2015年5月9日托福閱讀解析
2015年5月9日進行的托?？荚囉泻涡骂}型？各種托福題目難度如何？新東方在線聯(lián)合寧波學(xué)校的老師們?yōu)榇蠹覝?zhǔn)備了新的托福考試內(nèi)容和詳解，以下由新東方 mso-bidi-font-family:微軟雅黑;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">毛承婕老師為大家?guī)黹喿x考試部分的回顧與解析，祝各位考生學(xué)習(xí)愉快！
詞匯題：
oblige=force
ensure=guarantee
henceforth=from
past to now
excavation=dig
out
substantial=considerable
incite=stimulate
alteration=modified
in
preference to=more than
constituent=component
characteristic=typical
outweigh=exceed
第一篇 先進的探測方法
原文回顧： 一些先進的科技和地理知識的運用可以幫助分析和測定一些歷的情況，每一段都講了不同的探測方法。
相關(guān)背景學(xué)習(xí)：Rossi X-ray
Timing Explorer
The
Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) is a satellite that observed the time
structure of astronomical X-ray sources, named after Bruno Rossi. The RXTE has
three instruments—the Proportional Counter Array, the High-Energy X-ray Timing
Experiment (HEXTE), and the All Sky Monitor. The RXTE observed X-rays from
black holes, neutron stars, X-ray pulsars and X-ray bursts. It was funded as
part of the Explorer program, and is sometimes also called Explorer 69.
RXTE
was launched from Cape Canaveral on 30 December 1995 on a Delta rocket, has an
International Designator of 1995-074A and a mass of 3200 kg.
Observations
from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer have been used as evidence for the
existence of the frame-dragging effect predicted by the theory of general
relativity. RXTE results have, as of late 2007, been used in more than 1400
scientific papers.
In
January 2006, it was announced that Rossi had been used to locate a candidate
intermediate-mass black hole named M82 X-1. In February 2006, data from RXTE
was used to prove that the diffuse background X-ray glow in our galaxy comes
from innumerable, previously undetected white dwarfs and from other stars'
coronae. In April 2008, RXTE data was used to infer the size of the smallest
known black hole.
RXTE
ceased science operations on 3 January 2012.
NASA
scientists said that the decommissioned RXTE would re-enter the Earth's
atmosphere "between 2014 and 2023".
第二篇
威尼斯缺水問題
原文回顧：威尼斯缺飲用水的問題。由于污染的問題，威尼斯本身缺少淡水，所以缺少飲用水就成了大問題。
相關(guān)背景學(xué)習(xí)：Causes of
limited fresh water
There
are many causes of the apparent decrease [citation needed] in our fresh water
supply. Principal amongst these is the increase in population through
increasing life expectancy, the increase in per capita water use and the desire
of many people to live in warm climates that have naturally low levels of fresh
water resources.[citation needed] Climate change is also likely to change the
availability and distribution of fresh water across the planet:
"If
global warming continues to melt glaciers in the polar regions, as expected,
the supply of fresh water may actually decrease. First, fresh water from the
melting glaciers will mingle with salt water in the oceans and become too salty
to drink. Second, the increased ocean volume will cause sea levels to rise,
contaminating freshwater sources along coastal regions with seawater”.
The
World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate
can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality,
water quantity or volume, and water timing. A change in one often leads to
shifts in the others as well. Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication
also reduces the availability of fresh water.
Also,
there is an uneven distribution of fresh water. While some countries have an
abundant supply of fresh water, others do not have as much. For example, Canada
has 20% of the world's fresh water supply, while India has only 10% of the
world's fresh water supply, even though India's population is more than 30
times larger than that of Canada. A reason for the uneven distribution of fresh
water supply may be the differences in climate. For example, in some countries
in Africa, the frequent lack of rain has led to insufficient water supply for
irrigation. This has affected agriculture and has led to a shortage of food for
the people.
第三篇 青蛙的叫聲
原文回顧： 雄性青蛙叫聲的變化對雌性青蛙的吸引和影響，另外不同青蛙的叫聲對于敵人的吸引和影響。
相關(guān)背景學(xué)習(xí)：Animals Sound
Territory
sounds
These
are sounds, calls, or audible signals made by any one species to its own or any
other species, establishing boundaries so like or unlike species will not
transgress those boundaries.
Male
baboons make sounds heard for miles by other baboons, communicating to those
other male baboons, the territory of that male baboon. The strength, volume,
and timbre, inherent in that "call", determine whether or not rival
males attempt to invade that male baboon's territory.
They
do this to make them sound impressive and then to attract the female to them.
