新概念頻道為大家整理的新概念課程講解第四冊(cè)Lesson17 ，供大家參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站 新概念英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)頻道。
Lesson 17A man-made disease人為的疾病 First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis? In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. It overran a whole continent. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable. Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. It spread through France, Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.【參考譯文】 在澳大利亞移民初期，一些有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的移民不明智地把歐洲兔子引進(jìn)了澳大利亞。這種兔子在澳大利亞及新西蘭沒有天敵，因此便以兔子所特有的雜亂交配迅猛繁殖起來(lái)。整個(gè)澳洲兔子成災(zāi)。它們?cè)诘叵麓蚨?，吃掉本可以飼養(yǎng)數(shù)百萬(wàn)頭牛羊的牧草，給澳洲大陸造成了毀滅性的破壞?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種特殊品種的兔子（顯然不包括別的動(dòng)物）易患一種叫“多發(fā)性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。通過(guò)讓染上此病的動(dòng)物在洞內(nèi)亂跑，就可以使這種疾病在一個(gè)地區(qū)蔓延起來(lái)。后來(lái)又發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一種蚊子是傳播這種疾病的媒介，能把此病傳染給兔子。因此，世界上其他地方在設(shè)法消滅蚊子的時(shí)候，澳大利亞卻在促使這種蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把這種疾病擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)澳洲大陸，效果甚佳，結(jié)果兔子的數(shù)目在為減少。后來(lái)，明顯看出，兔子對(duì)這種疾病已產(chǎn)生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能被完全消滅。但是，已有希望解決兔子所帶來(lái)的問題。 具有諷刺意味的是，歐洲把這種兔子作為有害動(dòng)物傳給澳洲，而歐洲自己卻染上了這種人為的瘟疫般的疾病。一位法國(guó)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生決定除掉自己莊園內(nèi)的野兔子，于是引進(jìn)了這種多發(fā)性粘液瘤疾病。然而，這種疾病并未被局限在他的莊園內(nèi)，結(jié)果在整個(gè)法國(guó)蔓延開來(lái)。野兔在法國(guó)一般不被當(dāng)作有害動(dòng)物，而被視為打獵取樂的玩物和有用的食物來(lái)源。這種疾病又蔓延到了英國(guó)。在英國(guó)，野兔被當(dāng)作有害的動(dòng)物，可是家兔是賺錢的毛皮工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，然而家兔同樣易感染這種疾病?，F(xiàn)在的問題是，人類能否控制住這種人為的疾病。1.settlement n.新拓居地 例句：The Pilgrim Fathers made a settlement in America. 首批清教徒在美洲開拓了一個(gè)殖民地。
2.enterprising adj.有事業(yè)心的 例句：The enterprising children opened a lemonade stand. 一些有進(jìn)取心的孩子擺攤賣檸檬汽水。
3.settler n.移居者
4.Antipodes n.新西蘭和澳大利亞（英）
5.promiscuous adj.雜亂的
6.abandon v.放任，縱情 例句：He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他終于放棄了自己的改良主義思想。
7.overrun v.蔓延，泛濫 例句：Weeds have overrun the garden. 花園中雜草蔓生。
8.devastation n.破壞，劫掠 例句：If disease is allowed to spread among the crops,it will cause wide spread devastation. 若是讓疾病在莊稼間傳播,就會(huì)造成大范圍的破壞。 9.burrow v.挖、掘
10.susceptible adj.易受感染的 例句：This agreement is not susceptible to alteration. 這一協(xié)議不容更改。
11.virus n.病毒
12.myxomatosis n.多發(fā)性粘液瘤
13.infect v.傳染
14.epidemic n.流行病
15.mosquito n.蚊蟲
16.carrier n.帶菌者
17.exterminate v.消滅
18.ironically adv.具有諷刺意味地 例句：she began to mimic him ironically. 她開始諷刺地模仿他。
19.bequeath v.把...傳給
20.pest n.害蟲，有害動(dòng)物
21.pestilence n.瘟疫
22.confine n.范圍
