單項(xiàng)選擇題
1、閱讀材料，回答題：
Fermi Problem
On a Monday morning in July, the world's first atom bomb exploded in New Mexico desert.Forty seconds later, the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicistEnrico Fermi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team thatthe bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not sur-prised. Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a NobelPrize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear
age. Since Fermi's death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist( 實(shí)驗(yàn)室) and a leading theoretician(理論學(xué)家).
Like all virtuosos( 大師), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct routeto an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talentwe all can use in our daily lives.
To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known asa Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven't the remotest notion of the answer,and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem isbroken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of experts or books, you can comeclose to the exact solution.
Suppose you want to determine earth's circumference without looking it up. Everyone knowsthat New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference betweenthem is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planetto complete one rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)) , so its circumference must be eight times 3,000 or 24,000 mi-les. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902.45 miles, by less than four percent.
Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewardsof making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn't matter whether the discovery is asimportant as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between NewYork and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it, deprives you of thepleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up
self-confidence. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit thatenriches your life.
Fermi's team was impressed by Fermi's announcement in the base camp because he couldeven work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
2、 We have ample money for the journey.
A．some
B．little
C．enough
D．extra
3、回答題：
Exercising Your Memory
1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by let-ting your mind go.
2 That's not to say that memory doesn't change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for in-stance) , long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).
3 Short-term memory isn't mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. It's not until the early teens (十幾歲) that most people develop a mature long-term memory.
4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生銹) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities ( at least long-term enough to get them through, a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It's no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.
5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually activE．reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking and those who do not. Giving the brain daily workout (鍛煉) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.
6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (記憶力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.
7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people.
research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all. which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.
Paragraph 3 __________.
A．Importance of staying intellectually active
B．Effects of aging on a person's recall ability
C．Short-term memory versus long-term memory
D．Retention as the second necessity for memory
E．Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills
F．Significance of exercising your muscles
4、 Virtually all the children come to school by bus.
A．Actually
B．Really
C．Certainly
D．Almost
5、 While we don't agree,we continue to be friends.
A．Whoever
B．Where．
C．Although
D．criticized
6、回答題。
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic( 身體動(dòng)覺的 ),and naturalistic.
What is the main idea of this passage ?
A．The importance of intelligence.
B．The development of intelligence tests.
C．How to understand intelligence.
D．How to become intelligent.
7、 Initial reports were that multiple waves of warplanes bombed central Baghdad, hitting oil refineries and the airport.
A．heating
B．knocking
C．hurting
D．striking
8、 Without question, people's lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.
A．Out of the question
B．No doubt
C．Naturally
D．Obviously
9、回答題。
Coming Soon to a Theater Near YouI
What are special effects? Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects?
Dinosaurs(恐龍)from the distant past! Space battles from the distant future! There has been a revolution in special effects，and it has transformed the movies we see．
The revolution began in the mid．1970s with George Lucas’s Star Wars，a film that stunned(使震驚)audiences．That revolution continues to the present，with dramatic changes in special-effects technology．The company behind these changes is Lucas’s Industrial Light＆Magic(ILM)．And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren，who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars．
Muren’s interest in special effects began very early．At the age of 6，he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships．At 10，he had an 8-millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion．(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera，moved slightly，shot again，and so on．When the shots are put together，the object appear to move．)
Talk to Muren and you’ll understand what ILM is all about：taking on new challenges．By 1989，Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go．
He saw computer graphics(圖像)(CG)technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it．
With CG technology，images can be scanned into a computer for processin9，for example，and many separate shots can be combined into a single image．CG technology has now reached the point，Muren says，where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before．The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel(續(xù)集)，The Lost Word，the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs，suggests that this may very well be true．
The special-effects revolution began in the mid-1980s with Star Wars．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
10、 Arriving anywhere with these possessions，he might just as easily put up for a month or a year as for a single day．
A．a(chǎn)rrange
B．manage
C．last
D．stay
1、閱讀材料，回答題：
Fermi Problem
On a Monday morning in July, the world's first atom bomb exploded in New Mexico desert.Forty seconds later, the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicistEnrico Fermi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team thatthe bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not sur-prised. Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a NobelPrize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear
age. Since Fermi's death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist( 實(shí)驗(yàn)室) and a leading theoretician(理論學(xué)家).
