★以下是英文寫作翻譯頻道為大家整理的《初中生簡單英語語法學(xué)習(xí)-than使用的常見語法》,供大家參考。更多內(nèi)容請看本站寫作翻譯頻道。
一、后接人稱代詞用主格還是賓格
由于than既可用作連詞也可用作介詞,所以當(dāng)后接人稱代詞時(shí),可用主格也可用賓格。通常認(rèn)為在正式文體中多用主格,在口語或非正式文體中多用賓語。如:
Everyone here is taller than I [me]. 這兒的每一個(gè)人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she [her]. 她姐姐游泳比她快。
但是,若人稱代詞之后跟有動(dòng)詞,則只能用主格。如:
Everyone here is taller than I am. 這兒的每一個(gè)人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she does. 她姐姐游泳比她快。
注意:有時(shí)用主格或賓格會(huì)導(dǎo)致意思的變化。比較:
I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更愛你。
I love you more than (he likes) him. 我愛你勝過愛他。
二、后接動(dòng)詞用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞
1. 當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常應(yīng)使用一樣的形式。如:
It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it. 借債容易還債難。
He likes playing chess more than watching TV. 與看電視相比,他更喜歡下棋。
比較:
He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.
=He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 他認(rèn)為他自己開車比讓我開車要更安全些。
2. 若不是連接兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞,則其后出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)名詞形式(雖然也可用不定式,但不如用動(dòng)名詞普通)。如:
There are worse calamities than failing your driving test. 比起你駕駛考試不合格來說,更大的災(zāi)難還多著呢。
Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart. 再?zèng)]有比聽莫扎特的樂曲更讓我高興的事了。
Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟲子。
三、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題
若than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句與主句動(dòng)作不一致,可以根據(jù)情況使用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)形式。如:
He drives faster than he did a year ago. 他開車比一年以前快了。
The house is rather bigger than we thought. 這所房子比我們想的大得多。
若主句為將來時(shí),than引導(dǎo)的從句可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來,也可直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:
We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will]. 我們開車可能會(huì)比你們快。
四、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的倒裝問題
than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句時(shí),從句語序通常不需倒裝,但在正式文體中,有時(shí)也可倒裝。如:
City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.
=City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people. 城市居民死亡率比農(nóng)村居民高。
五、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)成分
有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分(主語、賓語、表語),為便于理解,有時(shí)可視為than后省略了what:
We don’t want to do more than is necessary. 我們不想做不必要的事情。
The pain was almost more than he could bear. 這樣的痛苦幾乎使他受不了。
She’s not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns. 她不大會(huì)理財(cái)——總是入不敷出。
Life here is much easier than it used to be. 如今在此地生活比起從前可舒服多了。
比較下面一句,than后的expected為省略結(jié)構(gòu):
He returned three days earlier than (he was) expected. 他回來得比預(yù)料的要早三天。
六、后接時(shí)間或條件狀語從句
若語義需要,有時(shí)其后可接when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句以及if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如:
You are a little fatter than when I saw you last. 你比我上次見你時(shí)胖點(diǎn)了。
Joe carries only nine pounds more than when he was twenty. 喬比他20歲時(shí)只重了九磅。
They work better together than if they are alone. 他們一起干比他們單干效果要好。
七、同質(zhì)比較還是異質(zhì)比較
than 通常用于兩個(gè)不同的人或物在同一方面進(jìn)行比較,但有時(shí)指的可能是同一個(gè)人或物在兩個(gè)不同的方面進(jìn)行比較,此時(shí)只用于more…than…結(jié)構(gòu),而不能用 –er…than…的形式(即使是單音節(jié)也是如此),這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常可譯為“與其……不如……”“有……無……”。如:
He’s more fat than short. 與其說他矮不如說他胖。
They are more brave than wise. 他們有勇無謀。
If we tell him about it, it may do more harm than good. 倘若我們把情況告訴他,那可能弊多利少。
八、與never (a) 連用時(shí)如何理解
有時(shí)than與帶有never (a) 的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)連用,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),通常表示級的含義。如:
I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上這樣倒霉。
若意思明確,有時(shí)可省略than結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何時(shí)候都好。
I’ve never seen a finer bird. 我從未見過比這更美的鳥。
I’ve never found a better job. 這是我找到的的工作。
九、than any other后接名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)