23.domesticate v.馴養(yǎng) 例句：It is possible to domesticate some wild animals. 有些野獸是可以馴養(yǎng)的。1.This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. natural enemies是指天敵。 so that在這里引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)so that也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。具體的區(qū)別方法在語(yǔ)法部分詳細(xì)講解。 2.Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. no other沒有別的 例句：The facts allow no other explanation. 事實(shí)不容許有其他的解釋。 No other major insurer acts with equal restraint. 在同業(yè)中再?zèng)]有其它任何一家保險(xiǎn)公司有我們?nèi)绱烁叩淖灾屏Α?3.Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. act as擔(dān)任,扮演,充當(dāng),起…作用 例句：Then you have to act as a dishwasher yourself. 那么就由你來(lái)充當(dāng)洗碗機(jī)吧。 This oil acts as a purgative/has a purgative effect. 這種油有催瀉作用。 4.So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. get rid of擺脫,除掉,扔掉,干掉,消滅 例句：We'll have to get rid of him he never does a stroke. 我們得把他弄走--他什么活兒都不干。 5.It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. It在這里是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。 be unlikely to不可能…… 例句：It is unlikely to rain/that it will rain. 不太可能下雨。 She is unlikely to market philosophical views. 她未必會(huì)兜售哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。 resistance to sth對(duì)某物的抵抗力 so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。那么，在實(shí)際使用過(guò)程中如何區(qū)別它們呢？下面就語(yǔ)義關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)形式對(duì)這兩種從句進(jìn)行辨析說(shuō)明。 (1)目的是以觀念形態(tài)存在的潛在的可能性和意欲，不是事實(shí)。這一潛在的可能性或意欲的實(shí)現(xiàn)，則是結(jié)果。目的是主觀意念，結(jié)果是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此，從句若反映一種意欲、一種可能性，則是目的從句；若是一種事實(shí)，就是結(jié)果從句。試比較： I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time．（purpose）我打算乘早班公共汽車，以便及時(shí)趕到那里。 I took an early bus so that I got there in time．（result）我乘了早班公共汽車，及時(shí)到了那里。 (2)目的從句表示動(dòng)機(jī)（即一種可能性），并非事實(shí)，只是想要達(dá)到某個(gè)結(jié)果的意愿，因而從句中多用假定性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常有can，many，will，could，might，would，should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身并無(wú)詞匯意義，只是一種虛擬用法。結(jié)果從句表示客觀事實(shí)，所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句中常無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較： We planted many shrubs so that the garden should／might look more beautiful．（purpose）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄?，為了讓花園看起來(lái)更美一些。 We planted many shrubs，so that the garden soon looked more beautiful．（re-sult）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄?，花園里不久就好看多了。 I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear．（purpose）我寫作總是字斟句酌，是為了讓人看懂我的意思。 I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear．（result）我寫作總是字斟句酌，結(jié)果把意思講得一清二楚。 Every precaution was taken that the plan might not fail．（purpose）已經(jīng)采取了各種措施，好讓計(jì)劃不致遭失敗。 I must be getting absent-minded that I forgot to bring my ticket．（result）我一定是心不在焉，結(jié)果票也忘了帶。 注意，從句中如用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，有時(shí)會(huì)使得目的和結(jié)果的界線模糊。比如下面這個(gè)句子既可表示結(jié)果也可表示目的： He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him．（result or purpose） 這種情況下，只有依靠上下文來(lái)判斷從句是表示結(jié)果還是目的。 有時(shí)，即使從句中用了can，could，should等，但整句的意思是明確的，因此，它仍是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)句子： The room was packed with people，so that we couldn't get in．房間里擠滿了人，我們進(jìn)不去。 It is raining，so that I cannot go out．天在下雨，我出不去了。 What have I done that you should be so angry with me？我干了些什么使你對(duì)我如此惱火？ (3)目的狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系緊密，在講話時(shí)一氣呵成，而結(jié)果從句則是句子的外在因素，講話時(shí)往往在主句和從句之間須略加停頓，書寫時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)斷開。試比較： We all arrived at eight，so（that）the meeting began promptly．（result）我們都是八點(diǎn)到達(dá)的，結(jié)果會(huì)議馬上就開始了。 We'll come at eight（so）that the meeting can begin early．（purpose）我們要八點(diǎn)來(lái)，以便會(huì)議能早點(diǎn)開始。 He violated the regulation，so he was punished．（result）他違反了規(guī)章制度，所以他受了處分。 I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now．（purpose）此信我航空寄發(fā)，好讓他立即收到。so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。那么，在實(shí)際使用過(guò)程中如何區(qū)別它們呢？下面就語(yǔ)義關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)形式對(duì)這兩種從句進(jìn)行辨析說(shuō)明。 (1)目的是以觀念形態(tài)存在的潛在的可能性和意欲，不是事實(shí)。這一潛在的可能性或意欲的實(shí)現(xiàn)，則是結(jié)果。目的是主觀意念，結(jié)果是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此，從句若反映一種意欲、一種可能性，則是目的從句；若是一種事實(shí)，就是結(jié)果從句。試比較： I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time．（purpose）我打算乘早班公共汽車，以便及時(shí)趕到那里。 I took an early bus so that I got there in time．（result）我乘了早班公共汽車，及時(shí)到了那里。 (2)目的從句表示動(dòng)機(jī)（即一種可能性），并非事實(shí)，只是想要達(dá)到某個(gè)結(jié)果的意愿，因而從句中多用假定性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常有can，many，will，could，might，would，should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身并無(wú)詞匯意義，只是一種虛擬用法。結(jié)果從句表示客觀事實(shí)，所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句中常無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較： We planted many shrubs so that the garden should／might look more beautiful．（purpose）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄荆瑸榱俗尰▓@看起來(lái)更美一些。 We planted many shrubs，so that the garden soon looked more beautiful．（re-sult）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄?，花園里不久就好看多了。 I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear．（purpose）我寫作總是字斟句酌，是為了讓人看懂我的意思。 I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear．（result）我寫作總是字斟句酌，結(jié)果把意思講得一清二楚。 Every precaution was taken that the plan might not fail．（purpose）已經(jīng)采取了各種措施，好讓計(jì)劃不致遭失敗。 I must be getting absent-minded that I forgot to bring my ticket．（result）我一定是心不在焉，結(jié)果票也忘了帶。 注意，從句中如用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，有時(shí)會(huì)使得目的和結(jié)果的界線模糊。比如下面這個(gè)句子既可表示結(jié)果也可表示目的： He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him．（result or purpose） 這種情況下，只有依靠上下文來(lái)判斷從句是表示結(jié)果還是目的。 有時(shí)，即使從句中用了can，could，should等，但整句的意思是明確的，因此，它仍是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)句子： The room was packed with people，so that we couldn't get in．房間里擠滿了人，我們進(jìn)不去。 It is raining，so that I cannot go out．天在下雨，我出不去了。 What have I done that you should be so angry with me？我干了些什么使你對(duì)我如此惱火？ (3)目的狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系緊密，在講話時(shí)一氣呵成，而結(jié)果從句則是句子的外在因素，講話時(shí)往往在主句和從句之間須略加停頓，書寫時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)斷開。試比較： We all arrived at eight，so（that）the meeting began promptly．（result）我們都是八點(diǎn)到達(dá)的，結(jié)果會(huì)議馬上就開始了。 We'll come at eight（so）that the meeting can begin early．（purpose）我們要八點(diǎn)來(lái)，以便會(huì)議能早點(diǎn)開始。 He violated the regulation，so he was punished．（result）他違反了規(guī)章制度，所以他受了處分。 I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now．（purpose）此信我航空寄發(fā)，好讓他立即收到。
