單項選擇題
1、 Fourteen people were charged with offences including obstruction and resisting arrest.
A．warfare
B．violation
C．robbery
D．racism
2、根據(jù)下列材料，請回答題 Science and Technology There is a difference between science and technology. _______(46) Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. _______ (47) Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other peoples likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. _______ (48) But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. _______ (49) The purpose of technology is to serve people-people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. _______ (50) Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general--so much so that the promise of technology is "obscured". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? 回答（46）題 A．Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B．Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. C．What scientists discover may shock or anger people--as did Darwin's theory of evolution. D．Science and technology are different. E．We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. F．Science is a method of answering theoretical questions ; technology is a method of solving practical problems.
3、閱讀材料，回答題： Do bring about greater competition About eight million school-age children are home alone after school. These are the hourswhen the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco-hol, tobacco, and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or twountil aparent comes home, and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk ofpoor grades and risky behaviors. Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors amongyouths. One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio-lence even in poor neighB．orhoods. After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities tochildren and youths during their out-of-school time. In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours, after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults. Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time, are very important for healthy development in youth. After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and playb．a(chǎn)sketd．a(chǎn)ll when a parent or other responsible adult is at home. The programs can also be helpfulfor formal after-school activities, including" drop-in" programs that are provided B．y organizations.Despite the benefits of after-school programs, there are many reasons why some parents do notuse them. Programs may be too expensive, of poor quality, or hard to join. Some older children andyoung teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care. Parents may feeluncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years. However, research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protectingmiddle school and high school youths from risk and harm. Which of the following is abenefit of after-school programs? A．They help to avoid crime and violence during that time. B．They help youths do things on their own during after-school hours. C．They help teens develop caring relationships with classmates. D．They help to reduce risky behaviors among youths.
4、 根據(jù)以下材料回答題： Immigration Immigration is the act of coming to a foreign country to live. The act of leaving one's country to settle in another is called emigration. Immigrants who flee their country because of persecution, war, or such disasters as famines or epidemic are known as refugees or displaced persons (DP's). Most people find it very hard to pull up roots in their native land and move to a strange country. But throughout history, countless millions of people have done so. The heaviest immigration worldwide took place from the early 1800's to the Great Depression-the economic hard times of the 1930's. In that period, about 60 million people moved to a new land. Most came from Europe. More than half immigrated to the United States. Other destinations included Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Today, the availability of fast, safe and cheap transportation helps make migration easier. Asia is replacing Europe as the major immigrant-sending area. The United States remains the chief receiving nation. People forsake their homeland and move to another country for various reasons. The main reason for immigration has long been economic opportunity-the lure of better land or a better job. During the 1800's, for example, the rich prairie land of the United States and Canada attracted many European farmers. Today, professional people commonly emigrated because of better opportunities elsewhere. Such emigration has sometimes been called brain drain. For example, many Philippine doctors and nurses and numerous Indian engineers and scientists have moved to the United States and Australia. Religious persecution has led many people to move to a new land for the freedom to practice their faith. Such immigrants include Jews expelled from England in the ]200's. Wars, revolutions, and political unrest have driven innumerable people to find new homes. In the 1990's alone, millions of refugees fled from .warfare in Iraq, Rwanda, Liberia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Some immigrants were brought to a new land against their will. From the 1500's to the 1800's, Europeans shipped black Africans to the Western Hemisphere as slaves. The United Kingdom transported convicts to Australia from the late 1700's to the 1860's to relieve over crowding in British jails. Before that time, the United Kingdom sent convicts to the American colonies. Immigrants have made enormous contributions to the culture and economy of such nations as Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States. But their accomplishments have been made with great difficulty. Many of the receiving countries have restricted immigration to maintain a homogeneous society in which all the people shared the same ethnic, geographic, and cultural background. Although some immigration laws have been relaxed, many newcomers of different backgrounds still face challenges in gaining acceptance. Most immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century came from__________ A．Asia B．Europe C．Australia D．South Africa
5、 根據(jù)以下材料回答題： The Development of Personality Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up ( 浸泡 ) A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: Remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, "Rejoice, We conquer!" By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to hide possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively form A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
In line 2, Para. 2 the word "institution" refers to__________ A．establishment B．social custom C．law D．school
6、 回答題: Green Roof Research The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent( 流行 ) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research. The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as "extensive" and "intensive" systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate ( 土層 ) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs ( 灌木 ) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people. There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美學的 ) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation ( 緩解) of the heat island effect in urban areas. The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation ( 繁殖 ) as well as establishment, nutrient (養(yǎng)料 ) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival. A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms. Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked. It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
7、 It is obvious that he will win the game. A．likely B．possible C．clear D．unwilling
8、 His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her． A．hope B．jump C．silence D．life
9、 回答題： So Many 'Earths' The Milky Way ( 銀河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life, that's the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth. The authors of a study, published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's, but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to. orbit in a star's habitable zone, That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate ( 推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see. The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sun-like stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sun-like stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
10、That uniform makes the guards look absurd. A．serious B．beautiful C．impressive D．ridiculous
2、根據(jù)下列材料，請回答題 Science and Technology There is a difference between science and technology. _______(46) Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. _______ (47) Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other peoples likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. _______ (48) But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. _______ (49) The purpose of technology is to serve people-people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. _______ (50) Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general--so much so that the promise of technology is "obscured". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? 回答（46）題 A．Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B．Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. C．What scientists discover may shock or anger people--as did Darwin's theory of evolution. D．Science and technology are different. E．We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. F．Science is a method of answering theoretical questions ; technology is a method of solving practical problems.
