新概念頻道為大家整理的新概念課程講解第四冊Lesson18 ，供大家參考。更多閱讀請查看本站 新概念英語網(wǎng)頻道。
Lesson18 Porpoises 海豚 First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises? There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over.【參考譯文】 長期以來，海員中流傳著一種迷信的說法，認(rèn)為海豚會把快要淹死的人托到水面，救人性命；或在人們周圍列隊保護(hù)，使他們免遭鯊魚傷害。海洋攝影室的生物學(xué)家指出，無論海豚多么聰明，認(rèn)為它們有救人的動機可能是錯誤的。當(dāng)它們偶爾把一個失去知覺的人推到岸邊時，更大的可能是出于好奇或游戲，就像它們追逐被船首犁開的浪花一樣。1928年，有人拍攝到了海豚像海貍一樣把浸透水的床墊推上岸的情景。正如報道中所說，如果海豚保護(hù)人不受鯊魚侵害，那么它們可能是出于好奇；而鯊魚可能是聞到了可以美食一頓的香味。海豚和鯊魚是天然仇敵，雙方可能隨之發(fā)生搏斗，搏斗結(jié)果是海豚趕走或咬死鯊魚。 海豚對凡是活的東西都感興趣，不管是鳥、是魚，還是野獸。它們經(jīng)常追逐海龜，海龜則溫順地忍受著各種侮辱。一只小海豚特別喜歡用鼻子把海龜推到水面，然后像滑水板一樣把海龜從水池的這一邊推到那一邊。幾乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子頂入一只300磅重的海龜?shù)挠矚は旅?，拼命地把它翻過來。這并非易事，可能需要兩只海豚合伙干才行。在另一場游戲中，當(dāng)海龜游過水族館時，第一只海豚從上方猛撲下去，用腹部撞擊龜殼。這一下子把海龜撞下去好幾英尺。海龜剛恢復(fù)平衡，第二只海豚又沖過來猛擊一下。這只海龜終被撞到池底。此時的海龜，只要能站起來就滿足了，但它剛站起來，就被一只海豚擊倒。海龜終于屈服了，將4條腿縮進(jìn)殼內(nèi)。游戲到此結(jié)束。1.porpoise n.海豚
2.mariner n.水手
3.shark n.鯊魚
4.formation n.隊形
5.dolphin n.海豚科動物
6.unconscious adj.不省人事 例句：He knelt down beside the unconsicious girl. 他跪在那個失去知覺的女孩身邊。
7.beaver n.海貍
8.ashore adv.上岸
9.waterlogged adj.浸滿水的 例句：The ground was waterlogged. 地面給水浸透了。 10.scent n.香味
11.ensue v.接著發(fā)生 例句：A warm debate ensued. 接著是一場熱烈的辯論。
12.intrigue v.引起興趣 例句：Fairy tales can intrigue most children. 神話故事能引起大多數(shù)孩子的興趣。
13.indignity n.侮辱 例句：The bandits subject us to all sort of indignity. 強盜們對我們加以各種侮辱。
14.snout n.口鼻部
15.shove v.硬推 例句：Help me shove this furniture aside. 幫我把這家具推到一邊去。
16.aquaplane n.駕浪滑水板
17.oceanarium n.水族館
18.swoop v.猛撲
19.belly n.腹部
20.equilibrium n.平衡 例句：He can't maintain enough equilibrium to ride a bike. 他騎自行車不能保持平衡。
21.butt v.碰撞
22.crack n.重?fù)?例句：I got a nasty crack on the head when I went through that low door. 我走過那扇矮門時, 把頭給撞了一下。1.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. There has long been，也就是說there has been……since long long ago。superstition是迷信的意思，例如：Superstition is still running rife in the country in China.在中國鄉(xiāng)村迷信仍很盛行。protect from 保護(hù)……免于……The greenhouse protects vegetable from cold.溫室保護(hù)蔬菜免受凍害。 2.Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. point out指出,指明 I pointed out the problems of the government. 我指出政府的問題。 however在這里相當(dāng)于no matter how.不過兩者之間存在差別。 However和no matter how同義，都表示“無論如何”的意思，又都引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但它們的修辭意味和使用場合有所不同。 However是比較正式的用語，大都用于書面語，口語中較少使用；no matter how則比較口語化，它的語勢比however重，故常用在強調(diào)的場合。 請看下面的例句： The task must be done，however arduous it may be． 無論多么艱難，這個任務(wù)一定要完成。 （試比較一般句：The task must be done though it is arduous．） I'll take your words，no matter how harsh they may be． 無論語氣多么難聽，我還是聽你的話的。 （試比較一般句：Although your words are harsh，I'll take them．） However有時可表達(dá)“然而”、“可是”之意，出現(xiàn)于句中或句尾。例： They said that it was so；they were mistaken，however． 他們說事情就是如此，可是他們錯了。 與之類似區(qū)別的詞語很多，例如whatever/no matter what、whenever/no matter when、wherever/no matter where、whichever/no matter which、whoever/no matter who。 