A:形容詞
1、 形容詞及其用法
形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常, 可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
1) 直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如:hot 熱的。
2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
?。ㄥe(cuò)) He is an ill man.
?。▽?duì)) The man is ill.
?。ㄥe(cuò)) She is an afraid girl.
?。▽?duì)) The girl is afraid.
這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:
something nice
2. 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
(對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.
(對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
3 用形容詞表示類別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
4 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋? 限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例題:
1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案:B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+
those + three + beautiful + large + square
新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞
old + brown + wood + table