than any other后接名詞時(shí)通常用單數(shù)形式,很少用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
He swims faster than any other student in his class. 他比班上的其他任何學(xué)生都游得快。
More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body. 從頭部散發(fā)的熱量比身體的其他任何部位都多。
十、幾組容易理解出錯(cuò)的than習(xí)語
1.“no +比較級+than”與“not +比較級+than”
(1) “no +比較級+than”用于否定兩者,表示“與……一樣不”,其義大致相當(dāng)于其中形容詞或副詞的反義詞用于as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He is no richer than a beggar.=He is as poor as a beggar. 他窮如乞丐。
This one is no better than that one.=This one is as bad as that one. 這個(gè)與那個(gè)一樣不好。
(2) “not +比較級+than”的意思是“不比……更”“不如”。如:
He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。
This one is not better than that one. 這個(gè)不如那個(gè)好。
2. no less than, no less...than 與 not less than
(1) no less than 有兩個(gè)意思:一是表示“多達(dá)”“有……之多”,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量之多;二是表示“簡直”“與……沒有差別”。如:
We walked no less than three miles. 我們走了三英里之遠(yuǎn)。
We won no less than £500 in a competition. 我們在一次比賽中就贏了500英鎊。
It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要這么多,簡直跟搶劫?zèng)]什么兩樣。
(2) no less...than 意為“與……一樣”“不比……差”,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者具有同等性。如:
He is no less wise than you. 他跟你一樣聰明(他并不比你笨)。
A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚與狗同樣都是聰明的動(dòng)物。
(3) not less than 意為“不下于”“至少”。比較:
He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七個(gè)女兒之多。
He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七個(gè)女兒。
3. no more than, no more…than與not more than
(1) no more than表示“僅僅”“只有”“只不過”,強(qiáng)調(diào)程度低或數(shù)量少。如:
He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. 他只不過是個(gè)普通的英文老師。
He has no more than three shirts. 他只有3件襯衫。
(2) not more than 表示“至多”,與at most同義。如:
He has not more than three shirts. 他最多只有3件襯衫(含有或許還不到3件之意)。
(3) no more...than 表示對兩者都否定, 意為“既不……也不”“同……一樣不”。如:
He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是畫家,也不是作家。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 如同馬不是魚一樣,鯨也不是魚。
一、后接人稱代詞用主格還是賓格
由于than既可用作連詞也可用作介詞,所以當(dāng)后接人稱代詞時(shí),可用主格也可用賓格。通常認(rèn)為在正式文體中多用主格,在口語或非正式文體中多用賓語。如:
Everyone here is taller than I [me]. 這兒的每一個(gè)人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she [her]. 她姐姐游泳比她快。
但是,若人稱代詞之后跟有動(dòng)詞,則只能用主格。如:
Everyone here is taller than I am. 這兒的每一個(gè)人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she does. 她姐姐游泳比她快。
注意:有時(shí)用主格或賓格會(huì)導(dǎo)致意思的變化。比較:
I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更愛你。
I love you more than (he likes) him. 我愛你勝過愛他。
二、后接動(dòng)詞用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞
1. 當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常應(yīng)使用一樣的形式。如:
It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it. 借債容易還債難。
He likes playing chess more than watching TV. 與看電視相比,他更喜歡下棋。
比較:
He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.
=He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 他認(rèn)為他自己開車比讓我開車要更安全些。
2. 若不是連接兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞,則其后出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)名詞形式(雖然也可用不定式,但不如用動(dòng)名詞普通)。如:
There are worse calamities than failing your driving test. 比起你駕駛考試不合格來說,更大的災(zāi)難還多著呢。
Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart. 再?zèng)]有比聽莫扎特的樂曲更讓我高興的事了。
Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟲子。
三、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題
若than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句與主句動(dòng)作不一致,可以根據(jù)情況使用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)形式。如:
He drives faster than he did a year ago. 他開車比一年以前快了。
The house is rather bigger than we thought. 這所房子比我們想的大得多。
若主句為將來時(shí),than引導(dǎo)的從句可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來,也可直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:
We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will]. 我們開車可能會(huì)比你們快。
四、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的倒裝問題
than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句時(shí),從句語序通常不需倒裝,但在正式文體中,有時(shí)也可倒裝。如:
City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.