3.On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. On the occasions when在……條件下 out of curiosity出于好奇心 I believe Wang Lin was just acting out of curiosity. 我覺得王林這樣做只是出于好奇。 4.If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. may have been對過去發(fā)生的事情表示猜測。 5. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. It在這里是形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。with后面通常加過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨狀語。 6.They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. submit to使服從,使受到,服從,忍受,順從 The heroic people will never submit to foreign rule. 英雄的人民決不會屈服于外國的統(tǒng)治。 7.He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. no sooner than一……就，詳見語法部分。 no sooner... than...，hardly ... when和as soon as的區(qū)別 1) no sooner... than... ，"一...就..." ，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,主句用過去完成時,"than"后面的從句用一般過去時.(從這里可以知道,no sooner后面是主句;than后面是從句) 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨來 No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示強調(diào).這時主句要倒裝. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 2）與這個短語類似的還有hardly ... when 意思為:"還沒...就..." (主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時) 例: We had hardly gotten there when it began to rain. 我們還沒到那兒,天就下起雨了. Hardly...when...也常放在句首 例: Hardly had we gotten there when it began to rain. 3）no sooner than 和hardly when以及as soon as這三個短語都有“一……就”、“剛剛……就”的意思，它們的意思非常相近，因此有時可 以互換。例如： “我剛到公共汽車站，汽車就開了?！币痪洌涂梢杂腥缦聨拙渥g法： As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started. 4） 但他們之間也有一些差異，例如，如果從兩件事情的間隔時間來說，as soon as 較長，no sooner...than 居中，hardly...when 間隔時 間短。其它的一些區(qū)別見下面，請大家在運用的時候要留意。 a、as soon as 它的意思相當(dāng)于“A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事”。 這個短語用的比較常用，口語和書面語都可以。它的特點是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時態(tài)。例如： I'll write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那兒就給你來信。（一般現(xiàn)在時） As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure. 我一進(jìn)門，Katherine 就高興的叫起來。（一般過去時） I'll return the book as soon as I have read it. 我一讀完就把書還回去。（現(xiàn)在完成時） Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee. Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（過去完成時） b、no sooner…than 它的意思相當(dāng)于“剛做完A這件事，就做B這件事”。例如： He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 他一回來就買了一套房子。 如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily. 運動會剛開始，天就下起了大雨。 有一點要注意，no sooner…than 一般用來描述做過的事情，它不能用于表示將來的事。 c、hardly…when... 它的意思是“幾乎未來得及做完A這件事，緊接著就開始B這件事。” 使用這個短語時，一般用于過去完成時；并且when有時可改用before。例如： He had hardly finished the article when the light went out. 他剛要寫完文，燈就熄了。 He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. 他還未安頓下來，就賣掉了那所房子。 另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)即謂語動詞要提前。如： Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我剛吃完他就進(jìn)來了。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她還沒走出家門，就有一個學(xué)生來看望她。