3、閱讀材料，回答題： Do bring about greater competition About eight million school-age children are home alone after school. These are the hourswhen the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco-hol, tobacco, and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or twountil aparent comes home, and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk ofpoor grades and risky behaviors. Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors amongyouths. One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio-lence even in poor neighB．orhoods. After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities tochildren and youths during their out-of-school time. In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours, after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults. Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time, are very important for healthy development in youth. After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and playb．a(chǎn)sketd．a(chǎn)ll when a parent or other responsible adult is at home. The programs can also be helpfulfor formal after-school activities, including" drop-in" programs that are provided B．y organizations.Despite the benefits of after-school programs, there are many reasons why some parents do notuse them. Programs may be too expensive, of poor quality, or hard to join. Some older children andyoung teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care. Parents may feeluncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years. However, research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protectingmiddle school and high school youths from risk and harm. Which of the following is abenefit of after-school programs? A．They help to avoid crime and violence during that time. B．They help youths do things on their own during after-school hours. C．They help teens develop caring relationships with classmates. D．They help to reduce risky behaviors among youths.
4、 根據(jù)以下材料回答題： Immigration Immigration is the act of coming to a foreign country to live. The act of leaving one's country to settle in another is called emigration. Immigrants who flee their country because of persecution, war, or such disasters as famines or epidemic are known as refugees or displaced persons (DP's). Most people find it very hard to pull up roots in their native land and move to a strange country. But throughout history, countless millions of people have done so. The heaviest immigration worldwide took place from the early 1800's to the Great Depression-the economic hard times of the 1930's. In that period, about 60 million people moved to a new land. Most came from Europe. More than half immigrated to the United States. Other destinations included Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Today, the availability of fast, safe and cheap transportation helps make migration easier. Asia is replacing Europe as the major immigrant-sending area. The United States remains the chief receiving nation. People forsake their homeland and move to another country for various reasons. The main reason for immigration has long been economic opportunity-the lure of better land or a better job. During the 1800's, for example, the rich prairie land of the United States and Canada attracted many European farmers. Today, professional people commonly emigrated because of better opportunities elsewhere. Such emigration has sometimes been called brain drain. For example, many Philippine doctors and nurses and numerous Indian engineers and scientists have moved to the United States and Australia. Religious persecution has led many people to move to a new land for the freedom to practice their faith. Such immigrants include Jews expelled from England in the ]200's. Wars, revolutions, and political unrest have driven innumerable people to find new homes. In the 1990's alone, millions of refugees fled from .warfare in Iraq, Rwanda, Liberia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Some immigrants were brought to a new land against their will. From the 1500's to the 1800's, Europeans shipped black Africans to the Western Hemisphere as slaves. The United Kingdom transported convicts to Australia from the late 1700's to the 1860's to relieve over crowding in British jails. Before that time, the United Kingdom sent convicts to the American colonies. Immigrants have made enormous contributions to the culture and economy of such nations as Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States. But their accomplishments have been made with great difficulty. Many of the receiving countries have restricted immigration to maintain a homogeneous society in which all the people shared the same ethnic, geographic, and cultural background. Although some immigration laws have been relaxed, many newcomers of different backgrounds still face challenges in gaining acceptance. Most immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century came from__________ A．Asia B．Europe C．Australia D．South Africa
5、 根據(jù)以下材料回答題： The Development of Personality Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up ( 浸泡 ) A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: Remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, "Rejoice, We conquer!" By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to hide possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively form A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
In line 2, Para. 2 the word "institution" refers to__________ A．establishment B．social custom C．law D．school
6、 回答題: Green Roof Research The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent( 流行 ) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research. The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as "extensive" and "intensive" systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate ( 土層 ) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs ( 灌木 ) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people. There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美學的 ) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation ( 緩解) of the heat island effect in urban areas. The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation ( 繁殖 ) as well as establishment, nutrient (養(yǎng)料 ) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival. A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms. Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked. It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
7、 It is obvious that he will win the game. A．likely B．possible C．clear D．unwilling
8、 His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her． A．hope B．jump C．silence D．life
9、 回答題： So Many 'Earths' The Milky Way ( 銀河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life, that's the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth. The authors of a study, published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's, but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to. orbit in a star's habitable zone, That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate ( 推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see. The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sun-like stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sun-like stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
10、That uniform makes the guards look absurd. A．serious B．beautiful C．impressive D．ridiculous