Grammar in use
    完全動詞have
    (1)動詞have有兩種用法。一是作為助動詞構成各種完成時(包括過去、現在、將來)和完成進行時:
    I haven't seen him this morning.
    我今天上午沒見過他。
    When I rang, Tim had already left.
    我打電話的時候,蒂姆已經走了。
    (2)have還可以作完全動詞。當它作“具有”、“擁有”講時,它和have got通??梢曰Q。在英國英語中,疑問句和否定句中
    have(具有)的用法與be相同,即可以不用助動詞do(或did)。
    I haven't got any pencils.
    我沒有鉛筆。
    在美國英語中,常用do,did等與have一起構成疑問句和否定句:
    這種形式在英國英語中現在也常見了。
    have作“具有”、“擁有”講時是狀態(tài)動詞,不能用于進行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)。它通常用于一般現在時:
    You can have these apples if you want them. I've got a lot more.
    如果你想要這些蘋果你可以把它們拿走。我還有許多。
    He has(got) a Ford.
    他有一輛福特牌汽車。
    在其他時態(tài)中,一般用have而不用 have got:
    He had a Ford last year.
    去年他有過一輛福特牌汽車。
    I have had this car for three years.
    這輛汽車我已用了3年了。
    Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.
    上星期吉米得了重感冒。(3)have 作完全動詞時,還可以表示eat,drink,enjoy,take等意思,這時它是行為動詞,可以用于包括進行時的各種時態(tài):
    Have a cigarette, Sam.
    薩姆,請抽煙。
    We will have dinner at seven o'clock.
    我們將于7點開飯。
    Sam and I had lunch together today.
    我和薩姆今天一起吃的午飯。
    I'm having a drink.
    我正在喝點東西。
    當have用于表示這些含義時,它必須與do和did等連用以構成疑問句和否定句:
    詞匯學習 Word study
    1.beside與besides
    介詞beside常用的含義為“在……旁邊”、“在……附近”:
    Come and sit beside us.
    過來坐在我們旁邊吧。
    There is a chair beside the door.
    門旁邊有一把椅子。
    besides的詞形與beside很相似,但意義卻相差甚遠。besides作副詞時表示“而且”、“并且”、“此外”等意思:
    She has so much else to do besides.
    此外,她還有許多其他事要做。
    I'm quite busy today. Besides, I've got a bad cold.
    我今天很忙,而且我還感冒得厲害。
    besides還可以作介詞,表示“除……之外(還)”:
    There were a lot of people at the party besides us.
    除了我們以外,晚會上還有許多(其他)人。
    2.give的幾個固定搭配
    及物動詞give常用的含義是“給予”、“交給”:
    Give me some water, please.
    請給我一些水。
    I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.
    我上個月曾借給他一些書。他今天上午都還給我了??梢钥闯觯琯ive與back連用時,它的意義并沒有發(fā)生太大的變化。但是,當它與其他副詞連用時,意義往往會有變化,有時變化非常大:
    He gave away all his books to the library.
    他把所有的書都贈給了這家圖書館。(give away:贈送)
    Give in your examination papers after you've finished.
    考卷做好后就交上來。(give in:上交,呈交)
    You can do what you like. I will never give in.
    你想干什么就干什么。我決不屈服。(give in:屈服,讓步)
    He gave up drinking a few years ago.
    他幾年前戒酒了。(give up:放棄,拋棄)
    Jack has given up the watch he stole last week.
    杰克把他上星期偷的表交了出來。(give up:交出,讓出)
    練習答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關鍵句型練習答案
    A 1 I looked for my bag after I had had lunch at a village pub.
    2 I had left my bag on a chair beside the door.
    3 The landlord asked me:‘Did you have a good meal?’
    4 I answered:‘I can't pay the bill because I haven't got my bag.’
    5 The dog had taken the bag into the garden.
    C Sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11
    2.難點練習答案
    A 1 back 2 away 3 in 4 in
    B 1 Besides 2 beside
    3.多項選擇題答案
    1b 2d 3b 4d 5b 6c
    7d 8c 9a 10c 11c 12b