2015年5月30日托福閱讀機經(jīng)

2015年5月30日托福閱讀機經(jīng)：
    詞匯題匯總：
    

Dramatic=striking	Focus=concentrate	Imminent=about to happen	Replenish=restore
Rapport=bond	Suspended=floating	Virtually=nearly	Vitality=energy
Distinction=difference	Thrill=excitement	Ultimately=eventually	Specified=stated
Refinement=improvement

     第一篇：戲劇藝術(shù)與電影等錄下來的表演不同，演員會因觀眾的反饋而感到興奮，從而達成表演中演員與觀眾的交流。
    因此，許多電影演員會隔一段時間就回去表演戲劇?？磻騽〉挠^眾會因為一個時間段來看同一臺戲，喜歡同一個演員而形成一個圈子，
    而看電視和電影更多還是自己觀賞，不會形成這種交流，也就不會產(chǎn)生如大家一起鼓掌等強烈的反饋。
    而且，觀眾鼓掌不僅為演員也為自己，因為他們理解并欣賞了演出。
    戲劇演出不會像固定在錄制電影中的表演那樣毫無差 錯，演員的表演每晚都有微妙的差別。
    雖然只有行家才能看出來，但參與戲劇制作的工作人員對此一清二楚，并知道正是如此，戲劇才如此與眾不同。
    演員會根據(jù)前幾晚的表演自我提升，并時刻因有犯錯的可能而警醒著，其他劇場人員也是如此, 而正是如此，戲劇表演如此令人興奮。
     
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    第二篇：許多因素影響海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，太陽輻射對水體的影響也很重要。
    99%的輻射在淺層的50-100m被吸收，長波輻射先被吸收，短波輻射會到更深處，這也是大?？雌饋砦邓{的原因。
    大部分有機物只能在淺層存活，因為此處有光可以進行光合作用，例如在海岸存活的K生物。
    盡管能夠有生物存在，它們也往往是單細胞的。由于淺層水溫高而底層低，會存在一個水溫變化的臨界點。在水體深處，黑暗而缺乏氧氣，但一些金屬元素營養(yǎng)會下沉。
    季節(jié)性的一種風會有助于水體內(nèi)垂直方向的交換，表層氧氣下去而底層營養(yǎng)上來，從而養(yǎng)更多的生物。但熱帶地區(qū)的湖泊缺乏這種交換，就要靠流入的徑流帶來表層營養(yǎng)。
     
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    相關(guān)背景：
    Ocean currents greatly affect Earth's climate by transferring heat from the tropics to the polar regions. Transferring warm or cold air and precipitation to coastal regions, winds may carry them inland. Surface heat and freshwater fluxes create global density gradients that drive the thermohaline circulation part of large-scale ocean circulation. It plays an important role in supplying heat to the polar regions, and thus in sea ice regulation. Changes in the thermohaline circulation are thought to have significant impacts on Earth's radiation budget. In so far as the thermohaline circulation governs the rate at which deep waters reach the surface, it may also significantly influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
    For a discussion of the possibilities of changes to the thermohaline circulation under global warming, see shutdown of thermohaline circulation.
    It is often stated that the thermohaline circulation is the primary reason that the climate of Western Europe is so temperate. An alternate hypothesis claims that this is largely incorrect, and that Europe is warm mostly because it lies downwind of an ocean basin, and because atmospheric waves bring warm air north from the subtropics.
    The Antarctic Circumpolar Current encircles that continent, influencing the area's climate and connecting currents in several oceans.
    One of the most dramatic forms of weather occurs over the oceans: tropical cyclones (also called "typhoons" and "hurricanes" depending upon where the system forms).
     
    第三篇： 預測地震的方式中，一種是long-term,會分析以往地震數(shù)據(jù)，預測特定地區(qū)未來地震發(fā)生的時間間隔。另一種short-term, 會根據(jù)地面上各種變化來預測地震。比如石塊也許會膨脹，因為地下微波的影響。地下水的變化也會有影響（這段具體的忘了）。這種猜測建立了五種模式，但實際的地震預測要比這復雜許多，然后舉了個具體案例。
     
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    相關(guān)背景：
    An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, which can be violent enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely felt to violent enough to toss people around. Earthquakes have destroyed whole cities. They result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
    Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter magnitude scale. These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity. Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth. The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude. The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2014), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal.
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