以下是整理的《托?？谡Z突破之獨立話題的思路拓展》，希望大家喜歡！
托?？谡Z的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是從delivery, topic development, language use三個角度去衡量考生的口語水平和口語能力的。語言的流暢度體現(xiàn)在考生的整體語言面貌，語言使用體現(xiàn)在詞的變化以及句式的多樣化方面。而對于很多同學(xué)，甚至是已經(jīng)拿到一個不錯的分?jǐn)?shù)但又想要繼續(xù)提高分?jǐn)?shù)的同學(xué)來說，有時會感到疑惑，話題到底怎么發(fā)展才能做到有效，怎樣才能做到不跑題，如何構(gòu)架答案使其聽上去更具邏輯性。本文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將和考生們探討一下如何做到思路拓展，并且學(xué)會在生活中鍛煉自己有條理地敘述。
我們組織思路一般有三種方式：邏輯重要性，時間順序和空間順序。
首先我們先討論邏輯重要性的輕重如何把握。
為了使答案聽上去有重點，主次突出，我們在輸出答案中一般存在兩種選擇，一是將最想說的理由或是事情放在開頭說，次重要或是自己認(rèn)為并不十分重要的放在后面說，這樣，即使是碰到時間緊迫的情況下，我們也可以將我們核心的觀點說出來，而選擇性的忽略一些思考不夠成熟的理由或是例子。在這種情況下，理由的關(guān)系往往是并列的，這里的并列不是指邏輯上的同等重要，因為剛才已經(jīng)說了要把重要的理由放在前面說，這里強調(diào)是為了讓同學(xué)們注意正確的使用表并列的銜接詞。
二是在利用準(zhǔn)備時間的時候要寫下關(guān)鍵詞，把較為簡單容易的放在前面說，后面說較為復(fù)雜的理由，可以在結(jié)尾升華，這樣易于加深自己表達(dá)的重點，與主題呼應(yīng)。這時理由間的關(guān)系是遞進(jìn)的狀態(tài)，逐次的夯實自己要表達(dá)的中心。但在考試中由于準(zhǔn)備時間比較短，如果碰到不熟悉的話題為防止跑題，這時就更趨向使用第一種方法。不過兩種方法在平時的練習(xí)中都是很好的練習(xí)手段。
對于思路的拓展，很重要的就是邏輯關(guān)系詞的使用，正確良好的使用關(guān)系詞，可以將零散的答案立刻變得有序，聽上去就會很有邏輯性。常見的邏輯詞有：
1. 表示強調(diào)和具體的有：infact, that is, actually, in other words, in particular, specifically,especially…
2. 表示承認(rèn)和讓步的有：eventhough, although, but, yet, of course, no doubt, undoubtedly, certainly…
3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的有：Despite,in spite of, although, even if, however, in fact...
4. 表示總結(jié)的有：finally,in short, on the whole, all in all, in other words...
5. 表示補充的有：togetherwith, in addition to, besides, too also, as well as, and not only...but also,both...and, moreover, furthermore, also, as well, in addition...
6. 表示舉例的有：such as,like, for instance, for example...
7. 表示原因和結(jié)果的有：dueto, because of, because, since, so... that, as long as…,and so therefore，thus,consequently, as a result, for this reason...
8. 表示比較和對比的有：like,(just) as, while, whereas, or, nor, similarly, likewise, in the same way, incontrast, on the other hand...
使用什么樣的關(guān)系詞是由答案中的邏輯關(guān)系決定的。下面我們看兩個例子，對比邏輯關(guān)系在答案中的妙用。題目是Whattwo courses do you focus on the most in university and why?
I like math because my attitude comes from my careerplans: I wantto work designing computer. Mathematics is basic to understanding computer operations.And I like English, too. In computer design, it is important to be able tocommunicate correctly and effectively in English. English will be the tools toexpress my ideas and to write effective memos and letters. I feel I know mycareer plans deeply, and I get good grades now.
這樣的一個答案聽上去意思還是很清楚的，但是缺乏了合理的擴展和聯(lián)接，所以更像是簡單句的堆砌，讓人聽上去索然無味。下面的例子加入了小詞和一些插入語，使其聽上去更口語化，也符合正常交流的語言狀態(tài)。
Sample:
AlthoughI know that I have to study a variety of subjects to becomea well-round person, there are two courses on which I put special focus. The most important course to me ismath. The reason is that my attitudecomes from my career plans：Iwant to work designing computer, so mathematics, of course, is basic to understanding computer operations. The course that is second in importance tome is English. In computer design，asin any business area, it is important to be able to communicate correctly andeffectively in English. English will be the tools to express my ideas and towrite effective memos and letters. By working particularly hard in theseclasses, I feel I am furthering my career plans, as well as getting good grades now.
其次，我們也可以按照時間的發(fā)展順序去進(jìn)行敘述，這樣的敘述方式往往是出現(xiàn)在我們要描述一件發(fā)生在自己身上的事，朋友或親戚的經(jīng)歷或是舉名人事例時。比如描述一次我的歐洲之旅，可以這樣說：
LastChristmas I took a month-long trip to Europe.First, I went to London. I stayed there for two weeks. I saw many historical places and went to several shows. After London, I flew to Paris, where Iwent shopping and visited the Louvre. I stayed in Paris for a week. Then I went to Rome by train. In Rome I saw theColosseum, the Pantheon, and Vatican City. Aftera week in Rome, I flew home. It was an educational and enjoyable trip.
中間可以加入旅行的感受，結(jié)尾也可以加入這趟旅行的意義，對比中外建筑的差異等等來進(jìn)行拓展，這里主要還是強調(diào)描述時間發(fā)生順序的方法，這在我們平時和朋友交流的真實語境中也會常常用到。
最后，我們也可以按照空間順序展開，這種方法我們常常在地點類話題中使用，比如我們要談?wù)搚ourfavorite place, 可以這樣說：
My favorite place is my living room. It’s rectangularwith the door on the left side ofthe south wall. In the wall oppositethe door is a picture window. Belowthe window is a sofa. A coffee table is infront of the sofa. Facing thesofa are two armchairs. An abstract painting is on the west wall. Along theeast wall you will see a long cabinet with a vase of flowers on it. To the right of the cabinet is a smalltable with a telephone on it. This bright and uncluttered room makes me feelcomfortable and relaxed.
這樣的方式，一個干凈整潔的房間就仿佛在你眼前一樣，這依靠的就是合理的方向性的敘述。
當(dāng)然，我們要注意，有邏輯的敘述并不是流水賬式的描述，這還需要你在答案中加入自己的態(tài)度和想法。但在培養(yǎng)這種邏輯當(dāng)中，做一些簡單的思維訓(xùn)練，比如將一天的活動串起來；或是在一個陌生的環(huán)境中，對周邊景色或物體進(jìn)行有條理的描繪，都是培養(yǎng)語言邏輯性的好方法。