高考英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記 Unit 4 Grade 1

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Language tip   in a few days' time 此短語中的in是指“過若干時(shí)間”、“在……以后”,和將來時(shí)一起用,后接時(shí)間長度,如:I’ll be back in two hours. 我兩個(gè)小時(shí)之后回來(不可用after)。注意名詞的復(fù)數(shù)后的s’, 如:a ten minutes' rest 十分鐘的休息。His birthday is in two weeks’ time. 他生日還有兩周的時(shí)間。   separate ①形容詞,意思是“單獨(dú)的”、“各自的”: The children sleep in separate beds. ②動詞,后面常接介詞from,表示“使分開,使分離” : The two friends separated at the crossroads. 兩個(gè)朋友在十字路口分手了。It is not difficult to separate British English from American English. 區(qū)分英國英語和美國英語并不困難。   When are you going off to Guangzhou? 用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,通常是一些按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作,這樣的動詞有 go, come, stay, leave, arrive,start,die等,而且常用表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。如:I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.   see sb. off 的意思是“送某人,給某人送行”,后面如果接代詞,則必須放在off前;若后接名詞,則既可在off前,也可在off后。如:He went to the station to see his friend off. 他去車站給朋友送行。   take表示“搭、乘(車、船)”,后面可接a taxi/a train/a bus等。如:I took a taxi to the station. 我搭出租車到車站。I'll take the next train to Liverpool. 我準(zhǔn)備搭下一班火車到利物浦。 Let's take the stairs. 我們走樓梯吧。   Do give her my regards. 助動詞do放在動詞原形前面,可以用于肯定句或祈使句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),譯作“務(wù)必,一定,確實(shí)”。例如:Do remember the rules of the game! 一定要記住游戲規(guī)則!He does speak English well. 他的英語說得確實(shí)好。He did tell me that he would come. 他真的告訴過我他要來。   by train“乘火車”。by表示旅行的方式,后接交通工具。如:He'll take a taxi there.= He'll go there by taxi. 他將乘出租車去那兒。I go to school by bike, but my father goes to his office by car. 我騎車上學(xué),但我爸爸開車上班。注意:by 后面的名詞為單數(shù)且不用冠詞修飾。對比:I go to school on my bike.   say hi/hello to sb. 向某人問候。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有:向某人告別 say Good-bye to sb., 向某人道歉 say sorry to sb.,拒絕我的計(jì)劃 say no to my plan 等。   The same to you. 是用在聽到對方良好祝愿之后的答語,在不同的交際場合表示不同的意義,大致意思就是“你也一樣…,同樣祝你…”。如:I wish you good luck! 祝你好運(yùn)!The same to you. 也祝你好運(yùn)。   guide作名詞時(shí)表示“向?qū)?,?dǎo)游,指南”,作動詞時(shí)意思是“為……帶路,指引”。如:The visitors need a guide to show them the city. 觀光者們需要一位導(dǎo)游領(lǐng)他們游覽這座城市。The boy will guide you to the top of the mountain. 這孩子將把你帶到山頂。   區(qū)別through與across。它們都是介詞,作“穿過”講,through的含義與in有關(guān),表示動作在某物體的空間內(nèi)進(jìn)行;across的含義與on有關(guān),表示動作是在某物體的表面進(jìn)行的。常用的搭配有:through the forest (valley, crowd, window, tunnel) 穿過樹林(山谷,人群,窗戶,隧道) across the river (plain, desert, sky, sea) 穿過河流(平原,沙漠,天空,海洋)   tie…to 意為“把……拴到……上”。如:Don't tie the horse to the tree. Tie it to the post. 別把馬拴到樹上,拴到柱子上。The robber tied the owner of the house to a chair. 那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜把房主綁在椅子上。   It is wrong to eat monkeys. “吃猴子是不對的”, 句首的it叫做形式主語,不定式短語to eat monkeys才是真正主語。為了避免頭重腳輕,英語中經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,而真正的主語通常為不定式,-ing形式或從句。如:It is impossible for me to finish so much work in such a short time. 在這么短的時(shí)間里完成這么多工作對于我來說是不可能的。It is no use quarrelling with him. 和他爭吵沒用處。It is necessary that you should speak English in and after class. 在課內(nèi)外說英語是必需的。   see sb. doing sth. 意思是“看見某人正在做某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)看見某個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行;see sb. do sth.