新概念頻道為大家整理的新概念課程講解第四冊(cè)Lesson19，供大家參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站 新概念英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)頻道。
Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams話(huà)說(shuō)夢(mèng)的本質(zhì)
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye-movements during sleep?
It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.
If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming【參考譯文】
很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息?！靶菹ⅰ保瑥氖辜∪獾玫椒潘傻确矫鎭?lái)看，只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能達(dá)到。人體組織在一定程度上有自我修補(bǔ)和自我恢復(fù)的能力，有張有弛地連續(xù)活動(dòng)時(shí)，其功能佳。事實(shí)上，睡眠狀態(tài)下仍有著基本的活動(dòng)量，以防止肌肉活動(dòng)停止。
如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身體得到休息，那么也許是讓大腦得以休息？若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。第一點(diǎn)，腦電圖記錄儀（不過(guò)是一種把電極接到頭皮上記錄腦電活動(dòng)的儀器）顯示，人在睡眠時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的方式有變化，但沒(méi)有跡象表明，其活動(dòng)總量有任何減少。第二點(diǎn)更有意思，也更重要。前些年，美國(guó)一位精神病學(xué)者發(fā)表了一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告中記錄了眼球在睡眠時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況。他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不時(shí)伴有一陣陣奇怪的眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)有的飄忽而緩慢，有的急劇而快速。在眼球活動(dòng)期間被叫醒的人都說(shuō)自己在做夢(mèng)；在其他期間叫醒他們，則說(shuō)沒(méi)有做夢(mèng)。如果有兩組人，一組人連續(xù)幾夜在眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒；另一組人也是連續(xù)幾夜被叫醒，但是在眼球沒(méi)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒的。結(jié)果，第一組人開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)性格失常，而第二組人似乎沒(méi)受什么影響。這一切暗示我們：睡眠受到干憂(yōu)沒(méi)關(guān)系，而做夢(mèng)受到干憂(yōu)是有問(wèn)題的。1.speculation n.推測(cè)
Speculation was rife as to whom the prince might marry.
大家都在推測(cè)王子會(huì)娶誰(shuí)。
2.literally adv.確實(shí)
She was literally blue with cold.
她真的冷得全身青紫。
3.odd adj.奇特的
4.tissue n.組織
5.plausible adj.似乎有理的
His story sounded plausible.
他說(shuō)的那番話(huà)似乎是真實(shí)的。
6.hypothesis n.假說(shuō)
7.electroencephalograph n.腦電圖儀
8.electrode n.電極
9.scalp n.頭皮
10.psychiatrist n.精神病學(xué)家
11.punctuate v.不時(shí)介入
The audience punctuated his speech by outbursts of applause.
聽(tīng)眾不時(shí)以陣陣掌聲打斷他的講話(huà)。
12.jerky adj.急動(dòng)的
13.disorder n.失調(diào)
14.implication n.表明
He seemed by implication to acknowledge that fact.
他似乎含蓄地承認(rèn)了那事實(shí)。1.It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.
參考翻譯：很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。
講解：It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。
there is so much of it the function would這里省略了that，是典型的so that結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
fairly是相當(dāng)，非常的意思，做副詞修飾clear。
2.Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one old finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.
參考翻譯：人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息。
講解：have been going是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。and one old finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.這句話(huà)有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，其實(shí)它的主干非常簡(jiǎn)單，one old finds is……that makes the problem puzzling是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾finding。 that it looks very much是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。
in terms of根據(jù),按照,用...的話(huà),在...方面
He referred to your work in terms of high praise.
他對(duì)你的工作大加贊揚(yáng)。
He thought of everything in terms of money.
他是從錢(qián)的角度來(lái)看每一件事。
3.The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.
參考翻譯：人體組織在一定程度上有自我修補(bǔ)和自我恢復(fù)的能力，有張有弛地連續(xù)活動(dòng)時(shí)，其功能佳。
講解：more or less或多或少,大體上,基本上
His explanation was more or less helpful.
他的解釋多少有些幫助。
It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.
粉刷天花板用了將近一整天的時(shí)間。
4.This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.
參考翻譯：若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。
講解：were it not for如果不是。
通常情況下遇到這個(gè)詞組時(shí)會(huì)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
5.The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.
參考翻譯：這一切暗示我們：睡眠受到干憂(yōu)沒(méi)關(guān)系，而做夢(mèng)受到干憂(yōu)是有問(wèn)題的。
講解：not but不是而是
It was not the picture but the signiture on it that made him interested.
是畫(huà)上的簽名而不是畫(huà)本身讓他感興趣的。1.It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function,and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.
很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。
2.Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years,and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.
人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息。
3.This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.
若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。
4.Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.
前些年，美國(guó)一位精神病學(xué)者發(fā)表了一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告中記錄了眼球在睡眠時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況。
5.People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.When woken at other times they reported no dreams.
