初中英語語法大全:形容詞和副詞

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A:形容詞 1、 形容詞及其用法   形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常, 可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。 1) 直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如:hot 熱的。 2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。   ?。ㄥe(cuò)) He is an ill man.   ?。▽?duì)) The man is ill.   ?。ㄥe(cuò)) She is an afraid girl.   ?。▽?duì)) The girl is afraid.  這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:    something nice 2. 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,  ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。  改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.     (錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.     (對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.     (對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early    The Times is a daily paper.    The Times is published daily. 3 用形容詞表示類別和整體 1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry    The poor are losing hope. 2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。    the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.    The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?  限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞    a small round table    a tall gray building    a dirty old brown shirt    a famous German medical school    an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例題: 1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.    A. little two other B. two little other  C. two other little  D. little other two   答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。 2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.  A. old Chinese stone   B. Chinese old stone  C. old stone Chinese  D. Chinese stone old  答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。 3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?  ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.  A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny  C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last 答案:B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表: 限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+ those + three + beautiful + large + square  新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞 old + brown + wood + table