Lesson18 Porpoises 海豚 First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises? There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over.【參考譯文】 長期以來，海員中流傳著一種迷信的說法，認(rèn)為海豚會把快要淹死的人托到水面，救人性命；或在人們周圍列隊保護(hù)，使他們免遭鯊魚傷害。海洋攝影室的生物學(xué)家指出，無論海豚多么聰明，認(rèn)為它們有救人的動機可能是錯誤的。當(dāng)它們偶爾把一個失去知覺的人推到岸邊時，更大的可能是出于好奇或游戲，就像它們追逐被船首犁開的浪花一樣。1928年，有人拍攝到了海豚像海貍一樣把浸透水的床墊推上岸的情景。正如報道中所說，如果海豚保護(hù)人不受鯊魚侵害，那么它們可能是出于好奇；而鯊魚可能是聞到了可以美食一頓的香味。海豚和鯊魚是天然仇敵，雙方可能隨之發(fā)生搏斗，搏斗結(jié)果是海豚趕走或咬死鯊魚。 海豚對凡是活的東西都感興趣，不管是鳥、是魚，還是野獸。它們經(jīng)常追逐海龜，海龜則溫順地忍受著各種侮辱。一只小海豚特別喜歡用鼻子把海龜推到水面，然后像滑水板一樣把海龜從水池的這一邊推到那一邊。幾乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子頂入一只300磅重的海龜?shù)挠矚は旅?，拼命地把它翻過來。這并非易事，可能需要兩只海豚合伙干才行。在另一場游戲中，當(dāng)海龜游過水族館時，第一只海豚從上方猛撲下去，用腹部撞擊龜殼。這一下子把海龜撞下去好幾英尺。海龜剛恢復(fù)平衡，第二只海豚又沖過來猛擊一下。這只海龜終被撞到池底。此時的海龜，只要能站起來就滿足了，但它剛站起來，就被一只海豚擊倒。海龜終于屈服了，將4條腿縮進(jìn)殼內(nèi)。游戲到此結(jié)束。1.porpoise n.海豚
2.mariner n.水手
3.shark n.鯊魚
4.formation n.隊形
5.dolphin n.海豚科動物
6.unconscious adj.不省人事 例句：He knelt down beside the unconsicious girl. 他跪在那個失去知覺的女孩身邊。
7.beaver n.海貍
8.ashore adv.上岸
9.waterlogged adj.浸滿水的 例句：The ground was waterlogged. 地面給水浸透了。 10.scent n.香味
11.ensue v.接著發(fā)生 例句：A warm debate ensued. 接著是一場熱烈的辯論。
12.intrigue v.引起興趣 例句：Fairy tales can intrigue most children. 神話故事能引起大多數(shù)孩子的興趣。
13.indignity n.侮辱 例句：The bandits subject us to all sort of indignity. 強盜們對我們加以各種侮辱。
14.snout n.口鼻部
15.shove v.硬推 例句：Help me shove this furniture aside. 幫我把這家具推到一邊去。
16.aquaplane n.駕浪滑水板
17.oceanarium n.水族館
18.swoop v.猛撲
19.belly n.腹部
20.equilibrium n.平衡 例句：He can't maintain enough equilibrium to ride a bike. 他騎自行車不能保持平衡。
21.butt v.碰撞
22.crack n.重?fù)?例句：I got a nasty crack on the head when I went through that low door. 我走過那扇矮門時, 把頭給撞了一下。1.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. There has long been，也就是說there has been……since long long ago。superstition是迷信的意思，例如：Superstition is still running rife in the country in China.在中國鄉(xiāng)村迷信仍很盛行。protect from 保護(hù)……免于……The greenhouse protects vegetable from cold.溫室保護(hù)蔬菜免受凍害。 2.Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. point out指出,指明 I pointed out the problems of the government. 我指出政府的問題。 however在這里相當(dāng)于no matter how.不過兩者之間存在差別。 However和no matter how同義，都表示“無論如何”的意思，又都引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但它們的修辭意味和使用場合有所不同。 However是比較正式的用語，大都用于書面語，口語中較少使用；no matter how則比較口語化，它的語勢比however重，故常用在強調(diào)的場合。 請看下面的例句： The task must be done，however arduous it may be． 無論多么艱難，這個任務(wù)一定要完成。 （試比較一般句：The task must be done though it is arduous．） I'll take your words，no matter how harsh they may be． 無論語氣多么難聽，我還是聽你的話的。 （試比較一般句：Although your words are harsh，I'll take them．） However有時可表達(dá)“然而”、“可是”之意，出現(xiàn)于句中或句尾。例： They said that it was so；they were mistaken，however． 他們說事情就是如此，可是他們錯了。 與之類似區(qū)別的詞語很多，例如whatever/no matter what、whenever/no matter when、wherever/no matter where、whichever/no matter which、whoever/no matter who。 