Lesson 40 Food and talk
【New words and expressions】（6）
hostess n. 女主人
unsmiling adj. 不笑的，嚴肅的
tight adj. 緊身的
fix v. 凝視
globe n. 地球
despair n. 絕望
★hostess n. 女主人
host n. 男主人；v. 作為主人, 主辦
actor n. 男演員； actress n. 女演員
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的
unsmiling adj. 不笑的（un+smiling, 但并不一定表示 “嚴肅”）
serious [5siEriEs] adj.嚴肅的, 認真的, 嚴重的
My father is serious. ★tight adj. 緊身的
tight jeans 緊身牛仔褲
The shoes are small/tight. (夾腳, 很緊)
tights [taIts] n. 貼身襯衣, 緊身衣, 女用連褲襪
★fix v. 凝視
① v. 使……固定、安裝
fix the picture on the wall
She fixed a handle on the door.
fix on 使（目光、注意力等）集中于，盯著
fix one's eyes on sth./one's eyes be fixed on sth. 盯著……目不轉(zhuǎn)睛（習(xí)慣用被動）
All the eyes were fixed on the blackboard. 所有的眼睛都盯著黑板
② v. 修理
★globe n. 地球，球狀物, 如地球儀；adj. 全球的
global problem 全球性的問題
earth n. 地球
global “閣樓寶”，一種滅蟑螂的藥名
★despair n. 絕望
despair [dis5pZE] n. 絕望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)；vi.絕望
in despair 絕望的
sb./sth. is the despair of… ……讓……感到絕望
The boy is the despair of his parents. 那男孩的父母對他感到絕望了。
This boy is his mother's despair. 這個男孩使他媽絕望了。
The examination was the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.
我對考試已經(jīng)絕望了。
disappoint [7disE5pCint] vt. 使失望
【Text】
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’ 參考譯文
在上星期的宴會上, 女主人安排我坐在蘭伯爾德夫人的身旁. 蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴肅的女人, 穿一件緊身的黑衣服. 當(dāng)我在她身旁坐下來的時候, 她甚至連頭都沒有抬一下. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子, 不一會兒就忙著吃起來了. 我試圖找個話題和她聊聊.
“一出新劇要來‘環(huán)球劇場’上演了, “我說, “您去看嗎?”
“不, “她回答. “您今年去國外度假嗎?” 我又問.
“不, “她回答.
“您就呆在英國嗎?” 我問.
“不, “她回答.
失望之中我問她飯是否吃得滿意.
“年輕人, “她回答說, “如果你多吃點, 少說點, 我們兩個都會吃得好的!”
【課文講解】
1、Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. dinner為不可數(shù)名詞，“at a dinner party”中的“a”并不修飾“dinner”而是 “party”,have dinner不加“a”
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
next to 與……相鄰，挨著（既可表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著）
sit next to me 坐我旁邊
There’s a field/shop next to our house.
2、Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
unsmiling表示bad mix，很難與人融合。unsmiling的反義詞為smiling（微笑的，喜氣洋洋的）。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來表示相反的意義：comfortable（舒服的）/ uncomfortable（不舒服的），true（真實的）/untrue（不真實的），interesting（有趣的）/ uninteresting（無趣味的，乏味的）。 in在這里表示“穿著、戴著”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
（inquiring for sb. 要找（某人），求見某人）
3、She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.
take a seat 坐下，比sit要正式
Please take a seat.
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排好
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner/party began. 4、Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.
busy +doing sth. 忙著做某事（doing前可以加in，也可以不加）
We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance.
5、'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
The new film is coming to the cinema. / A new play will be on at ‘The Globe’.
即將上映
The film will be on. 那部電影即將要上映
6、'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’
在并列句中，相同的句子成分（如主語、謂語、狀語等）通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示，并且它們的長度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。
You can either go out or stay here.
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想買的東西很多，但他的錢很少。
【Composition】
1 She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)
1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.
=She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either.
but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ； but…either只能加否定
as well, either 在此句中可省略
2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介詞短語的并列)
【Key structures】
第2類條件句（虛擬條件句）
第1類條件句，談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情，并且考慮其將來的真實結(jié)果。主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時。
If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你幫我, 我會感激你 (正常語氣)
If it rains, I will not go. 正常語氣(不一定會去)
第2類條件句，if從句談?wù)撓胂蟮那闆r（假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在事實相反），主句則推測想象的結(jié)果。從句使用一般過去時, 主句使用would+動詞原形。盡管第2類條件句使用過去時，卻并非指過去的時間，所以，if之后的過去時用法常被稱為“非真實的過去”，整個條件句也被稱作非真實條件句。
If you helped me,I would be grateful.
如果你幫了我, 我會感激你(可惜你沒有幫我, 我不會感激你)
If it rained,it would not be hot. 如果下雨, 就不會這么熱
If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble.
假如你能使他改變主意, 你會使他免了許多麻煩.
如果if從句中的動詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞之后用were。If I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議。
If I were you, I’d accept their offer.
If I were in your position, I would act differently.
假如我處于你的位置, 我會采取不同的作法.