Like all virtuosos( 大師), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct routeto an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talentwe all can use in our daily lives.
To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known asa Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven't the remotest notion of the answer,and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem isbroken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of experts or books, you can comeclose to the exact solution.
Suppose you want to determine earth's circumference without looking it up. Everyone knowsthat New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference betweenthem is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planetto complete one rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)) , so its circumference must be eight times 3,000 or 24,000 mi-les. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902.45 miles, by less than four percent.
Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewardsof making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn't matter whether the discovery is asimportant as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between NewYork and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it, deprives you of thepleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up
self-confidence. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit thatenriches your life.
Fermi's team was impressed by Fermi's announcement in the base camp because he couldeven work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
2、 We have ample money for the journey.
A．some
B．little
C．enough
D．extra
3、回答題：
Exercising Your Memory
1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by let-ting your mind go.
2 That's not to say that memory doesn't change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for in-stance) , long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).
3 Short-term memory isn't mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. It's not until the early teens (十幾歲) that most people develop a mature long-term memory.
4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生銹) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities ( at least long-term enough to get them through, a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It's no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.
5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually activE．reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking and those who do not. Giving the brain daily workout (鍛煉) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.
6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (記憶力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.
7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people.
research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all. which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.
Paragraph 3 __________.
A．Importance of staying intellectually active
B．Effects of aging on a person's recall ability
C．Short-term memory versus long-term memory
D．Retention as the second necessity for memory
E．Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills
F．Significance of exercising your muscles
4、 Virtually all the children come to school by bus.
A．Actually
B．Really
C．Certainly
D．Almost
5、 While we don't agree,we continue to be friends.
A．Whoever
B．Where．
C．Although
D．criticized
6、回答題。
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic( 身體動(dòng)覺的 ),and naturalistic.
What is the main idea of this passage ?
A．The importance of intelligence.
B．The development of intelligence tests.
C．How to understand intelligence.
D．How to become intelligent.
7、 Initial reports were that multiple waves of warplanes bombed central Baghdad, hitting oil refineries and the airport.
A．heating
B．knocking
C．hurting
D．striking
8、 Without question, people's lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.
A．Out of the question
B．No doubt
C．Naturally
D．Obviously
9、回答題。
Coming Soon to a Theater Near YouI
What are special effects? Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects?
Dinosaurs(恐龍)from the distant past! Space battles from the distant future! There has been a revolution in special effects，and it has transformed the movies we see．
The revolution began in the mid．1970s with George Lucas’s Star Wars，a film that stunned(使震驚)audiences．That revolution continues to the present，with dramatic changes in special-effects technology．The company behind these changes is Lucas’s Industrial Light＆Magic(ILM)．And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren，who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars．
Muren’s interest in special effects began very early．At the age of 6，he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships．At 10，he had an 8-millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion．(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera，moved slightly，shot again，and so on．When the shots are put together，the object appear to move．)
Talk to Muren and you’ll understand what ILM is all about：taking on new challenges．By 1989，Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go．
He saw computer graphics(圖像)(CG)technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it．
With CG technology，images can be scanned into a computer for processin9，for example，and many separate shots can be combined into a single image．CG technology has now reached the point，Muren says，where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before．The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel(續(xù)集)，The Lost Word，the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs，suggests that this may very well be true．
The special-effects revolution began in the mid-1980s with Star Wars．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
10、 Arriving anywhere with these possessions，he might just as easily put up for a month or a year as for a single day．
A．a(chǎn)rrange
B．manage
C．last
D．stay