Lesson 17A man-made disease人為的疾病 First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis? In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. It overran a whole continent. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable. Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. It spread through France, Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.【參考譯文】 在澳大利亞移民初期，一些有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的移民不明智地把歐洲兔子引進(jìn)了澳大利亞。這種兔子在澳大利亞及新西蘭沒有天敵，因此便以兔子所特有的雜亂交配迅猛繁殖起來(lái)。整個(gè)澳洲兔子成災(zāi)。它們?cè)诘叵麓蚨?，吃掉本可以飼養(yǎng)數(shù)百萬(wàn)頭牛羊的牧草，給澳洲大陸造成了毀滅性的破壞?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種特殊品種的兔子（顯然不包括別的動(dòng)物）易患一種叫“多發(fā)性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。通過(guò)讓染上此病的動(dòng)物在洞內(nèi)亂跑，就可以使這種疾病在一個(gè)地區(qū)蔓延起來(lái)。后來(lái)又發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一種蚊子是傳播這種疾病的媒介，能把此病傳染給兔子。因此，世界上其他地方在設(shè)法消滅蚊子的時(shí)候，澳大利亞卻在促使這種蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把這種疾病擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)澳洲大陸，效果甚佳，結(jié)果兔子的數(shù)目在為減少。后來(lái)，明顯看出，兔子對(duì)這種疾病已產(chǎn)生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能被完全消滅。但是，已有希望解決兔子所帶來(lái)的問題。 具有諷刺意味的是，歐洲把這種兔子作為有害動(dòng)物傳給澳洲，而歐洲自己卻染上了這種人為的瘟疫般的疾病。一位法國(guó)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生決定除掉自己莊園內(nèi)的野兔子，于是引進(jìn)了這種多發(fā)性粘液瘤疾病。然而，這種疾病并未被局限在他的莊園內(nèi)，結(jié)果在整個(gè)法國(guó)蔓延開來(lái)。野兔在法國(guó)一般不被當(dāng)作有害動(dòng)物，而被視為打獵取樂的玩物和有用的食物來(lái)源。這種疾病又蔓延到了英國(guó)。在英國(guó)，野兔被當(dāng)作有害的動(dòng)物，可是家兔是賺錢的毛皮工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，然而家兔同樣易感染這種疾病?，F(xiàn)在的問題是，人類能否控制住這種人為的疾病。1.settlement n.新拓居地 例句：The Pilgrim Fathers made a settlement in America. 首批清教徒在美洲開拓了一個(gè)殖民地。
2.enterprising adj.有事業(yè)心的 例句：The enterprising children opened a lemonade stand. 一些有進(jìn)取心的孩子擺攤賣檸檬汽水。
3.settler n.移居者
4.Antipodes n.新西蘭和澳大利亞（英）
5.promiscuous adj.雜亂的
6.abandon v.放任，縱情 例句：He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他終于放棄了自己的改良主義思想。
7.overrun v.蔓延，泛濫 例句：Weeds have overrun the garden. 花園中雜草蔓生。
8.devastation n.破壞，劫掠 例句：If disease is allowed to spread among the crops,it will cause wide spread devastation. 若是讓疾病在莊稼間傳播,就會(huì)造成大范圍的破壞。 9.burrow v.挖、掘
10.susceptible adj.易受感染的 例句：This agreement is not susceptible to alteration. 這一協(xié)議不容更改。
11.virus n.病毒
12.myxomatosis n.多發(fā)性粘液瘤
13.infect v.傳染
14.epidemic n.流行病
15.mosquito n.蚊蟲
16.carrier n.帶菌者
17.exterminate v.消滅
18.ironically adv.具有諷刺意味地 例句：she began to mimic him ironically. 她開始諷刺地模仿他。
19.bequeath v.把...傳給
20.pest n.害蟲，有害動(dòng)物
21.pestilence n.瘟疫
22.confine n.范圍
