新概念第一冊自學導讀 Lessons5-6

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.Good morning.早上好。
    英語中常見的問候用句。對此問候的回應一般也是Good morning。根據一天中見面時間的不同還可以說Good afternoon (下午好)和 Good evening(晚上好)。有時英美人見面時只簡單地說一聲Hello。
    2.This is Miss Sophie Dupont.這位是索菲婭·杜邦小姐。
    This is 姓名是將某人介紹給他人時常用的句式。課文中的例子還有:
    Sophie, this is Hans.
    索菲婭,這位是漢斯。
    And this is Naoko.
    這位是直子。
    3.Mr. Blake/Miss Sophie Dupont,布萊克先生/索菲婭·杜邦
    小姐。
    英語國家中人的姓名通常由3部分組成,即:名 中間名 姓。
    在一般情況下,不用中間名。在熟悉的人中間,以名相稱,而在正式的場合中常用 Mr.(先生),Mrs.(太太),Miss(小姐)或Ms.(女士)這些稱呼再加上姓。
    Mr.用于男士的姓之前,不能單獨使用,如課文中的 Mr.Blake;而sir 一般單獨使用,是對長者、上司或男顧客的尊稱,如:
    Sorry, sir.
    對不起,先生。
    Miss 一般用于指未婚女子,不過有時在不知道對方是否已婚時也可使用。
    4.Nice to meet you.很高興見到你。
    用于初次與他人見面等非正式場合。對方的回應一般應為Nice to meet you,too(我也很高興見到你)。
    人們在正式的場合初次見面時常用:How do you do?相應的回答也是:How do you do?這是一句問候語,并非問話。
    5.國籍與國家名稱有別
    請不要將國家名稱和與其對應的國籍搞混。課文的 French,German,Japanese,Korean以及Chinese都是表示國籍的詞。句中表示中國國籍的詞應為 Chinese 而不是 China。
    語法 Grammar in use
    1.特殊疑問句
    以疑問詞 who,what,when,which,why,where,whose,how 等引導的問句都叫特殊疑問句,也叫疑問詞疑問句,有時還被稱為 wh-問句(wh-question)。結構一般為:疑問詞 助動詞 主語 主動詞等。作為疑問詞的what可以用來詢問名字、國籍、工作、顏色、型號等。例如以下幾個問句:
    What make is this car?
    這輛小汽車是什么牌子的?
    What nationality are you?
    你是哪國人?
    What is your job?
    你的工作是干什么?
    What colour is it?
    它是什么顏色的?
    What size is this skirt?
    這條裙子是多大號的?
    2.a 和 an
    Sophie is a new student.
    索菲婭是一名新學生。
    This is an umbrella.
    這是一把雨傘。
    這兩個句子中出現的a/an在英語中被稱為不定冠詞。a和an在意義上沒有區(qū)別。用a/an時,我們必須記住兩條基本原則:
    (1)a/an有不確定的意義(即所說的人、動物或東西對聽者或讀者來說可能是不知道的)。
    (2)a/an只能用于單數可數名詞之前。
    此外還需注意a和an的發(fā)音:a(在平時講話中發(fā)/ /音)用于輔音(不是輔音字母)之前;an(/ (/)用于元音(不僅僅是以元音字母a,e,i,o,u開頭的詞)之前。當我們把a或an用來說明字母表中的字母時,便會一目了然:
    This is a B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/R/T/U/V/W/Y/Z.
    這是一個 B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/R/T/U/V/W/Y/Z字母。
    This is an A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X.
    這是一個A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X字母。詞匯學習 Word study
    1.make n.
    (產品的)牌子;類型,型號;式樣:
    What make is your watch?
    你的手表是什么牌子的?
    Her dress is of Italian make.
    她的連衣裙是意大利式的。
    2.English adj.
    英國(人)的;英格蘭(人)的;英國化的:
    Is it an American car or an English car?
    它是美國車還是英國車?
    John is very English.
    約翰生活行事非常英國化。
    練習答案 Key to written exercises
    Lesson 6
    A
    Alice is a student. She isn't German. She is French.
    This is her car. It is a French car.
    Hans is a student. He isn't French.
    He is German. This is his car. It is a German car.
    B
    1 Is she a German student or a Japanese student?
    She isn't a German student. She's a Japanese student.
    2 Is this a German car or a French car?
    It isn't a German car. It's a French car.
    3 Is he an Italian student or a German student?
    He isn't an Italian student. He's a German student.
    4 Is she an Italian student or a Chinese student?
    She isn't an Italian student. She is a Chinese student.
    5 Is this an American car or an English car?
    It isn't an American car. It's an English car.
    6 Is he a Japanese student or a Korean student?
    He isn't a Japanese student. He's a Korean student.
    7 Is this an English car or an Italian car?
    It isn't an English car. It's an Italian car.
    8 Is he an English student or a Chinese student?
    He isn't an English student. He's a Chinese student.
    9 Is this a French car or a German car?
    It isn't a French car. It's a German car.
    10 Is this a Chinese car or a Japanese car?
    It isn't a Chinese car. It's a Japanese car.
    11 Is this an English car or an American car?
    It isn't an English car. It's an American car.
    12 Is this a Japanese car or a Korean car?
    It isn't a Japanese car. It's a Korean car.