3-4. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
【譯文】
的確，探險(xiǎn)中他們經(jīng)常遇到性質(zhì)最為危險(xiǎn)的艱難險(xiǎn)阻，他們裝備之簡(jiǎn)陋使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。但他們并非故意尋求這種刺激。
【講解】
equipped in a manner…thought是過去分詞短語，作原因狀語，修飾faced。at the thought后省略了of the manner。
【單詞和短語】
perilous：充滿危險(xiǎn)的；瀕臨毀滅的（very dangerous），
例如：
a perilous rate of inflation 危機(jī)四伏的通貨膨脹率
perilous的名詞形式為peril。
shudder at：對(duì)……感到驚恐（to think that something is very bad or unpleasant），
例如：
He shudders at the sight of a snake.
他一見到蛇就膽顫心驚。
go out of their way to do something：特地；不怕麻煩地（to do something with more effort than is usual or expected），
例如：
She went out of her way to help me.
她不怕麻煩地來幫我。
3-5. They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top!
【譯文】
他們只有一個(gè)目的，的目標(biāo)——頂峰！
【講解】
從語法角度分析，a solitary goal和the top均是a single aim的同位語。從修辭角度看，作者以改變說法的方式達(dá)到加強(qiáng)語意的目的。這叫修正法（epanorthosis）。破折號(hào)引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。
【單詞和短語】
solitary：獨(dú)一無二的（used to emphasize that there is only one of something），
例如：
a solitary exception 的例外
3-6. It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.
【譯文】
如今我們很難理解登山先驅(qū)者昔日是多么艱苦。
【講解】
it是形式主語，to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers是真正的主語。請(qǐng)掌握It is hard for sb. to do something.這個(gè)句型。
【單詞和短語】
pioneer:先驅(qū)（someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people），
例如：
a pioneer of photography 攝影術(shù)創(chuàng)始人
a pioneer in the development of radar 雷達(dá)研制的先驅(qū)
3-7. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.
【譯文】
除了澤曼特和夏蒙尼等一兩個(gè)迅速出名的地方外，阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)的小村由于高山隔絕了文明日漸成為貧窮的村落。
【講解】
such as可以分開，如such places as…，這時(shí)as作關(guān)系代詞，as引出的從句是省略句。such as不分開時(shí)其作用相當(dāng)于like，表示舉例。因此可以把such…Chamonix視為修飾places的定語。cut off from civilization by the high mountains是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾settlements。
【單詞和短語】
except for：除了……之外，
例如：
I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.
我除了知道他住在隔壁外，對(duì)他的其他情況一無所知。
impoverish：使窮困，使赤貧（to make some one very poor），形容詞為impoverished，名詞形式為impoverishment。
【譯文】
的確，探險(xiǎn)中他們經(jīng)常遇到性質(zhì)最為危險(xiǎn)的艱難險(xiǎn)阻，他們裝備之簡(jiǎn)陋使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。但他們并非故意尋求這種刺激。
【講解】
equipped in a manner…thought是過去分詞短語，作原因狀語，修飾faced。at the thought后省略了of the manner。
【單詞和短語】
perilous：充滿危險(xiǎn)的；瀕臨毀滅的（very dangerous），
例如：
a perilous rate of inflation 危機(jī)四伏的通貨膨脹率
perilous的名詞形式為peril。
shudder at：對(duì)……感到驚恐（to think that something is very bad or unpleasant），
例如：
He shudders at the sight of a snake.
他一見到蛇就膽顫心驚。
go out of their way to do something：特地；不怕麻煩地（to do something with more effort than is usual or expected），
例如：
She went out of her way to help me.
她不怕麻煩地來幫我。
3-5. They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top!
【譯文】
他們只有一個(gè)目的，的目標(biāo)——頂峰！
【講解】
從語法角度分析，a solitary goal和the top均是a single aim的同位語。從修辭角度看，作者以改變說法的方式達(dá)到加強(qiáng)語意的目的。這叫修正法（epanorthosis）。破折號(hào)引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。
【單詞和短語】
solitary：獨(dú)一無二的（used to emphasize that there is only one of something），
例如：
a solitary exception 的例外
3-6. It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.
【譯文】
如今我們很難理解登山先驅(qū)者昔日是多么艱苦。
【講解】
it是形式主語，to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers是真正的主語。請(qǐng)掌握It is hard for sb. to do something.這個(gè)句型。
【單詞和短語】
pioneer:先驅(qū)（someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people），
例如：
a pioneer of photography 攝影術(shù)創(chuàng)始人
a pioneer in the development of radar 雷達(dá)研制的先驅(qū)
3-7. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.
【譯文】
除了澤曼特和夏蒙尼等一兩個(gè)迅速出名的地方外，阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)的小村由于高山隔絕了文明日漸成為貧窮的村落。
【講解】
such as可以分開，如such places as…，這時(shí)as作關(guān)系代詞，as引出的從句是省略句。such as不分開時(shí)其作用相當(dāng)于like，表示舉例。因此可以把such…Chamonix視為修飾places的定語。cut off from civilization by the high mountains是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾settlements。
【單詞和短語】
except for：除了……之外，
例如：
I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.
我除了知道他住在隔壁外，對(duì)他的其他情況一無所知。
impoverish：使窮困，使赤貧（to make some one very poor），形容詞為impoverished，名詞形式為impoverishment。