23.domesticate v.馴養(yǎng) 例句：It is possible to domesticate some wild animals. 有些野獸是可以馴養(yǎng)的。1.This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. natural enemies是指天敵。 so that在這里引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)so that也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。具體的區(qū)別方法在語(yǔ)法部分詳細(xì)講解。 2.Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. no other沒有別的 例句：The facts allow no other explanation. 事實(shí)不容許有其他的解釋。 No other major insurer acts with equal restraint. 在同業(yè)中再?zèng)]有其它任何一家保險(xiǎn)公司有我們?nèi)绱烁叩淖灾屏Α?3.Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. act as擔(dān)任,扮演,充當(dāng),起…作用 例句：Then you have to act as a dishwasher yourself. 那么就由你來(lái)充當(dāng)洗碗機(jī)吧。 This oil acts as a purgative/has a purgative effect. 這種油有催瀉作用。 4.So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. get rid of擺脫,除掉,扔掉,干掉,消滅 例句：We'll have to get rid of him he never does a stroke. 我們得把他弄走--他什么活兒都不干。 5.It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. It在這里是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句。 be unlikely to不可能…… 例句：It is unlikely to rain/that it will rain. 不太可能下雨。 She is unlikely to market philosophical views. 她未必會(huì)兜售哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。 resistance to sth對(duì)某物的抵抗力 so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。那么，在實(shí)際使用過(guò)程中如何區(qū)別它們呢？下面就語(yǔ)義關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)形式對(duì)這兩種從句進(jìn)行辨析說(shuō)明。 (1)目的是以觀念形態(tài)存在的潛在的可能性和意欲，不是事實(shí)。這一潛在的可能性或意欲的實(shí)現(xiàn)，則是結(jié)果。目的是主觀意念，結(jié)果是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此，從句若反映一種意欲、一種可能性，則是目的從句；若是一種事實(shí)，就是結(jié)果從句。試比較： I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time．（purpose）我打算乘早班公共汽車，以便及時(shí)趕到那里。 I took an early bus so that I got there in time．（result）我乘了早班公共汽車，及時(shí)到了那里。 (2)目的從句表示動(dòng)機(jī)（即一種可能性），并非事實(shí)，只是想要達(dá)到某個(gè)結(jié)果的意愿，因而從句中多用假定性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常有can，many，will，could，might，would，should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身并無(wú)詞匯意義，只是一種虛擬用法。結(jié)果從句表示客觀事實(shí)，所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句中常無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較： We planted many shrubs so that the garden should／might look more beautiful．（purpose）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄?，為了讓花園看起來(lái)更美一些。 We planted many shrubs，so that the garden soon looked more beautiful．（re-sult）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄?，花園里不久就好看多了。 I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear．（purpose）我寫作總是字斟句酌，是為了讓人看懂我的意思。 I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear．（result）我寫作總是字斟句酌，結(jié)果把意思講得一清二楚。 Every precaution was taken that the plan might not fail．（purpose）已經(jīng)采取了各種措施，好讓計(jì)劃不致遭失敗。 I must be getting absent-minded that I forgot to bring my ticket．（result）我一定是心不在焉，結(jié)果票也忘了帶。 注意，從句中如用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，有時(shí)會(huì)使得目的和結(jié)果的界線模糊。比如下面這個(gè)句子既可表示結(jié)果也可表示目的： He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him．（result or purpose） 這種情況下，只有依靠上下文來(lái)判斷從句是表示結(jié)果還是目的。 有時(shí)，即使從句中用了can，could，should等，但整句的意思是明確的，因此，它仍是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)句子： The room was packed with people，so that we couldn't get in．房間里擠滿了人，我們進(jìn)不去。 It is raining，so that I cannot go out．天在下雨，我出不去了。 What have I done that you should be so angry with me？我干了些什么使你對(duì)我如此惱火？ (3)目的狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系緊密，在講話時(shí)一氣呵成，而結(jié)果從句則是句子的外在因素，講話時(shí)往往在主句和從句之間須略加停頓，書寫時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)斷開。