第2類條件句有時也可代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情，但比第1類條件句較為“無把握”。
If you went by train, you would get there earlier.
If you go by train, you will get there earlier.
第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情。
If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.
【Special Difficulties】
Make的用法
及物動詞make的原義為“制造”，但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，常見的為make+（冠詞）+名詞形式： make progress（取得進步）；make the bed（鋪床）；make conversation（找話題）；make a noise（吵鬧）；make a promise（保證）；make trouble（搗蛋，制造麻煩）； make money（掙錢）； make a speech（演講）；make a mistake（犯錯誤）；make up one's mind（下定決心，拿定主意） Do的用法
完全動詞do也有一些固定短語：
do one's best（盡大努力）；do one's homework（做作業(yè)）；do sb. a favour（幫忙）；do a job（干家務(wù)）；do work（做家務(wù)）；do exercise（做練習(xí)）；do business（做生意）
do還可以與動名詞連用：do some shopping（買東西，購物）；do swimming（游泳）；do some reading （讀書）
【Multiple choice questions】
4 She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.‘___c___next to her,’she said.
a. Please to sit b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting
ask sb. to do sth. 祈使句, 以動詞原形為標志
5 I took my seat beside her. I___a___ beside her.
a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating
seat一定要加賓語, 如果后面沒賓語, 就用seat的被動語態(tài)(及物動詞) : seat yourself / be seated是及物動詞，sit是不及物動詞, 沒有被動語態(tài), 后面不能加賓語，坐下：sit down
9 Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ___b___it.
a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to
stuck to 粘在……上面
glance at 掃了一眼 (glance [^lB:ns; (?@) ^lAns])
I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up.
stare at = fix one's eyes on 盯著看 (stare [steE(r)])
look at 從頭來看
see 看見
watch vt. 觀看(看活動的)
watch TV / watch sb. doing
notice 強調(diào)的是眼睛的注意, 看一些別人不太注意的事情
glimpse of / have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼
catch sight of= see 看見
I can catch sight of the bird.
be in sight 看見
read v. 閱讀(看與文字有關(guān)的東西)
read loudly, read aloud 大聲朗讀, 漢語中的讀
go through 瀏覽
12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it ___d___?
a. enjoying you b. amusing you
c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure
enjoy sth. 表示在后者當(dāng)中得到了一種享受
enjoy 主語是人 enjoy oneself
sth. amuse 好笑
entertain sb. 娛樂
amuse,entertain后面會加人
entertainment [entE5teinmEnt] n. 款待, 娛樂, 娛樂表演
【New words and expressions】（6）
hostess n. 女主人
unsmiling adj. 不笑的，嚴肅的
tight adj. 緊身的
fix v. 凝視
globe n. 地球
despair n. 絕望
★hostess n. 女主人
host n. 男主人；v. 作為主人, 主辦
actor n. 男演員； actress n. 女演員
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的
unsmiling adj. 不笑的（un+smiling, 但并不一定表示 “嚴肅”）
serious [5siEriEs] adj.嚴肅的, 認真的, 嚴重的
My father is serious. ★tight adj. 緊身的
tight jeans 緊身牛仔褲
The shoes are small/tight. (夾腳, 很緊)
tights [taIts] n. 貼身襯衣, 緊身衣, 女用連褲襪
★fix v. 凝視
① v. 使……固定、安裝
fix the picture on the wall
She fixed a handle on the door.
fix on 使（目光、注意力等）集中于，盯著
fix one's eyes on sth./one's eyes be fixed on sth. 盯著……目不轉(zhuǎn)睛（習(xí)慣用被動）
All the eyes were fixed on the blackboard. 所有的眼睛都盯著黑板
② v. 修理
★globe n. 地球，球狀物, 如地球儀；adj. 全球的
global problem 全球性的問題
earth n. 地球
global “閣樓寶”，一種滅蟑螂的藥名
★despair n. 絕望
despair [dis5pZE] n. 絕望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)；vi.絕望
in despair 絕望的
sb./sth. is the despair of… ……讓……感到絕望
The boy is the despair of his parents. 那男孩的父母對他感到絕望了。
This boy is his mother's despair. 這個男孩使他媽絕望了。
The examination was the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.
我對考試已經(jīng)絕望了。
disappoint [7disE5pCint] vt. 使失望
【Text】
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’ 參考譯文
在上星期的宴會上, 女主人安排我坐在蘭伯爾德夫人的身旁. 蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴肅的女人, 穿一件緊身的黑衣服. 當(dāng)我在她身旁坐下來的時候, 她甚至連頭都沒有抬一下. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子, 不一會兒就忙著吃起來了. 我試圖找個話題和她聊聊.
“一出新劇要來‘環(huán)球劇場’上演了, “我說, “您去看嗎?”
“不, “她回答. “您今年去國外度假嗎?” 我又問.
“不, “她回答.
“您就呆在英國嗎?” 我問.
“不, “她回答.
失望之中我問她飯是否吃得滿意.
“年輕人, “她回答說, “如果你多吃點, 少說點, 我們兩個都會吃得好的!”