=City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people. 城市居民死亡率比農(nóng)村居民高。
五、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)成分
有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分(主語、賓語、表語),為便于理解,有時(shí)可視為than后省略了what:
We don’t want to do more than is necessary. 我們不想做不必要的事情。
The pain was almost more than he could bear. 這樣的痛苦幾乎使他受不了。
She’s not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns. 她不大會(huì)理財(cái)——總是入不敷出。
Life here is much easier than it used to be. 如今在此地生活比起從前可舒服多了。
比較下面一句,than后的expected為省略結(jié)構(gòu):
He returned three days earlier than (he was) expected. 他回來得比預(yù)料的要早三天。
六、后接時(shí)間或條件狀語從句
若語義需要,有時(shí)其后可接when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句以及if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如:
You are a little fatter than when I saw you last. 你比我上次見你時(shí)胖點(diǎn)了。
Joe carries only nine pounds more than when he was twenty. 喬比他20歲時(shí)只重了九磅。
They work better together than if they are alone. 他們一起干比他們單干效果要好。
七、同質(zhì)比較還是異質(zhì)比較
than 通常用于兩個(gè)不同的人或物在同一方面進(jìn)行比較,但有時(shí)指的可能是同一個(gè)人或物在兩個(gè)不同的方面進(jìn)行比較,此時(shí)只用于more…than…結(jié)構(gòu),而不能用 –er…than…的形式(即使是單音節(jié)也是如此),這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常可譯為“與其……不如……”“有……無……”。如:
He’s more fat than short. 與其說他矮不如說他胖。
They are more brave than wise. 他們有勇無謀。
If we tell him about it, it may do more harm than good. 倘若我們把情況告訴他,那可能弊多利少。
八、與never (a) 連用時(shí)如何理解
有時(shí)than與帶有never (a) 的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)連用,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),通常表示級的含義。如:
I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上這樣倒霉。
若意思明確,有時(shí)可省略than結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何時(shí)候都好。
I’ve never seen a finer bird. 我從未見過比這更美的鳥。
I’ve never found a better job. 這是我找到的的工作。
九、than any other后接名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)
than any other后接名詞時(shí)通常用單數(shù)形式,很少用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
He swims faster than any other student in his class. 他比班上的其他任何學(xué)生都游得快。
More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body. 從頭部散發(fā)的熱量比身體的其他任何部位都多。
十、幾組容易理解出錯(cuò)的than習(xí)語
1.“no +比較級+than”與“not +比較級+than”
(1) “no +比較級+than”用于否定兩者,表示“與……一樣不”,其義大致相當(dāng)于其中形容詞或副詞的反義詞用于as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He is no richer than a beggar.=He is as poor as a beggar. 他窮如乞丐。
This one is no better than that one.=This one is as bad as that one. 這個(gè)與那個(gè)一樣不好。
(2) “not +比較級+than”的意思是“不比……更”“不如”。如:
He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。
This one is not better than that one. 這個(gè)不如那個(gè)好。
2. no less than, no less...than 與 not less than
(1) no less than 有兩個(gè)意思:一是表示“多達(dá)”“有……之多”,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量之多;二是表示“簡直”“與……沒有差別”。如:
We walked no less than three miles. 我們走了三英里之遠(yuǎn)。
We won no less than £500 in a competition. 我們在一次比賽中就贏了500英鎊。
It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要這么多,簡直跟搶劫?zèng)]什么兩樣。
(2) no less...than 意為“與……一樣”“不比……差”,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者具有同等性。如:
He is no less wise than you. 他跟你一樣聰明(他并不比你笨)。
A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚與狗同樣都是聰明的動(dòng)物。
(3) not less than 意為“不下于”“至少”。比較:
He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七個(gè)女兒之多。
He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七個(gè)女兒。
3. no more than, no more…than與not more than
(1) no more than表示“僅僅”“只有”“只不過”,強(qiáng)調(diào)程度低或數(shù)量少。如:
He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. 他只不過是個(gè)普通的英文老師。
He has no more than three shirts. 他只有3件襯衫。
(2) not more than 表示“至多”,與at most同義。如:
He has not more than three shirts. 他最多只有3件襯衫(含有或許還不到3件之意)。
(3) no more...than 表示對兩者都否定, 意為“既不……也不”“同……一樣不”。如:
He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是畫家,也不是作家。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 如同馬不是魚一樣,鯨也不是魚。

