課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一個(gè)由美麗的樹林環(huán)繞的古老的小鎮(zhèn)上。
這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，which is surrounded by ... 為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾town。which 指代 town 。從句用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，“被......所包圍”，如果將從句獨(dú)立為一個(gè)句子，則為：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2. on Sundays 是泛指“在星期天”，而不是指在某個(gè)星期天。
3．hundreds of people，數(shù)以百計(jì)的（游）人。
hundreds of people 復(fù)數(shù)形式表概數(shù)，“數(shù)以......計(jì)的”與 of 連用，作名詞的修飾語(yǔ)，其后面的名詞必然是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4. . . . to see our town and to walk through the woods. 來(lái)參觀我們的小鎮(zhèn)并在樹林中散步。
to see our town and to walk through the woods 為不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
這里用 and 連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式。介詞through，“穿過(guò)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)縱深向，如：walk through the forest 穿過(guò)森林：而 across 強(qiáng)調(diào)橫向，如：
walk across the street 橫穿街道
5．Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy．游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，說(shuō)明需求的行為應(yīng)為游客所知。（句中 have been asked是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。詳見(jiàn)本課語(yǔ)法部分。）to keep the woods clean and tidy 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)visitors的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。clean and tidy 是賓語(yǔ) the woods 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
clean and tidy 表示“整潔的，清潔的”這是英語(yǔ)中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，其它常見(jiàn)的類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：black and blue 青一塊紫一塊；happy and gay 高高興興heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意
6．go for a walk，去散步。
7．What I saw made me very sad．我所見(jiàn)到的一切使我非常難過(guò)。
句中的主語(yǔ) What I saw 是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句）。例如：
What the little boy did surprised his mother. 那個(gè)小男孩所做的一切使他母親十分驚訝。
What you do makes me happy. 你所做的是我愉快。
8. The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of paper，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.
句中 and 連接的并列句，“the litter baskets were empty” 與“groun was ... 分別為兩個(gè)并列分句，be covered with ... 被 ...... 覆蓋。如：
The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布滿了灰塵。
The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。
9. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！凡在此樹林里丟垃圾者，將依法處置。
這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anyone 。will be prosecuted 為將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 該晚會(huì)來(lái)者不拒。
Anyone who breaks the traffic regulations will be fined. 任何違反交通規(guī)則的人都會(huì)被罰款。語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2）
上介紹了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式，這里介紹其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式：
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式： has/have been 過(guò)去分詞：
The basket has already been emptied. 籃子已經(jīng)被騰空了。
They have already been invited. 他們已被邀請(qǐng)。
（2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式： will/shall be 過(guò)去分詞：
The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就會(huì)掃的。
The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就會(huì)磨的。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．place v.
（1）（小心地）放；放置：
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他們的要求將我置于困境。
（2）任命；安置：
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在東京的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
沒(méi)有更好的辦法來(lái)安置這些無(wú)家可歸的孩子們。
2．prosecute v.
（1）起訴，檢舉；依法處置：
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
閑人莫入，違者法辦。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。
（2）〈書面語(yǔ)〉徹底進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行：
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我們將進(jìn)一步徹底進(jìn)行調(diào)查。
3．surround v.
包圍；圍繞：
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被綠樹環(huán)繞著。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的四周到處都是盒子。
1．I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一個(gè)由美麗的樹林環(huán)繞的古老的小鎮(zhèn)上。
這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，which is surrounded by ... 為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾town。which 指代 town 。從句用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，“被......所包圍”，如果將從句獨(dú)立為一個(gè)句子，則為：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2. on Sundays 是泛指“在星期天”，而不是指在某個(gè)星期天。
3．hundreds of people，數(shù)以百計(jì)的（游）人。
hundreds of people 復(fù)數(shù)形式表概數(shù)，“數(shù)以......計(jì)的”與 of 連用，作名詞的修飾語(yǔ)，其后面的名詞必然是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4. . . . to see our town and to walk through the woods. 來(lái)參觀我們的小鎮(zhèn)并在樹林中散步。
to see our town and to walk through the woods 為不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
這里用 and 連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式。介詞through，“穿過(guò)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)縱深向，如：walk through the forest 穿過(guò)森林：而 across 強(qiáng)調(diào)橫向，如：
walk across the street 橫穿街道
5．Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy．游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，說(shuō)明需求的行為應(yīng)為游客所知。（句中 have been asked是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。詳見(jiàn)本課語(yǔ)法部分。）to keep the woods clean and tidy 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)visitors的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。clean and tidy 是賓語(yǔ) the woods 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
clean and tidy 表示“整潔的，清潔的”這是英語(yǔ)中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，其它常見(jiàn)的類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：black and blue 青一塊紫一塊；happy and gay 高高興興heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意
6．go for a walk，去散步。
7．What I saw made me very sad．我所見(jiàn)到的一切使我非常難過(guò)。
句中的主語(yǔ) What I saw 是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句）。例如：
What the little boy did surprised his mother. 那個(gè)小男孩所做的一切使他母親十分驚訝。
What you do makes me happy. 你所做的是我愉快。
8. The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of paper，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.
句中 and 連接的并列句，“the litter baskets were empty” 與“groun was ... 分別為兩個(gè)并列分句，be covered with ... 被 ...... 覆蓋。如：
The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布滿了灰塵。
The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。
9. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！凡在此樹林里丟垃圾者，將依法處置。
這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anyone 。will be prosecuted 為將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 該晚會(huì)來(lái)者不拒。
Anyone who breaks the traffic regulations will be fined. 任何違反交通規(guī)則的人都會(huì)被罰款。語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2）
上介紹了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式，這里介紹其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式：
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式： has/have been 過(guò)去分詞：
The basket has already been emptied. 籃子已經(jīng)被騰空了。
They have already been invited. 他們已被邀請(qǐng)。
（2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式： will/shall be 過(guò)去分詞：
The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就會(huì)掃的。
The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就會(huì)磨的。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．place v.
（1）（小心地）放；放置：
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他們的要求將我置于困境。
（2）任命；安置：
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在東京的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
沒(méi)有更好的辦法來(lái)安置這些無(wú)家可歸的孩子們。
2．prosecute v.
（1）起訴，檢舉；依法處置：
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
閑人莫入，違者法辦。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。
（2）〈書面語(yǔ)〉徹底進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行：
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我們將進(jìn)一步徹底進(jìn)行調(diào)查。
3．surround v.
包圍；圍繞：
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被綠樹環(huán)繞著。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的四周到處都是盒子。