試比較： We all arrived at eight，so（that）the meeting began promptly．（result）我們都是八點(diǎn)到達(dá)的，結(jié)果會(huì)議馬上就開始了。 We'll come at eight（so）that the meeting can begin early．（purpose）我們要八點(diǎn)來(lái)，以便會(huì)議能早點(diǎn)開始。 He violated the regulation，so he was punished．（result）他違反了規(guī)章制度，所以他受了處分。 I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now．（purpose）此信我航空寄發(fā)，好讓他立即收到。so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。那么，在實(shí)際使用過(guò)程中如何區(qū)別它們呢？下面就語(yǔ)義關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)形式對(duì)這兩種從句進(jìn)行辨析說(shuō)明。 (1)目的是以觀念形態(tài)存在的潛在的可能性和意欲，不是事實(shí)。這一潛在的可能性或意欲的實(shí)現(xiàn)，則是結(jié)果。目的是主觀意念，結(jié)果是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此，從句若反映一種意欲、一種可能性，則是目的從句；若是一種事實(shí)，就是結(jié)果從句。試比較： I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time．（purpose）我打算乘早班公共汽車，以便及時(shí)趕到那里。 I took an early bus so that I got there in time．（result）我乘了早班公共汽車，及時(shí)到了那里。 (2)目的從句表示動(dòng)機(jī)（即一種可能性），并非事實(shí)，只是想要達(dá)到某個(gè)結(jié)果的意愿，因而從句中多用假定性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常有can，many，will，could，might，would，should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身并無(wú)詞匯意義，只是一種虛擬用法。結(jié)果從句表示客觀事實(shí)，所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句中常無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較： We planted many shrubs so that the garden should／might look more beautiful．（purpose）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄荆瑸榱俗尰▓@看起來(lái)更美一些。 We planted many shrubs，so that the garden soon looked more beautiful．（re-sult）我們?cè)粤撕芏喙嗄?，花園里不久就好看多了。 I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear．（purpose）我寫作總是字斟句酌，是為了讓人看懂我的意思。 I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear．（result）我寫作總是字斟句酌，結(jié)果把意思講得一清二楚。 Every precaution was taken that the plan might not fail．（purpose）已經(jīng)采取了各種措施，好讓計(jì)劃不致遭失敗。 I must be getting absent-minded that I forgot to bring my ticket．（result）我一定是心不在焉，結(jié)果票也忘了帶。 注意，從句中如用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，有時(shí)會(huì)使得目的和結(jié)果的界線模糊。比如下面這個(gè)句子既可表示結(jié)果也可表示目的： He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him．（result or purpose） 這種情況下，只有依靠上下文來(lái)判斷從句是表示結(jié)果還是目的。 有時(shí)，即使從句中用了can，could，should等，但整句的意思是明確的，因此，它仍是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)句子： The room was packed with people，so that we couldn't get in．房間里擠滿了人，我們進(jìn)不去。 It is raining，so that I cannot go out．天在下雨，我出不去了。 What have I done that you should be so angry with me？我干了些什么使你對(duì)我如此惱火？ (3)目的狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系緊密，在講話時(shí)一氣呵成，而結(jié)果從句則是句子的外在因素，講話時(shí)往往在主句和從句之間須略加停頓，書寫時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)斷開。試比較： We all arrived at eight，so（that）the meeting began promptly．（result）我們都是八點(diǎn)到達(dá)的，結(jié)果會(huì)議馬上就開始了。 We'll come at eight（so）that the meeting can begin early．（purpose）我們要八點(diǎn)來(lái)，以便會(huì)議能早點(diǎn)開始。 He violated the regulation，so he was punished．（result）他違反了規(guī)章制度，所以他受了處分。 I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now．（purpose）此信我航空寄發(fā)，好讓他立即收到。