Courtship
and/or mate attracting sounds
These
are sounds made by the male baboon to attract females to his territory for
courtship and mating. Again, the strength, quality, and timbre of those sounds,
often determine the ability of that species to attract females for
reproduction. These mating calls, often low and guttural, are the main
criteria, used by the female baboon to determine which male she mates with.
更多推薦：2015年托福報名時間安排表(全年)
更多推薦：2015年托福考試時間安排表(全年)
更多推薦：2015年托福成績查詢時間表(全年)
新東方課程推薦：托福旗艦VIP班-80爭100分、托福旗艦VIP班-90爭110分
2015
oblige=force
ensure=guarantee
henceforth=from
past to now
excavation=dig
out
substantial=considerable
incite=stimulate
alteration=modified
in
preference to=more than
constituent=component
characteristic=typical
outweigh=exceed
Timing Explorer
The
Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) is a satellite that observed the time
structure of astronomical X-ray sources, named after Bruno Rossi. The RXTE has
three instruments—the Proportional Counter Array, the High-Energy X-ray Timing
Experiment (HEXTE), and the All Sky Monitor. The RXTE observed X-rays from
black holes, neutron stars, X-ray pulsars and X-ray bursts. It was funded as
part of the Explorer program, and is sometimes also called Explorer 69.
RXTE
was launched from Cape Canaveral on 30 December 1995 on a Delta rocket, has an
International Designator of 1995-074A and a mass of 3200 kg.
Observations
from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer have been used as evidence for the
existence of the frame-dragging effect predicted by the theory of general
relativity. RXTE results have, as of late 2007, been used in more than 1400
scientific papers.
In
January 2006, it was announced that Rossi had been used to locate a candidate
intermediate-mass black hole named M82 X-1. In February 2006, data from RXTE
was used to prove that the diffuse background X-ray glow in our galaxy comes
from innumerable, previously undetected white dwarfs and from other stars'
coronae. In April 2008, RXTE data was used to infer the size of the smallest
known black hole.
RXTE
ceased science operations on 3 January 2012.
NASA
scientists said that the decommissioned RXTE would re-enter the Earth's
atmosphere "between 2014 and 2023".
威尼斯缺水問題
limited fresh water
There
are many causes of the apparent decrease [citation needed] in our fresh water
supply. Principal amongst these is the increase in population through
increasing life expectancy, the increase in per capita water use and the desire
of many people to live in warm climates that have naturally low levels of fresh
water resources.[citation needed] Climate change is also likely to change the
availability and distribution of fresh water across the planet:
"If
global warming continues to melt glaciers in the polar regions, as expected,
the supply of fresh water may actually decrease. First, fresh water from the
melting glaciers will mingle with salt water in the oceans and become too salty
to drink. Second, the increased ocean volume will cause sea levels to rise,
contaminating freshwater sources along coastal regions with seawater”.
The
World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate
can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality,
water quantity or volume, and water timing. A change in one often leads to
shifts in the others as well. Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication
also reduces the availability of fresh water.
Also,
there is an uneven distribution of fresh water. While some countries have an
abundant supply of fresh water, others do not have as much. For example, Canada
has 20% of the world's fresh water supply, while India has only 10% of the
world's fresh water supply, even though India's population is more than 30
times larger than that of Canada. A reason for the uneven distribution of fresh
water supply may be the differences in climate. For example, in some countries
in Africa, the frequent lack of rain has led to insufficient water supply for
irrigation. This has affected agriculture and has led to a shortage of food for
the people.
Territory
sounds
These
are sounds, calls, or audible signals made by any one species to its own or any
other species, establishing boundaries so like or unlike species will not
transgress those boundaries.
Male
baboons make sounds heard for miles by other baboons, communicating to those
other male baboons, the territory of that male baboon. The strength, volume,
and timbre, inherent in that "call", determine whether or not rival
males attempt to invade that male baboon's territory.
They
do this to make them sound impressive and then to attract the female to them.
Courtship
and/or mate attracting sounds
These
are sounds made by the male baboon to attract females to his territory for
courtship and mating. Again, the strength, quality, and timbre of those sounds,
often determine the ability of that species to attract females for
reproduction. These mating calls, often low and guttural, are the main
criteria, used by the female baboon to determine which male she mates with.
更多推薦：2015年托福報名時間安排表(全年)
更多推薦：2015年托福考試時間安排表(全年)
更多推薦：2015年托福成績查詢時間表(全年)
新東方課程推薦：托福旗艦VIP班-80爭100分、托福旗艦VIP班-90爭110分