新概念第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons9

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.…a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. ……一大群人聚集在市政廳的大鐘下面。
    had gathered為過去完成時(shí),表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。(cf. 第14課語法)
    2.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. 再過20分鐘,大鐘將敲響12下。
    (1)這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為過去將來時(shí)。
    (2)in 表示時(shí)間長度的短語可譯為“……時(shí)間之后”,一般與將來時(shí)連用:
    Please wait a moment here. Jack will be back in a few minutes.
    請?jiān)诖松院颉=芸藥追昼娭缶突貋怼?BR>    (3)strike的基本含義是“打”、“擊”:
    She struck the man in the face.
    她打了那人的臉。
    當(dāng)用于鐘、樂器等東西時(shí),它有“敲”、“彈”的含義:
    When I entered the room, the clock struck five.
    我進(jìn)屋時(shí),鐘敲響了5點(diǎn)。
    3.We waited and waited, but nothing happened. 我們等啊等啊,可情況沒有變化。
    動詞 happen作“發(fā)生”、“出現(xiàn)”講時(shí),主語是物:
    Have you heard what happened to Sam this morning?
    你聽說今天上午薩姆發(fā)生了什么事了嗎?
    An interesting thing happened last night.
    昨晚發(fā)生了一件有趣的事。
    4.The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. 那座大鐘不愿意迎接新年。
    這句話中的兩個(gè)動詞 refuse和welcome在一般情況下主語都是人。我們可以說:
    Susan's friends welcomed her with flowers when she returned from abroad.
    蘇珊從國外回來時(shí),她的朋友們用鮮花歡迎她。
    在書上的這句話中,用大鐘作主語是一種擬人手法。
    語法 Grammar in use
    1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的介詞 in, on, at, during, till與 until
    (1)用in的時(shí)間短語有:
    表示一天中的某段時(shí)間:
    in the morning在早上
    in the afternoon/ evening 在下午/晚上
    表示月份、年份:
    in March 在3月
    in September 在9月
    in 1984 在1984年
    表示季節(jié):
    in (the) spring 在春天
    in (the) winter 在冬天
    in 一段時(shí)間有兩種含義。它可以表示“在某段時(shí)間之內(nèi)”,這時(shí)它可以與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)連用,一般與完成某個(gè)動作有關(guān):
    I always eat my breakfast in ten minutes.
    我總是在10分鐘之內(nèi)吃完早飯。
    I finished the examination in two hours.
    我在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)做完了考題。
    另外,它還可以表示“……時(shí)間之后”,與將來時(shí)連用:Mother will be back in ten days.
    母親10天后回來。
    (2)用on的時(shí)間短語有:
    表示星期:
    on Monday 星期一
    on Friday 星期五
    on Monday morning/evening 在星期一早上/晚上表示日期:
    on June 1st 在6月1日
    on 23rd March 在3月23日
    (在書寫日期時(shí)沒有冠詞,但在口語中則分別讀為:on June the first, on the 23rd of March)
    表示星期 日期:
    on Monday, June 1st 在6月1日,星期一
    表示具體時(shí)間:
    on that day 在那一天
    on that evening 在那天晚上
    My brother's birthday is on August 12th.我哥哥的生日是8月12日。
    (3)用at的時(shí)間短語有:
    表示確切的時(shí)間:
    at 10 o'clock 在10點(diǎn)鐘
    at 5 'clock 在5點(diǎn)鐘表示用餐時(shí)間:
    at lunch/ dinner time 在午飯/正餐時(shí)間
    at teatime 在茶點(diǎn)時(shí)間
    表示其他時(shí)刻:
    at noon/ night/ midnight 在中午/夜里/半夜
    at this time 在這時(shí)
    Liz came to see me at ten/ teatime.
    莉茲10點(diǎn)/在茶點(diǎn)時(shí)來看我了。
    (4)during后必須跟一個(gè)名詞,可以指整個(gè)一段時(shí)間。它有時(shí)可以用in替代:
    It was very hot during the summer.
    那年夏天很熱。
    He has phoned four times during the last half hour.
    在這半小時(shí)內(nèi)他打了4次電話。
    但在下面的例句中則不可用in替代during:
    I met him sometime during the week.
    我是在這一周的某天遇見他的。
    During the whole winter it never snowed.
    整個(gè)冬季一直沒下雪。
    (5)from…till…指一段明確的時(shí)間:
    The tourist season runs from June till October.
    旅游季節(jié)從6月一直到10月。
    (6)當(dāng)所用動詞只表示一個(gè)短暫的動作(如finish, leave)時(shí),則只能在否定句中用till/ until:
    I won't leave till/ until Monday.
    我要到星期一才離開。
    2.否定句的兩種形式:not any與 no
    對于一般疑問句,可以有兩種否定的回答:
    否定詞no比not any的語氣要強(qiáng),但這兩種否定的意義是相同的。no可構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞nobody, none, nothing, nowhere; any可構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞anybody, anything和anywhere:
    在一個(gè)句子中通常只能有一個(gè)否定詞(包括never, hardly等詞):
    而除黑人英語外一般不說:* I can't get no eggs.*
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.gather
    (1)vt. 使集攏,集合,召集:
    He gathered a large crowd of people round him.
    他在自己周圍聚集了一大群人。
    (2)vt. 收集,采集,收(莊稼等):
    The children are out in the field gathering flowers.
    孩子們在外面地里采花。
    It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.
    收集所有這些書花了我一輩子的時(shí)間。
    (3)vi. 集攏,聚集,集合:
    They gathered under the Town Hall clock.
    他們聚集在市政廳的大鐘下面。
    2. refuse
    (1)vt. 拒絕(接受、服從等):
    She refused the gift.
    她拒絕接受這份禮物。
    (2)vt. 拒不,不肯,不愿:
    Mary refused to tell her age.
    瑪麗不愿說出自己的年齡。
    John refused to change his mind.
    約翰拒不改變主意。
    (3)vi. 拒絕,不接受:
    I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.
    對于他的幫助我提出給他報(bào)酬,但他拒絕了。
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    A 1 We went to the Town Hall on Wednesday evening/ New Year's Eve.
    2 The clock would strike twelve in twenty minutes time.
    3 The clock stopped at five to twelve.
    B 1 in 2 On 3 during/ in 4 in 5 at
    6 on…in 7 in 8 at…in 9 until
    C (sample answers)
    1 The match will begin at 3 o'clock.
    2 They bought their house in 1980.
    3 The shop is closed from one till two.
    4 The children went to school in the morning.
    5 He'll finish school in two years' time.
    6 Let's go for a walk in the evening.
    7 He went to church on Sunday.
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    A 1 No, I haven't any/ have no money.
    2 No, I didn't go anywhere/ went nowhere in the holidays.
    3 No, I didn't buy anything/ bought nothing this morning.
    4 No, there wasn't anybody/ was nobody present when the accident happened.
    B He has no hobbies. He goes nowhere. He sees nobody. He is interested in nothing----except food!
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1 b 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 a 6 b
    7 b 8 d 9 b 10 b 11 d 12 c