新概念第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons5

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.
    平赫斯特離錫爾伯里只有5英里,但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能為他新的汽車修理部搞到一部電話機,所以他買了12只鴿子。
    (1)這句話由3個部分組成。but引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的句子為并列關(guān)系,so引導(dǎo)的句子表示結(jié)果。
    (2)from 在這里表示距離上相隔,譯為“離”、“從”等:
    The school is a mile (away) from my house.
    學(xué)校離我家有一英里。
    She has been away from home for 5 days now.
    她離家已有5天了。
    2.Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. 昨天,一只鴿子把第一封信從平赫斯特帶到錫爾伯里。
    (1)from…to…表示從一個地方到另一個地方。如下文中的from one garage to the other。這個短語中順序比較重要,不能搞錯方向:
    He flew from Beijing to Moscow.
    他從北京坐飛機去莫斯科。
    He looked at the girl from head to foot.
    他把這姑娘從頭到腳打量了一下。
    The news spread from house to house.
    家家戶戶都得知了這條消息。
    (2)message在這里的意思是“(口頭或書面的)信息”、“信”:
    an oral/ written message 口信/便條
    Hers is a message for you from your sister.
    這是你姐姐/妹妹給你留的便條。
    John has gone to his office. Would you like to leave him a message?
    約翰去辦公室了。你愿意給他留個口信嗎?
    與message相關(guān)的另一個詞是 messenger,意為“送信人”、“信使”等。
    3.Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.
    到目前為止,斯科特先生從一個汽車修理部向另一個發(fā)送了大量索取備件的信件和其他緊急函件。
    (1)這句話看起來很長,但卻是個簡單句。sent有兩個賓語,一是requests,二是messages。from one garage to the other是整個句子的狀語。
    (2)up to now相當(dāng)于until/till now,意思是“迄今”、“到目前為止”,一般與現(xiàn)在完成時連用:
    Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.
    到目前為止,他一直不是很用功。
    Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.
    到目前為止,他已收集了許多郵票。
    (3)request作名詞“要求”、“請求”講時,往往需要補充說明其內(nèi)容,如課文中 requests for spare parts(索取備件的信件)。
    She sent a request for help to Gary.
    她向加里請求幫助。
    He granted my request for more time.
    他同意了我延長時間的請求。(4)a great many在這句話中為形容詞短語。many單獨使用時前面不加a,但加了great/ good等形容詞后,前面要加 a
    A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.
    好多樹在這場暴風(fēng)雨中被毀壞了。
    a great many還可以作代詞短語用:
    He has read a great many of the books in this room.
    這房間的書他好多都讀過了。
    4.In this way, he has begun his own private‘telephone’ service.
    就這樣,他開始了自己的私人“電話”業(yè)務(wù)。
    (1)service作為不可數(shù)名詞時通常用于表示旅館、餐館以及商店等對旅客、顧客等的侍候、接待或服務(wù);它作為可數(shù)名詞時可以表示為幫助他人所采取的行動或所做的工作:
    The service in that hotel is quite good.
    那家旅館的服務(wù)很不錯。
    You have done me a great service.
    你幫了我很大的忙。
    (2)在課文中,service的意思是“業(yè)務(wù)”、“公用事業(yè)”等。這類用法一般有: the mail service(郵政業(yè)務(wù)); the telephone service(電話業(yè)務(wù));a travel service(旅行社);a news service(通訊社)等??梢钥闯?,service既可以指公用事業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù),也可以指辦這些業(yè)務(wù)的機構(gòu)。因此,課文中的“‘ telephone’service”實際上是個大詞,有一種幽默感。
    語法 Grammar in use
    1.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
    在表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的事情或動作時,要用一般過去時:
    Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
    昨天,一只鴿子把第一封信從平赫斯特帶到錫爾伯里。
    在表示剛剛或者已經(jīng)完成一個動作并且對現(xiàn)在有影響時,則要用現(xiàn)在完成時,時間狀語可以是不特指的now, just,或者是for引導(dǎo)的一段時間,或者不加任何時間狀語:
    He has written a book.
    他寫了一本書。
    …now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.
    ……現(xiàn)在他剛在平赫斯特買下了另一個汽車修理部。(現(xiàn)在擁有)
    在一段文章中可以同時出現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時。因此,要根據(jù)具體情況靈活運用這些時態(tài),體會它們之間的區(qū)別:
    I have a brother, Tom. He is an engineer. He has been abroad for three years now. Several days ago, I received a letter from him.
    我有一個弟弟,名叫湯姆。他是位工程師。他出國已3年了。幾天前我收到了一封他的來信。
    2.帶way的一些短語
    名詞way的用法很靈活,能組成不同的搭配:
    (1)in the/ one's way, 妨礙(某人):
    You are in my way.
    你擋著我了。
    Don't stand in the way. I can't see the blackboard.
    別擋著我的視線。我看不見黑板了。
    (2) in the way, 按照,以……方式:
    You can make the cake in the way I have told you.
    你可以按我告訴你的方法做蛋糕。
    (3) on the/ one's way, 在途中:
    I met Mary on my way to school.
    我在去學(xué)校的路上遇到了瑪麗。
    (4) by the way, 順便提一下(插入語,改變話題時使用):
    By the way, have you met Bill before?
    順便問一下,你以前見過比爾嗎?
    (5) in a way, 在某種程度上,從某種意義來說:
    In a way you are right.
    從某種意義上說你是對的。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.cover
    (1)vt. 蓋,覆蓋:
    Snow covered the whole village.
    大雪覆蓋了整個村莊。
    She covered the child with a coat.
    她給孩子蓋了件外衣。2)vt. 行過(一段距離),走過(通常不用被動語態(tài)):
    He covered sixty miles this morning.
    他今天上午走了60英里。
    You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.
    你10分鐘就可以走到博物館。
    (3)n. 覆蓋物,蓋子,罩子,套子:
    Put a cover on the box!
    給這盒子加個罩!
    2.spare
    (1)vt. 抽出(時間等),讓給:
    Have you got five minutes to spare?
    你能抽出5分鐘時間嗎?
    (2)vt. 饒恕,赦免:
    The robbers spared his life.
    強盜們沒要他的命。
    (3)adj.多余的,空閑的,剩下的,備用的:
    You can sleep in the spare bedroom.
    你可以睡在那間空著的臥室。
    I have no spare time now.
    我現(xiàn)在沒有空閑時間。
    She has some spare money.
    她有一些活錢。
    Where can I get spare parts for this machine?
    我從哪里可以找到這臺機器的備件?
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.
    關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    A What happened: carried (1.4 ) ; covered (1. 5 )
    What has happened: has just bought (1.1) ; has just bought (11.3-4);has sent(1.6);has begun(1.8)
    C 1 What did you buy … ?
    2 he has never lent …
    3 Have you burnt … ?
    4 He fought …
    5 They have already left .
    6 When did you lose … ?
    7 Did you listen … ?
    8 We have just won …
    2.難點練習(xí)答案
    A 1 On the way
    2 in the way
    3 By the way
    4 in this/a way
    5 in the way
    B 1 There is a spare wheel in the back of the car.
    2 I always go on excursions in my spare time.
    3 ‘Have you any old clothes to spare? ’he asked.
    4 The guest slept in our spare room.
    5 ‘Spare me!’begged the prisoner.
    3.多項選擇題答案
    1c 2a 3d 4b 5c 6d
    7a 8b 9c 10b 11a 12d