3.On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. On the occasions when在……條件下 out of curiosity出于好奇心 I believe Wang Lin was just acting out of curiosity. 我覺得王林這樣做只是出于好奇。 4.If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. may have been對過去發(fā)生的事情表示猜測。 5. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. It在這里是形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。with后面通常加過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨狀語。 6.They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. submit to使服從,使受到,服從,忍受,順從 The heroic people will never submit to foreign rule. 英雄的人民決不會屈服于外國的統(tǒng)治。 7.He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. no sooner than一……就，詳見語法部分。 no sooner... than...，hardly ... when和as soon as的區(qū)別 1) no sooner... than... ，"一...就..." ，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,主句用過去完成時,"than"后面的從句用一般過去時.(從這里可以知道,no sooner后面是主句;than后面是從句) 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨來 No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示強調(diào).這時主句要倒裝. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 2）與這個短語類似的還有hardly ... when 意思為:"還沒...就..." (主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時) 例: We had hardly gotten there when it began to rain. 我們還沒到那兒,天就下起雨了. Hardly...when...也常放在句首 例: Hardly had we gotten there when it began to rain. 3）no sooner than 和hardly when以及as soon as這三個短語都有“一……就”、“剛剛……就”的意思，它們的意思非常相近，因此有時可 以互換。例如： “我剛到公共汽車站，汽車就開了?！币痪洌涂梢杂腥缦聨拙渥g法： As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started. 4） 但他們之間也有一些差異，例如，如果從兩件事情的間隔時間來說，as soon as 較長，no sooner...than 居中，hardly...when 間隔時 間短。其它的一些區(qū)別見下面，請大家在運用的時候要留意。 a、as soon as 它的意思相當(dāng)于“A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事”。 這個短語用的比較常用，口語和書面語都可以。它的特點是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時態(tài)。例如： I'll write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那兒就給你來信。（一般現(xiàn)在時） As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure. 我一進(jìn)門，Katherine 就高興的叫起來。（一般過去時） I'll return the book as soon as I have read it. 我一讀完就把書還回去。（現(xiàn)在完成時） Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee. Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（過去完成時） b、no sooner…than 它的意思相當(dāng)于“剛做完A這件事，就做B這件事”。例如： He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 他一回來就買了一套房子。 如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily. 運動會剛開始，天就下起了大雨。 有一點要注意，no sooner…than 一般用來描述做過的事情，它不能用于表示將來的事。 c、hardly…when... 它的意思是“幾乎未來得及做完A這件事，緊接著就開始B這件事。” 使用這個短語時，一般用于過去完成時；并且when有時可改用before。例如： He had hardly finished the article when the light went out. 他剛要寫完文，燈就熄了。 He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. 他還未安頓下來，就賣掉了那所房子。 另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)即謂語動詞要提前。如： Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我剛吃完他就進(jìn)來了。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她還沒走出家門，就有一個學(xué)生來看望她。