★以下是英文寫作翻譯頻道為大家整理的《初中英語語法-定語從句的七個錯誤點(diǎn)》，供大家參考。更多內(nèi)容請看本站寫作翻譯頻道。
一、混淆定語從句與并列句
請看下面兩題：
(1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
(2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
【分析】第(1)題選A，第(2)題選C。由于第(1)題中用了并列連詞and，從而使整個句子為并列句，and后應(yīng)是一個獨(dú)立的簡單句，所以選A不選C;第(2)題沒有并列連詞and，both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。
二、混淆定語從句與表語(從句)
請看下面的試題：
(1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.
A. where B. there C. there where D. the place where
【分析】答案選A，where引導(dǎo)的是表語從句(=在…的地方)，而不是定語從句。
(2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?
A. where B. what C. that D. the one
【分析】答案選D，this school為句子主語，the one 為表語，your father worked in…為定語從句。不要誤認(rèn)為this是句子主語，否則school前應(yīng)加冠詞the。比較：
Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?
A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選C)
Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?
A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選A)
三、混淆定語從句與狀語從句
請看下面的試題：
(1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【分析】答案是B而不是A，when的意思是“當(dāng)…的時候”，引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞，不宜用作先行詞)
(2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.
A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as
【分析】答案應(yīng)選B，而不是A。such … that …(如此…以致…)用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中的that不充當(dāng)句子成分，而such…as…中的as為關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句并在定語從句充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as，是因為它用作動詞like賓語。
四、誤加與關(guān)系代詞同義的人稱代詞
誤：He is a man everyone respects him.
正：He is a man everyone respects. 他是一個人人都敬重的人。
五、混淆關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
有的同學(xué)一看到先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞，就認(rèn)為一定要用關(guān)系副詞，其實也一定。在此情況下，還要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是用作什么成分，若是用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞，若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關(guān)系副詞，而用關(guān)系代詞。比較：
This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動詞where在從句中用作狀語)
This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想?yún)⒂^的工廠。(visit為及物動詞，that用作visit的賓語)
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因為他病了。(come為不及物動詞，why在定語從句中用作狀語)
The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動詞，that在定語從句中用作其賓語)
六、因逗號誤判which
有的同學(xué)一看見逗號，就以為一定要選which而不選that，但問題是有時根本就不是定語從句：
(1) If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(2) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. (D19/541)
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【分析】以上兩題均應(yīng)選that，而不能選which，因為它們根本不是定語從句。之所以選that，是因為句中已有if和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，逗號后為主句，that為主句主語。
七、混淆which與whose
兩者在定語從句中都可用作定語，區(qū)別是：whose 的意思相當(dāng)于 one’s，而 which 的意思則相當(dāng)于 that 或 this。比較：
(1) This is Mary, whose [= and her] father we met last week.
(2) Call again at 11, by which time [= and by that time] the meeting should be over.
一、混淆定語從句與并列句
請看下面兩題：
(1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
(2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
【分析】第(1)題選A，第(2)題選C。由于第(1)題中用了并列連詞and，從而使整個句子為并列句，and后應(yīng)是一個獨(dú)立的簡單句，所以選A不選C;第(2)題沒有并列連詞and，both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。
二、混淆定語從句與表語(從句)
請看下面的試題：
(1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.
A. where B. there C. there where D. the place where
【分析】答案選A，where引導(dǎo)的是表語從句(=在…的地方)，而不是定語從句。
(2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?
A. where B. what C. that D. the one
【分析】答案選D，this school為句子主語，the one 為表語，your father worked in…為定語從句。不要誤認(rèn)為this是句子主語，否則school前應(yīng)加冠詞the。比較：
Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?
A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選C)
Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?
A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選A)
三、混淆定語從句與狀語從句
請看下面的試題：
(1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【分析】答案是B而不是A，when的意思是“當(dāng)…的時候”，引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞，不宜用作先行詞)
(2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.
A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as
【分析】答案應(yīng)選B，而不是A。such … that …(如此…以致…)用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中的that不充當(dāng)句子成分，而such…as…中的as為關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句并在定語從句充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as，是因為它用作動詞like賓語。
四、誤加與關(guān)系代詞同義的人稱代詞
誤：He is a man everyone respects him.
正：He is a man everyone respects. 他是一個人人都敬重的人。
五、混淆關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
有的同學(xué)一看到先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞，就認(rèn)為一定要用關(guān)系副詞，其實也一定。在此情況下，還要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是用作什么成分，若是用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞，若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關(guān)系副詞，而用關(guān)系代詞。比較：
This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動詞where在從句中用作狀語)
This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想?yún)⒂^的工廠。(visit為及物動詞，that用作visit的賓語)
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因為他病了。(come為不及物動詞，why在定語從句中用作狀語)
The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動詞，that在定語從句中用作其賓語)
六、因逗號誤判which
有的同學(xué)一看見逗號，就以為一定要選which而不選that，但問題是有時根本就不是定語從句：
(1) If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(2) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. (D19/541)
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【分析】以上兩題均應(yīng)選that，而不能選which，因為它們根本不是定語從句。之所以選that，是因為句中已有if和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，逗號后為主句，that為主句主語。
七、混淆which與whose
兩者在定語從句中都可用作定語，區(qū)別是：whose 的意思相當(dāng)于 one’s，而 which 的意思則相當(dāng)于 that 或 this。比較：
(1) This is Mary, whose [= and her] father we met last week.
(2) Call again at 11, by which time [= and by that time] the meeting should be over.