意為“看見某人做了某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)看見了整個(gè)動作的過程,如:I saw him crossing the street now. 我看見他正在過馬路。I saw him cross the street. 我看見他過了馬路。   play one's guitar 表示“彈吉它”。樂器名詞之前常用定冠詞the或one’s, 如:play the piano 彈鋼琴。而表示球類的名詞前則不用,如:play basketball 打籃球。   be about to do sth. 表示“即將要做某事,正要做某事”,常與when連用,是一個(gè)固定的句型,意為“正要……這時(shí)突然……”,強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的動作。這里的when相當(dāng)于and then/and at that time 在那時(shí)。如: He is about to start. 他馬上就要動身了。I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要出門,就在這時(shí)電話響了。   They can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語leaving only bones,在這里用作結(jié)果狀語,也就是說這些魚能把人吃掉,結(jié)果只剩一副骨架啦!又如:His father died, leaving her a lot of money.   take off 起飛,如:The plane took off very smoothly. 飛機(jī)很平穩(wěn)地起飛了。飛機(jī)降落用 land,如:The plane landed on the airport safely.   What a sad sight it was! 英語感嘆句的句型是:What(a) + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語。當(dāng)句中的名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),what后要加a, 而如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),則what后不加a,在口語中還常常省略it is。例如:What a lovely day (it is)! 多好的天啊!What silly questions you asked! 你提的問題多傻啊!感嘆句還有一個(gè)句型:How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語 + 謂語,那么把文章中的這句話轉(zhuǎn)成這種句型應(yīng)該是:How sad the sight was! 再如:How beautiful she sang! 她唱得真好!How fast he is running.他跑得真快!   For miles and miles I could see nothing except a great fire and lots of smoke.這里的except也可以用but,表示“除了……之外”。不過跟在 nobody, none, nothing, nowhere等否定詞及疑問詞who, what之后時(shí)多用but; 而在all, every, everybody, everyone, everything 等詞后則通常用except。如:I looked everywhere except there. 除了那兒,我哪兒都看了。There’s nothing but a table in the room. 房間里只有一張桌子。Nobody but me knows him. 只有我才認(rèn)識他。   for miles and miles 是由介詞加名詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語,在句中作狀語用,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。又如:for years and years 一連好幾年;for days and days 一連好幾天。   They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 介詞at 后面常接表示花費(fèi)、比率、程度、水平、年齡、速度等詞,可以譯作“以,用”。如:at a high price 意思是“以高價(jià)”,at a low cost 就是“以低成本”, We drove at high speed. 我們以高的速度開車。The train was traveling at 100 kilometers an hour. 那火車以時(shí)速100公里行使。   move on的意思就是“繼續(xù)遷移,繼續(xù)前進(jìn)”。介詞on表示動作的持續(xù),意思是“繼續(xù)”。例如:They walked on a little way without speaking. 他們朝前走了一段路,彼此都沒有說話。He talked on about his travel in the forest. 他繼續(xù)不停地講他在森林里的那次旅行。   They move on to a new place every two or three years. 在這里 every + 基數(shù)詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“每…,每隔…”,every five days就是每五天。如:Take the medicine every four hours 每四個(gè)小時(shí)吃藥。They usually come home every two weeks. 他們通常每兩星期(每隔一星期)回家。另外,我們還可以用 every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞 來表達(dá)同樣的意思,所以: every five days 也可寫成 every fifth day。又“隔天”是every other day.   destroy 毀滅、毀壞,如:The enemy destroyed the city. 敵人毀壞了這座城市。All the hopes were destroyed.所有的希望都破滅了。   be made from和be made of 之間的區(qū)別在于:be made from (由...制成) 制成品已經(jīng)變得看不出原料了,如課文中的土壤當(dāng)然不是樹葉的樣子。be made of 是指從制成品中仍然可以看出原料,例如:The bridge is made of stone. 這座橋是由石頭砌成的。The desk is made of wood. 這桌子是木制的。   sight ①情景;風(fēng)景John enjoyed seeing the sights in New York.?、谝暳?視野His sight was poor.他的視力很差。You must put it away somewhere out of my sight.你好把它放在我看不見的地方。