在眼球活動(dòng)期間被叫醒的人都說(shuō)自己在做夢(mèng)；在其他期間叫醒他們，則說(shuō)沒(méi)有做夢(mèng)
Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams話(huà)說(shuō)夢(mèng)的本質(zhì)
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye-movements during sleep?
It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.
If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming【參考譯文】
很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息?！靶菹ⅰ保瑥氖辜∪獾玫椒潘傻确矫鎭?lái)看，只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能達(dá)到。人體組織在一定程度上有自我修補(bǔ)和自我恢復(fù)的能力，有張有弛地連續(xù)活動(dòng)時(shí)，其功能佳。事實(shí)上，睡眠狀態(tài)下仍有著基本的活動(dòng)量，以防止肌肉活動(dòng)停止。
如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身體得到休息，那么也許是讓大腦得以休息？若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。第一點(diǎn)，腦電圖記錄儀（不過(guò)是一種把電極接到頭皮上記錄腦電活動(dòng)的儀器）顯示，人在睡眠時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的方式有變化，但沒(méi)有跡象表明，其活動(dòng)總量有任何減少。第二點(diǎn)更有意思，也更重要。前些年，美國(guó)一位精神病學(xué)者發(fā)表了一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告中記錄了眼球在睡眠時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況。他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不時(shí)伴有一陣陣奇怪的眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)有的飄忽而緩慢，有的急劇而快速。在眼球活動(dòng)期間被叫醒的人都說(shuō)自己在做夢(mèng)；在其他期間叫醒他們，則說(shuō)沒(méi)有做夢(mèng)。如果有兩組人，一組人連續(xù)幾夜在眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒；另一組人也是連續(xù)幾夜被叫醒，但是在眼球沒(méi)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒的。結(jié)果，第一組人開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)性格失常，而第二組人似乎沒(méi)受什么影響。這一切暗示我們：睡眠受到干憂(yōu)沒(méi)關(guān)系，而做夢(mèng)受到干憂(yōu)是有問(wèn)題的。1.speculation n.推測(cè)
Speculation was rife as to whom the prince might marry.
大家都在推測(cè)王子會(huì)娶誰(shuí)。
2.literally adv.確實(shí)
She was literally blue with cold.
她真的冷得全身青紫。
3.odd adj.奇特的
4.tissue n.組織
5.plausible adj.似乎有理的
His story sounded plausible.
他說(shuō)的那番話(huà)似乎是真實(shí)的。
6.hypothesis n.假說(shuō)
7.electroencephalograph n.腦電圖儀
8.electrode n.電極
9.scalp n.頭皮
10.psychiatrist n.精神病學(xué)家
11.punctuate v.不時(shí)介入
The audience punctuated his speech by outbursts of applause.
聽(tīng)眾不時(shí)以陣陣掌聲打斷他的講話(huà)。
12.jerky adj.急動(dòng)的
13.disorder n.失調(diào)
14.implication n.表明
He seemed by implication to acknowledge that fact.
他似乎含蓄地承認(rèn)了那事實(shí)。1.It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.
參考翻譯：很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。
講解：It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。
there is so much of it the function would這里省略了that，是典型的so that結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
fairly是相當(dāng)，非常的意思，做副詞修飾clear。
2.Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one old finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.
參考翻譯：人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息。
講解：have been going是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。and one old finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.這句話(huà)有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，其實(shí)它的主干非常簡(jiǎn)單，one old finds is……that makes the problem puzzling是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾finding。 that it looks very much是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。
in terms of根據(jù),按照,用...的話(huà),在...方面
He referred to your work in terms of high praise.
他對(duì)你的工作大加贊揚(yáng)。
He thought of everything in terms of money.
他是從錢(qián)的角度來(lái)看每一件事。
3.The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.
參考翻譯：人體組織在一定程度上有自我修補(bǔ)和自我恢復(fù)的能力，有張有弛地連續(xù)活動(dòng)時(shí)，其功能佳。
講解：more or less或多或少,大體上,基本上
His explanation was more or less helpful.
他的解釋多少有些幫助。
It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.
粉刷天花板用了將近一整天的時(shí)間。
4.This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.
參考翻譯：若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。
講解：were it not for如果不是。
通常情況下遇到這個(gè)詞組時(shí)會(huì)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
5.The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.
參考翻譯：這一切暗示我們：睡眠受到干憂(yōu)沒(méi)關(guān)系，而做夢(mèng)受到干憂(yōu)是有問(wèn)題的。
講解：not but不是而是
It was not the picture but the signiture on it that made him interested.
是畫(huà)上的簽名而不是畫(huà)本身讓他感興趣的。1.It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function,and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.
很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。
2.Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years,and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.
人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息。
3.This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.
若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。
4.Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.
前些年，美國(guó)一位精神病學(xué)者發(fā)表了一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告中記錄了眼球在睡眠時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況。
5.People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.When woken at other times they reported no dreams.
在眼球活動(dòng)期間被叫醒的人都說(shuō)自己在做夢(mèng)；在其他期間叫醒他們，則說(shuō)沒(méi)有做夢(mèng)