【課文講解】
1、Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. dinner為不可數(shù)名詞，“at a dinner party”中的“a”并不修飾“dinner”而是 “party”,have dinner不加“a”
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
next to 與……相鄰，挨著（既可表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著）
sit next to me 坐我旁邊
There’s a field/shop next to our house.
2、Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
unsmiling表示bad mix，很難與人融合。unsmiling的反義詞為smiling（微笑的，喜氣洋洋的）。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來表示相反的意義：comfortable（舒服的）/ uncomfortable（不舒服的），true（真實的）/untrue（不真實的），interesting（有趣的）/ uninteresting（無趣味的，乏味的）。 in在這里表示“穿著、戴著”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
（inquiring for sb. 要找（某人），求見某人）
3、She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.
take a seat 坐下，比sit要正式
Please take a seat.
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排好
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner/party began. 4、Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.
busy +doing sth. 忙著做某事（doing前可以加in，也可以不加）
We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance.
5、'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
The new film is coming to the cinema. / A new play will be on at ‘The Globe’.
即將上映
The film will be on. 那部電影即將要上映
6、'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’
在并列句中，相同的句子成分（如主語、謂語、狀語等）通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示，并且它們的長度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。
You can either go out or stay here.
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想買的東西很多，但他的錢很少。
【Composition】
1 She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)
1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.
=She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either.
but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ； but…either只能加否定
as well, either 在此句中可省略
2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介詞短語的并列)
【Key structures】
第2類條件句（虛擬條件句）
第1類條件句，談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情，并且考慮其將來的真實結(jié)果。主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時。
If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你幫我, 我會感激你 (正常語氣)
If it rains, I will not go. 正常語氣(不一定會去)
第2類條件句，if從句談?wù)撓胂蟮那闆r（假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在事實相反），主句則推測想象的結(jié)果。從句使用一般過去時, 主句使用would+動詞原形。盡管第2類條件句使用過去時，卻并非指過去的時間，所以，if之后的過去時用法常被稱為“非真實的過去”，整個條件句也被稱作非真實條件句。
If you helped me,I would be grateful.
如果你幫了我, 我會感激你(可惜你沒有幫我, 我不會感激你)
If it rained,it would not be hot. 如果下雨, 就不會這么熱
If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble.
假如你能使他改變主意, 你會使他免了許多麻煩.
如果if從句中的動詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞之后用were。If I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議。
If I were you, I’d accept their offer.
If I were in your position, I would act differently.
假如我處于你的位置, 我會采取不同的作法.
第2類條件句有時也可代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情，但比第1類條件句較為“無把握”。
If you went by train, you would get there earlier.
If you go by train, you will get there earlier.
第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情。
If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.
【Special Difficulties】
Make的用法
及物動詞make的原義為“制造”，但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，常見的為make+（冠詞）+名詞形式： make progress（取得進步）；make the bed（鋪床）；make conversation（找話題）；make a noise（吵鬧）；make a promise（保證）；make trouble（搗蛋，制造麻煩）； make money（掙錢）； make a speech（演講）；make a mistake（犯錯誤）；make up one's mind（下定決心，拿定主意） Do的用法
完全動詞do也有一些固定短語：
do one's best（盡大努力）；do one's homework（做作業(yè)）；do sb. a favour（幫忙）；do a job（干家務(wù)）；do work（做家務(wù)）；do exercise（做練習(xí)）；do business（做生意）
do還可以與動名詞連用：do some shopping（買東西，購物）；do swimming（游泳）；do some reading （讀書）
【Multiple choice questions】
4 She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.‘___c___next to her,’she said.
a. Please to sit b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting
ask sb. to do sth. 祈使句, 以動詞原形為標志
5 I took my seat beside her. I___a___ beside her.
a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating
seat一定要加賓語, 如果后面沒賓語, 就用seat的被動語態(tài)(及物動詞) : seat yourself / be seated是及物動詞，sit是不及物動詞, 沒有被動語態(tài), 后面不能加賓語，坐下：sit down
9 Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ___b___it.
a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to
stuck to 粘在……上面
glance at 掃了一眼 (glance [^lB:ns; (?@) ^lAns])
I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up.
stare at = fix one's eyes on 盯著看 (stare [steE(r)])
look at 從頭來看
see 看見
watch vt. 觀看(看活動的)
watch TV / watch sb. doing
notice 強調(diào)的是眼睛的注意, 看一些別人不太注意的事情
glimpse of / have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼
catch sight of= see 看見
I can catch sight of the bird.
be in sight 看見
read v. 閱讀(看與文字有關(guān)的東西)
read loudly, read aloud 大聲朗讀, 漢語中的讀
go through 瀏覽
12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it ___d___?
a. enjoying you b. amusing you
c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure
enjoy sth. 表示在后者當(dāng)中得到了一種享受
enjoy 主語是人 enjoy oneself
sth. amuse 好笑
entertain sb. 娛樂
amuse,entertain后面會加人
entertainment [entE5teinmEnt] n. 款待, 娛樂, 娛樂表演